Multiprobe laser reflectometry in imaging and characterization of biological tissues.

Laser backscattered radiation from human forearm and foot were measured by multi-probe reflectometer, which consisted of one input probe and three output probes placed at distances of 2, 4 and 6 mm from the input probe. The normalized backscattered intensity (NBI) signals from the tissue surface, measured by the output probes, after digitization, were used to reconstruct the reflectance images of tissues in various layers below the skin surface. From NBI profiles measured at various locations of the tissues on the forearm the corresponding optical parameters, the scattering (mu(s)) and absorption (mu(a)) coefficients and the anisotropy parameter g, by matching these with profiles as simulated by Monte Carlo procedure were determined. From these data the optical parametric images of forearm were reconstructed which show the variation of these parameters at various locations. Similarly, the NBI data were collected from the foot sole region of healthy and diabetes subjects and their images reconstructed. These images showed the variation in the NBI in the diabetic foot sole compared to that of healthy subject, indicating the tissue structural changes. These procedures could be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic applications of lasers.

Transcatheter closure of aortopulmonary window.

Aortopulmonary window is an uncommon congenital cardiac defect. Most infants presenting with aortopulmonary window will require conventional surgical repair. Experience with transcatheter closure of aortopulmonary window is limited. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with aortopulmonary window, in whom transcatheter closure was performed successfully using Amplatzer ductal occluder device.