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@#Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an important factor in the auto-immune response of our bodies.Considering the mechanism of activating CD8+ T cells after the activation of STING protein, the combination of STING agonists and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of tumor immunotherapy has good clinical application prospect.In this paper, the research progress of molecular types, mechanism of action and structural modifications of STING agonists were reviewed.The developing tendency were outlined to provide some references for further investigation.
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Objective:To investigate the treatment and aesthetic restoration of anterior tooth loosening and falling in the patient with severe periodontitis,and to clarify the curative effect of multidisciplinary treatment in the anterior esthetic zone,and to provide reference for its clinical application.Methods:The male patients was 57 years old,and saw a dcotor becasuse of anterior teeth loosening and discomfort for more than half a year.The specialized examination:11,21,22,41 Ⅲ°loose,42 Ⅱ°loose.After multidisciplinary consultation,the teeth were treated with periodontal therapy.After inflammation was controlled,11,21,22,41,42 were removed for immediate implantation.The platelet rich fibrin(PRF)combined with guided bone regeneration(GBR)was used to repair the bone defect around the implants.Because of the aesthetic requirements of the patients,tooth preparation was performed for 12,13,23,31,32,33,43 after root canal therapy.Fixed restorations were performed in 13-23 and 33-43.Results:After operation,the implant was well positioned and the bone surrounding the implant was adequate.The soft tissue in the mouth healed well and the degree of the alveolar ridge was better.After restoration, the masticatory and phonation function of the teeth were restored,and the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic effect.Conclusion:Through the application of multidisciplinary treatment,the implant repair of the anterior esthetic zone of the patient with severe periodontitis is successfully achieved,which opens a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of the anterior esthetic zone.
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Objective:To use polylactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA) as vector material to prepare the compound total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae(TFRD) and total flavonoids of Chrysanthemum(TFC) sustained release microcapsule TF-PLGA microcapsules,and to investigate the the best preparation technique of TF-PLGA microcapsules and their sustained release characteristics in vitro.Methods:The TF-PLGA microcapsules were prepared with TFRD,TFC,and PLGA by emulsifying-solvent evaporation technique under certain conditions.With the encapsulation efficiency(EE) as the evaluation indicator,the optimal formulation was verified by single factor experiment and orthogonal design;the general morphology,the particle size and distribution of the microcapsules were observed by light microscope(LM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM);the cumulative drug release rate of TF-PLGA microcapsules was detected by constant temperature commotion method in vitro and the release curves of the TF-PLGA were drawn.Results:The optimal prescription was as follows:the concentration of PLGA was 140 g·L-1,oil phase volume was 1.4 mL,emulsifying speed was 900 r·min-1,emulsifying time was 5 min,the average EE was(83.89±2.30)%,and the average drug loading rate(DL) was(5.90±0.07)%.The LM and SEM resluts showed that the TF-PLGA microcapsules presented as round ball,the average particle size was(44.34±14.68)μm,and the distribution was relatively narrow.The drug release in vitro results showed that the initial drug release rate(24 h)was about 40%,and the cumulative drug release rate was over 90% after 50 d.Conclusion:The TF-PLGA sustained release microcapslue has better drug-loaded and sustained-release effects with simple preparation technique and better repeatability.
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Objective:To observe the repair effect of nano hydroxyapatite/magnesium(nHA-Mg)porous composite material modified by poly lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer(PLGA) on the jaw bone defect of rabbits,and to elucidate the mechanisms preliminary.Methods:The mandibular defect models of 10 mm×5 mm×1 mm in the 18 rabbits were established.Nine rabbits were selected and implanted with nHA-Mg composite materials modified by PLGA in the left as experimental group and the right as blank control group;the other nine were implanted with nHA-Mg in the left as positive control group and the right as blank control group.The rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12 weeks (respectively 3 of experimental group and positive control group every time)and the mandibular defect areas were intercepted and observed by imaging and histological examination;the sizes of the newborn trabecula area and residual materials in experimental group and positive control group were compared.Results:Compared with positive control group and blank control group, the percentage of newborn trabecula area of the rabbits in experimental group was increased (P0.05).The imaging results showed that the new bone formation can be observed in experimental group and better than positive control group and blank control group.The paraffin section results indicated that there were visible vascular tissue and newborn trabecula,the osteoblasts gathered around the bone trabecula;a lot of pits were located in the bone trabecula, and the pits contained osteocytes in experimental group.As the prolongation of time,thickened newborn trabecula, dense arrangement and trend of converting to lamellar bone were observed in experimental group.The hard tissue section results showed that the remaining amount of materials in experimental group was more than that in positive control group.Conclusion:nHA-Mg porous composite materials modified by PLGA can effectively reduce the rate of degradation in the body, promote osteogenesis and guide the bone regeneration.
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In recent years,endoscopic technique has become a basic procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases,thus the procedure-related complications of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) become prominent day by day. Post-EST bleeding is one of the most serious complications of the procedure,and its first line treatment involves a variety of endoscopic techniques,such as epinephrine or fibrin glue local injection,electric coagulation and heat probe,clamps and covered metal stents. If these are not successful,transcatheter arterial embolization or surgical operation should be considered. In this article,the above-mentioned treatment modalities of post-EST bleeding were reviewed.
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BACKGROUND:Early detection and accurate staging diagnosis of heart failure are the basis of good clinical therapy efficacy. Due to lack of simple and effective staging model for the diagnosis of heart failure, it is difficult to diagnose heart failure in clinics, leading to poor control of heart failure. OBJECTIVE:To establish the disease staging model based on Adaboost and SVM for heart failure, and improve the accuracy of diagnosis and staging of heart failure. METHODS:A total of 194 cases were roled into this study, including heart failure patients and healthy physical examination persons. According to the stage standards formulated by American Colege of Cardiology and American Heart Association, specific clinical feature parameters closely related to heart failure were colected and selected. Based on clinical diagnosis results and using Adaboost model and SVM model, we trained the models for heart failure diagnosis and staging, thus obtaining diagnosis model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The parameters included stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial diameter, left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and heart rate variability. As for the Adaboost model, its sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 94.4%, respectively. At the same time the SVM model had good sensitivity and specificity, 86.5% and 89.4% respectively. Adaboost classification model can be accurate in the diagnosis of heart failure symptoms, the accuracy reached 89.36%. On the basis of the diagnosis of heart failure, the SVM classification model is effective in staging the severity of heart failure, staging accuracy for staging B and C was 86.49% and 81.48%, respectively. The findings indicate that, combining Adaboost and SVM machine learning models could provide an accurate diagnosis and staging model for heart failure.
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To study the effects of psoralen (PSO) with long wave ultraviolet light (PUVA) on apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential in K562 cells.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of psoralen (PSO) plus long-wave ultraviolet-A (PUVA) on apoptosis and expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in HL-60 leukemia cells. METHODS: The HL-60 cells were taken as the study objects and their apoptosis rates, ultrastructure changes and the expression of FasL were detected in order to observe the effects of PSO and ultraviolet-A (UVA) of wave length 360 nm. The factorial design and analysis of variance were used to analyze the interaction among the factors. RESULTS: PSO, UVA and PUVA all induced the apoptosis and the effects of PUVA were stronger than those of the other two. After HL-60 cells had been treated with PUVA, they all showed obvious ultrastructure changes due to apoptosis observed under the electron microscope. PSO, UVA and PUVA all decreased the expressions of FasL gene and protein. The effects of PUVA were stronger than those of the other two. CONCLUSIONS: PUVA can induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells and the effects are stronger than those of PSO or UVA alone. The expression of FasL gene in HL-60 cells is down-regulated during the apoptosis induced by PUVA.
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To explore the effects of inactivated rabbit serum containing compound realgar and natural indigo tablet (CRNIT) on cell line NB(4).
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Objective To study the changes of Caspase8 and Caspase3 protein in HL-60 cells during apoptosis induced by psoralen (PSO) plus ultraviolet A (UVA). Methods HL-60 cells were treated with PSO, extracted from Chinese medicine psoralea fruits in different concentrations, plus UVA of wave length 360 nm in different irradiation time. The apoptosis ratios, ultrastructure changes and the expression of Caspase8 and Caspase3 protein were detected. The factorial design and analysis of variance were used to analyze the interaction among the factors. Results PSO, UVA and PUVA all increased the apoptosis ratios and up-regulated the expression of Caspase8 and Caspase3 protein, but the effects of PUVA were the strongest. There were obvious changes about apoptosis under the electron microscope after treatment with PUVA. Conclusions PUVA can induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells and activate Caspase8 and Caspase3 gene.
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Objective To explore the effects of psoralen (PSO) and long wave ultraviolet A (PUVA) on apoptosis and expression of Fas in HL-60,K562 and NB4 leukemia cells.Methods The cells were incubated with PSO in different concentrations irradiated with or without UVA.The changes of ultrastructure of cells were observed under the electron microscope.The expression of Fas gene was detected by fluorescent quantitation PCR.The apoptosis ratio and the expression of Fas protein were detected through the flow cytometry.The factorial design and analysis of variance were used to analyze the interaction among the factors.Results There were obvious ultrastructure changes about apoptosis in leukemia cells after treated with PUVA.PSO,UVA and PUVA all increased the apoptosis ratio and expression of Fas gene and protein,and the effects of PUVA were stronger than the other two (P
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of psoralen plus ultraviolet-A light (PUVA) on K562 cells and the relative mechanism. METHODS: The effects of psoralen, ultraviolet-A light and PUVA on K562 cells were assayed by monotetrazolium test (MTT). DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The apoptotic rates of K562 cells treated with 40 and 80 microg/ml psoralen for 24 and 48 hours were assayed by Annexin-V-FITC/PI reagent kit on FCM respectively. The ultrastructures of apoptotic cells were observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: Either single psoralen therapy or single ultraviolet-A irradiation had inhibiting effect on K562 cells. The inhibiting effect of PUVA on K562 cells was stronger than that of the single psoralen therapy or single ultraviolet-A light irradiation (P<0.05). Apoptotic peak (AP) was detected by FCM. TEM test showed that K562 cells treated with PUVA were smaller, having condensed cell nucleus, assembled chromatin, disintegrated nucleus body and the majority of the cells appeared to be apoptotic conformation. CONCLUSION: Psoralen has inhibiting effect on K562 cells, and the effect of PUVA is more significant. It is suggested that 10 min irradiation and 40 microg/ml terminal concentration of psoralen be probably the best choice for PUVA. The inhibiting effect of PUVA is due to apoptosis.
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Objective To explore the effects of psoralen(PSO)and long-wave ultraviolet chemical therapy(PUVA) on cell apoptosis and expressions of FasL in HL-60,K562,and NB4 leukemia cells.Methods The cells were taken as the studying objects and their apoptosis ratios,ultrastructure changes and the expressions of FasL were detected in or- der to observe the effects of PSO extracted from Chinese medicine and ultraviolet at 360 nm on human leukemia cells.The factor design and analysis of variance were used to analyze the interaction among the factors.Results(1)PSO,UVA and PUVA all induced the apoptosis and the effects of PUVA were stronger than the other two.(2)Obvious changes of ultra- structure of leukemia cells were found under electron microscope after treatment with PUVA.(3)PSO,UVA and PUVA down-regulated FasL gene and protein expression levels,and the effects of PUVA are the strongest.Conclusion PUVA can induce the apoptosis of human leukemia cells and its effects are the strongest.One of the pathway of PUVA to induce apoptosis is by down-regulating the expression of FasL gene.