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Objective:To understand the current situation of female cancer survivors′ self-advocacy and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Convenience sampling was used. From August to November 2021, 243 female cancer survivors from 10 tertiary A hospitals in Jiangsu Province were selected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire and the Female Self-Advocacy in Cancer Survivorship (FSACS)were used for the survey. Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of female cancer survivors′ self-advocacy rights.Results:The self-advocacy score of this group of female cancer survivors was (82.42±10.42); the results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that education level was an influencing factor for female cancer survivors′self-advocacy ( P<0.05), but age, marital status, number of children, work status, family monthly income, reimbursement method, illness time, disease diagnosis, and disease stage had nothing to do with female cancer survivors′ self-advocacy( P>0.05). Conclusions:Female cancer survivors′ self-advocacy is affected by their educational level.It is recommended that medical staff pay attention to patients with low education level, provide personalized guidance according to their conditions, and encourage them to actively obtain external information, seek effective communication and external support, so as to improve Self-advocacy ability.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of joint test of retinol-binding protein (RBP), cystatin C (CYSC) and urinary (albumin/creatinine ratio, ALB/Cr) ALB/Cr in early diabetes nephropathy.Methods:Data of 50 early diabetic nephropathy patients (EDN group) from Jan. 2020 to Jun. 2021 in our hospital, another 50 pure type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM group), and 50 healthy subjects (control group) were compared and analysed. RBP, CYSC and urinary ALB/Cr were tested for the 3 groups. Then the clinical diagnostic value between single index test and joint test for the early diabetes nephropathy were compared.Results:Group EDN had higher RBP, CYSC and urinary ALB/Cr [ (114.66±0.56) mg/L, (2.64±0.33) mg/L, (351.81±15.48) ] mg/g than group T2DM [ (83.58±0.83) mg/L, (1.41±0.29) mg/L, (113.65±12.55) mg/g] and control group[ (38.61±0.66) mg/L, (0.53±0.26) mg/L, (16.36±5.61) mg/g]. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The specificity and sensitivity of early diabetes nephropathy were 95.38% and 96.21%, both higher than single index test. Conclusion:The combined detection of serum RBP, CYSC and urine ALB/Cr has certain reference value for the clinical diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy.
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Objective:To explore the related factors of poor prognostis in children with Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and provide reference for predicting and improving the prognosis of children with HSPN.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of children with HSPN hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from May 2007 to June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into complete remission group and persistent abnormal group.Results:(1) Among 108 cases, there were 73 males and 35 females, with the onset age ranging from 5 to 16 years and average age of (9.5±2.8) years. The interval time from the first clinic in our hospital to the last follow-up was 2-131 months, with average of 24.8 months. Renal involvement occurred in the course of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura from 1 day to 51 months, and the renal biopsy time was 5 days to 60 months after renal involvement. (2) Hematuria with proteinuria type and nephrotic syndrome type were predominant, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The proportion of gross hematuria in the persistent abnormal group were significantly higher than that in the complete remission group (52.6% vs 31.4%, χ2=4.659, P=0.031). There were significant differences in serum creatinine and urea between the two groups (both P<0.05). The proportion of hyperuricemia in the persistent abnormal group was higher than that in the complete remission group (39.5% vs 21.4%, χ2=3.998, P=0.046). After clinical treatment, though there was no significant difference in proteinuria between the two groups at the beginning of the disease, the negative transformation rate of proteinuria in the complete remission group was higher than that in the persistent abnormal group after 3 months (55.7% vs 34.2%, χ2=4.562, P=0.033). (3) According to International study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) pathology classification, 14 cases (36.8%), 21 cases (55.3%), 3 cases (7.9%) withⅡ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ level in the persistent abnormal group and 21 cases (30.0%), 49 cases (70.0%), 0 case with Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ level (70.0%) in the complete remission group after (20.16±24.86) months of follow-up, and the difference between the two groups was not statisticcally significant ( Z=-0.135, P=0.892). According to the Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy, 36(33.3%) children had tubule-interstitial lesions (T1, 26%-50% tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis), and the proportion in the persistent abnormal group was significantly higher than that in the complete remission group (50.0% vs 24.3%, Z=-2.695, P=0.007). (4) Compared with T0 (0-25% tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis), the incidence of gross hematuria and hyperuricemia in the T1 tubule-interstitial lesion were both higher than that (respectively 63.9% vs 27.8%, χ2=13.061, P<0.001; 38.9% vs 22.2%, χ2=3.983, P=0.046). (5) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that renal tubule-interstitial lesion was a risk factor for poor prognosis of HSPN ( OR=2.580, 95% CI 1.055-6.310, P=0.038). Conclusions:Renal tubule-interstitial lesion is a risk factor for the persistent abnormal of HSPN. Gross hematuria and hyperuricemia are related to tubule-interstitial lesions.
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Objective To observe the effects of Soyasaponins on inflammatory factors, antioxidant activity and exercise ability in rats with severe heat stroke. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group, heat shock model group, saline control group and Soyasaponin group, The rats that died during the experiment or with a low rectal temperature (< 41℃) were excluded, and finally 54 rats were included, 18 rats remaining in each group. The rats in the heat shock model group were placed in the simulated hot climate animal cabin at 30 ℃, and the temperature within 30 minutes was raised to 39 ℃ in the cabin with 65% humidity; in the mean time, the rat models of heat shock were replicated under the following situations: let the rats exercise on a treadmill with running speed set at 15 m/min, slope degree 0°, once running for 8 minutes, interval 2 minutes and the heat shock time was 90 minutes, the rats in the normal control group were fed in an environment with temperature ranging from 23-25 ℃ and relative humidity ranging from 50%-70%. After the establishment of models, the saline control group and Soyasaponin group were given daily saline and Soyasaponin (10 mg/kg) respectively by gavage for 3 consecutive months, while the heat shock model group was not given any treatment. The femoral artery blood was collected 24 hours after the rats left the cabin. The serum levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and the contents of serum hemoglobin (Hb), serum urea (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and blood lactic acid (Lac) were measured by automatie biochemical analyzer. Results The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MDA, Hb, BUN, LDH, Lac in heat shock model group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group [IL-6 (ng/L): 86.17±4.82 vs. 12.60±3.49, IL-1β (ng/L): 83.00±5.98 vs. 15.70±3.64, TNF-α (ng/L): 72.22±6.93 vs. 13.75±2.69, IFN-γ (ng/L): 36.22±3.02 vs. 7.35±1.60, MDA (nmol/mg): 19.78±4.56 vs. 6.40±1.35, Hb (g/L): 136.22±1.93 vs. 126.75±5.84, BUN (mmol/L):21.06±3.44 vs. 5.65±1.35, LDH (μmoL·s-1·L-1): 9.65±0.83 vs. 2.12±0.17, Lac (mmol/L): 552.56±78.33 vs. 1.32±0.18, all P ＜ 0.05], SOD and GSH-Px were significantly lower than those in normal control group [SOD (kU/L):97.89±10.57 vs. 126.65±11.35, GSH-Px (kU/L): 19.22±2.58 vs. 43.45±4.02]; however, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MDA, BUN, LDH and Lac in Soyasaponin group were significantly lower than those in heat shock model group [IL-6 (ng/L): 45.28±3.54 vs. 86.17±4.82, IL-1β (ng/L): 41.61±2.93 vs. 83.00±5.98, TNF-α (ng/L):37.22±2.46 vs. 72.22±6.93, IFN-γ (ng/L): 19.22±2.60 vs. 36.22±3.02, MDA (nmol/mg): 11.28±1.74 vs. 19.78±4.56, BUN (mmol/L): 11.78±2.13 vs. 21.06±3.44, LDH (μmoL·s-1·L-1): 3.70±0.26 vs. 9.65±0.83, Lac (mmol/L): 274.56±59.08 vs. 552.56±78.33, all P < 0.01], SOD, GSH-Px and Hb were significantly higher than those of heat shock model group [SOD (kU/L): 116.11±11.28 vs. 97.89±10.57, GSH-Px (kU/L): 31.17±2.90 vs. 19.22±2.58, Hb (g/L): 141.33±3.79 vs. 136.22±1.93, all P < 0.01]; there were no significant statistical differences in above indexes between heat shock model group and saline control group (all P > 0.05). Conclusion After heat shock and exercise management, the production and release of inflammatory factors are increased, and the level of lipid peroxidation was elevated in rats. The Soyasaponin can improve the ability to withstand heat shock and strong exercise by reducing the production and release of inflammatory factors and lipid peroxidation in the rats with severe heatstroke.
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To explore the effects of different fluid replenishment methods on the internal environment, body thermal regulatory response and severe heatstroke of 5-km armed cross-country training soldiers. Methods A Special Force officers and soldiers who participated in 5-km armed cross-country training (2-3 times a week, 25-30 minutes each time for 3 weeks) during summer training from June to July in 2018 were enrolled, and they were divided into three groups according to the random number table, with 300 trainees in each group. 200 mL of drinking fluids were given to each group 15 minutes before and after each 5-km armed cross-country training: A group with boiled water, B group with purified water, and C group with beverage prepared by pharmaceutical laboratory of the 990th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force (100 mL containing 6 g carbohydrates, 42 mg sodium, and 11 mg potassium). The venous blood was collected before and after the last training or during the onset of severe heatstroke to do the following tests: serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI, chemiluminescence), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB, immunosuppressive), serum creatinine (SCr, enzymatic method), urea nitrogen (BUN, enzymatic method), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, tryptase), aspartate transaminase (AST, tryptase), and Na+, K+, Cl- (electrode method). The heart rate (HR) and core temperature (Tc, anal temperature) were monitored at the same time. The amount of sweat in training and the occurrence of severe heatstroke were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in heart, liver, kidney function, electrolyte and body heat regulation reaction among three groups of 5-km armed cross-country trainees before training. Compared with before training, the levels of serum cTnI, CK-MB, SCr, BUN, ALT, AST, HR and Tc were significantly increased after training or during the onset of severe heatstroke in three groups, while the contents of Na+, K+, Cl- were significantly decreased, but the increase or decrease of group C was relatively smaller compared with group A and group B [cTnI (μg/L): 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) vs. 1.1 (0.7, 2.8), 1.0 (0.6, 3.3); CK-MB (U/L): 7.0 (5.0, 11.0) vs. 9.0 (6.0, 14.5), 8.0 (6.0, 15.0); SCr (μmol/L): 92.09±18.64 vs. 102.78±18.77, 103.64±20.07; BUN (mmol/L): 7 (6, 9) vs. 9 (8, 11), 10 (8, 13); ALT (U/L): 27 (22, 34) vs. 36 (30, 43), 34 (27, 43); AST (U/L): 37 (31, 48) vs. 41 (34, 50), 39 (34, 51); HR (bpm):87.01±17.07 vs. 95.88±21.06, 96.59±22.04; Tc (℃): 37.73±0.81 vs. 38.03±1.05, 38.10±1.04; Na+ (mmol/L):150.14±3.86 vs. 144.18±8.89, 144.04±9.39; K+ (mmol/L): 4.32±0.57 vs. 4.15±0.62, 4.13±0.51; Cl- (mmol/L):100.43±3.71 vs. 98.42±4.24, 98.41±4.58; all P < 0.01]. The incidence of severe heatstroke in group C was significantly lower than that in group A and group B [1.67% (5/300) vs. 5.00% (15/300), 5.33% (16/300), χ2 = 6.424, P = 0.040]. There was no significant difference in sweating volume in groups A, B, C (g: 370.47±48.71, 370.85±50.66, 370.17±50.21, F = 0.014, P = 0.986). There was no significant difference in the above indexes between group A and group B (all P > 0.05). Bi-classification Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of HR, Tc and excessive loss of Na+, K+, Cl- were risk factors for severe heatstroke [odds ratio (OR) was 0.848, 0.138, 1.565, 17.996 and 2.328 respectively, all P < 0.01]. Conclusions Timely supplementation of carbohydrate, sodium and potassium ions can effectively change the internal environment and body heat regulation reaction of 5-km armed cross-country trainees, so as to reduce the occurrence of severe heatstroke. The increases of HR, Tc and excessive loss of Na+, K+, Cl- are risk factors for severe heatstroke.
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Objective To explore the relationship between training burnout, sleep quality and heat regulation response, severe heatstroke in people performed 5-km armed cross-country training. Methods 600 male officers and soldiers who participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in summer from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. All trainees participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in environment with ambient temperature > 32 ℃ and (or) humidity > 65%. They were divided into two groups according to whether severe heatstroke occurred during 5-km armed cross-country training. The age, military age, body mass index (BMI), physical fitness score, external environment (such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, heat index), training burnout score and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) score, heart rate (HR), core temperature (Tc), sweating volume and serum Na+, K+, Cl- levels were compared between the groups. The risk factors of severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training were screened by binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results There were 26 cases of severe heatstroke in 600 trainees who participated in 5-km armed cross-country training, with an incidence of 4.33%. There was no significant difference in age, military age, BMI, physical fitness score and external environment of 5-km armed cross-country training between people with or without severe heatstroke. Compared with those without severe heatstroke, the dimensions of training burnout and the total average scores of training burnout of severe heatstroke personnel before 5-km armed cross-country training were increased significantly (physical and mental exhaustion score: 12.4±2.5 vs. 9.4±3.5, training alienation score: 8.8±2.8 vs. 5.8±2.3, low sense of achievement score: 8.2±2.7 vs. 5.6±2.3, total score of training burnout: 9.8±3.2 vs. 6.9±3.2, all P < 0.01), all factors except daytime dysfunction (DD) of PSQI and total PSQI score were also increased significantly [sleep quality (SQ) score: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 1.0), fall asleep time (SL) score: 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 1.0), sleep time (SH) score: 1.0 (0.8, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 1.0), sleep efficiency (SE) score: 1.0 (0, 1.0) vs. 0 (0, 0.8), sleep disorder (SD) score: 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 2.0), total PSQI score: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 1.0), all P < 0.01], HR was increased significantly at onset (bpm: 120.00±10.57 vs. 86.49±14.91, P < 0.01), Tc was increased significantly (℃: 41.46±0.57 vs. 37.97±0.83, P < 0.01), serum electrolyte contents were decreased significantly [Na+ (mmol/L): 130.54±5.97 vs. 143.15±10.56, K+ (mmol/L): 3.72±0.44 vs. 4.37±0.50, Cl- (mmol/L):97.58±4.80 vs. 102.10±2.39, all P < 0.01], and the amount of sweat during training was increased significantly (g: 395.81±16.16 vs. 371.88±40.76, P < 0.01). Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that total score of training burnout [odd ratio (OR) = 0.653, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.563-0.757], total PSQI score (OR =0.693, 95%CI = 0.525-0.916), HR (OR = 0.871, 95%CI = 0.838-0.908), Tc (OR = 0.088, 95%CI = 0.043-0.179), sweating volume (OR = 0.988, 95%CI = 0.979-0.997), Na+ (OR = 1.112, 95%CI = 1.069-1.158), K+ (OR = 13.900, 95%CI = 5.343-36.166), Cl- (OR = 1.393, 95%CI = 1.252-1.550) were independent risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Increase in training burnout, total PSQI score, excessive changes of body heat regulation response and excessive loss of Na+, K+, Cl- in serum are independent risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training under the same conditions with high temperature and humidity environment.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physiological parameters changes and severe heatstroke induced by 5-km armed cross-country training.@*Methods@#A total of 521 male officers and soldiers from a special team who participated in the summer training of 5-km armed cross-country training from year 2016 to 2017 were enrolled. All trainees participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in high temperature and humidity environment of ambient temperature > 32 ℃and (or) relative humidity > 65%. The trainees were divided into two groups according to the incidence of severe heatstroke in the course of training. The age, enlistment time, constitution score, body mass index (BMI), external environment (ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, heat index) of trainees of the two groups, and the change rates of arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), body temperature, pulse and blood pressure within 5 minutes after the 5-km armed cross-country training were compared between the two groups. The risk factors of severe heatstroke were screened by two classified Logistic regression analysis, and the predictive value of various risk factors of severe heatstroke was analyzed by the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC).@*Results@#In 521 trainees of 5-km armed cross-country training, 29 trainees suffered from severe heatstroke accounting for 5.57%. There was no significant difference in the age, enlistment time, constitution score, BMI, or external environment during 5-km armed cross-country training between severe heatstroke group and non-severe heatstroke group. Compared with those without severe heatstroke, the descending rates of body temperature, pulse, blood pressure and SaO2 increased rate within 5 minutes after 5-km armed cross-country training of severe heatstroke trainees were significantly decreased [temperature descending rate: (0.67±0.30)% vs. (1.43±1.28)%, pulse descending rate: (7.53±5.21)% vs. (13.48±8.07)%, blood pressure descending rate: (9.28±6.84)% vs. (19.42±7.73)%, SaO2 increased rate: (0.51±0.39)% vs. (1.50±1.43)%, all P < 0.01]. Two classification Logistic regression analysis showed that the temperature descending rate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.485, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.289-0.817], pulse descending rate (OR = 0.903, 95%CI = 0.845-0.965), blood pressure descending rate (OR = 0.841, 95%CI = 0.790-0.896), and SaO2 increased rate (OR = 0.421, 95%CI = 0.250-0.711) were the risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that temperature descending rate [area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.659, 95%CI = 0.604-0.714], pulse descending rate (AUC = 0.730, 95%CI = 0.762-0.900), blood pressure descending rate (AUC = 0.831, 95%CI = 0.659-0.801), SaO2 increased rate (AUC = 0.711, 95%CI = 0.655-0.767) could be used for the incidence of severe heatstroke prediction during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01), and the predicted value was the same.@*Conclusions@#Under the same conditions, the severe heatstroke during 5-km cross-country training is closely related to the descending rates of body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure as well as SaO2 increased rate within 5 minutes after the training, whose predictive values for severe heatstroke were the same.
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Objective To investigate the effects of heat acclimatization training on the inflammatory reaction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS). Methods 600 officers and soldiers from a special team who participated in 5 km armed wild training from June to July 2017 were selected as the research object, while 30 healthy officers and men who did not participate in armed wild training during the same period were selected as normal controls. The officers and soldiers who participated in 5 km armed wild training (ambient temperature > 35 ℃, humidity > 65%, 2-3 times a week for 3 weeks) were divided into heat acclimatization group and non-acclimatization group, with 300 in each group. The heat acclimatization group first took part in the heat acclimatization training of wild or long distance running (the initial temperature was 30 ℃, gradually transferred to the hot time of 37 ℃), 2 hours each time, twice a day, and 5 days a week, for a total of 2 weeks. Venous blood was taken before and after heat acclimatization training, before armed wild training, and after the last training or EHS onset, and the contents of serum interleukin (IL-1β, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and γ-interferon (IFN-γ) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The occurrence of EHS and MODS in EHS patients were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in serum inflammatory factors between the officers and soldiers who participated in the training and the healthy control group before heat training or cross-country training. Compared with those before heat training, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ were significantly increased in all participants of heat acclimatization training while IL-10 was significantly decreased. For those who experienced premonitory (6 cases) and mild (2 cases) heatstroke during training, they could return to normal without severe heatstroke or EHS within 10-30 minutes after being immediately put in a cool and ventilated place and given anti- heatstroke drugs and other interventions. Compared with those before wild training, the levels of inflammatory factors in the two groups of officers and soldiers also changed after wild training, but the increase or decrease of inflammatory indexes in the heat acclimatization group were significantly smaller than those in the non-acclimatization group [IL-1β (ng/L): 10.65±5.18 vs. 12.13±7.91, TNF-α (ng/L): 14.60±5.79 vs. 16.27±8.52, IFN-γ (ng/L): 13.66±5.43 vs. 15.33±8.71, IL-10 (ng/L):8.22±2.68 vs. 7.13±2.63, all P < 0.05]. During armed wild training, a total of 27 cases of EHS occurred. The incidence of EHS in the heat acclimatization group was significantly lower than that in the non-acclimatization group [2.67% (8/300) vs. 6.33% (19/300), χ2= 4.693, P = 0.030]. In patients with EHS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ after wild training in the heat acclimatization group were also significantly lower than those in the non-acclimatization group, and IL-10 was significantly higher [IL-1β (ng/L): 34.50±3.74 vs. 39.53±4.51, TNF-α (ng/L): 43.75±2.87 vs. 46.79±2.66, IFN-γ (ng/L): 40.25±1.75 vs. 46.58±1.92, IL-10 (ng/L): 7.50±2.45 vs. 5.42±1.80, all P < 0.01], and the incidence of MODS and organ involvement of EHS patients in the heat acclimation group were significantly lower than that in the non-acclimatization group [50.00% (4/8) vs. 89.47% (17/19), χ2= 5.075, P = 0.024; 28.13% (9/32) vs. 47.79% (65/136), χ2=4.066, P=0.044]. Conclusion Heat acclimatization training before high strength training in high temperature and humidity environment can effectively reduce the degree of inflammation reaction of EHS, protect the physiological functions of EHS organs, and reduce the incidence of MODS.
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Objective To observe the effect of different core temperatures (Tc) after heat strike on serum inflammatory cytokines and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in rat. Methods 120 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 30) and heat strike group (n = 90). The rats in heat strike group were put into simulated thermal climate animal module after adaptive training. The module temperature was raised to 39 ℃ in 30 minutes with 65% humidity. The rats ran simultaneously at 15 m/min, on the slope of 0°, 8 minutes each time, 2 minutes interval, and the heat strike time was 90 minutes. After the rats came out of the module, rectal temperature, which was Tc value, was recorded. The rats died or Tc < 41 ℃ during the experiment were excluded, the remaining 73 rats were divided into three subgroups: 41.0-41.9 ℃ (n = 38), 42.0-42.9 ℃ (n = 26), and ≥43.0 ℃ (n = 9). The rats in the normal control group were reared at temperature of (25±2) ℃, and humidity of (55±5)%. At 0 hour and 24 hours after the rats came out of the module, femoral artery blood was collected to determine serum interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) andγ-interferon (IFN-γ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cardiac troponin I (cTnI), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The incidence of MODS and the number of accumulative organs within 24 hours of the rats in different Tc of heat strike group were compared and analyzed. Results The serum inflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters at 0 hour after heat strike were significant higher than those of the normal control group, and showed a time dependence. Further analysis showed that the inflammatory response and organ dysfunction in rats were increased gradually with the increase in Tc of rats. Compared with the normal control group, at 24 hours after heat strike, inflammatory cytokines in Tc≥43.0 ℃ rats were increased obviously [IL-1α (ng/L): 13.56±2.07 vs. 2.24±0.62, IL-1β (ng/L): 17.11±1.90 vs. 7.40±1.52, IL-17 (ng/L): 17.00±1.41 vs. 6.00±1.78, TNF-α (ng/L):16.78±1.79 vs. 7.27±1.74, IFN-γ (ng/L): 21.11±2.09 vs. 10.43±2.31], and the biochemical parameters were also increased obviously [cTnI (ng/L): 50.78±6.67 vs. 20.53±3.09, CK-MB (U/L): 62.89±3.82 vs. 22.00±3.01, SCr (μmol/L): 149.22±4.35 vs. 92.53±8.32, BUN (nmol/L): 55.22±1.99 vs. 19.10±2.02, ALT (U/L): 388.33±4.97 vs. 100.23±10.61, AST (U/L): 361.22±6.53 vs. 97.67±10.54, all P < 0.01]. The incidence of MODS within 24 hours in the heat strike group was 54.79% (40/73), and the higher the Tc, the higher the incidence of MODS, and the more insulted organs [the incidence of MODS in 41.0-41.9 ℃, 42.0-42.9 ℃, and ≥43.0 ℃ subgroups was 36.84% (14/38), 65.38% (17/26), 100.00% (9/9), and the organ involvement rate was 12.17% (37/304), 23.08% (48/208), and 48.61% (35/72), respectively, when 8 organs or systems were calculated for each rat, both P < 0.01]. Conclusion The higher the Tc of heat strike rats, the stronger the inflammatory reaction and the more serious the damage of tissue, and the more extensive damage of the organs.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of mild hypothermia at different starting times on the physiological functions of the viscera of exertional heat stroke (EHS). Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. EHS patients admitted to intensive care unit of the 159th Hospital of People's Liberation Army and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2, 4, 6 hours start hypothermia treatment groups according to the random number table method, the mild hypothermia was initiated at 2, 4 and 6 hours after the disease onset respectively, and the methods were the same in each group. After treatment of 2, 12, 24 hours, the venous blood in the three groups was collected to detect serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with chemiluminescence method, MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) with immunosuppressive method, creatinine (Cr) with creatine oxidase method, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) with turbidimetry, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with enzyme method. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) within 24 hours after treatment was recorded. Linear regression analysis of the correlation between mild hypothermia start-up time and MODS was done. Results Ninety-three cases of EHS were included,with 32, 31 and 30 patients in 2, 4, 6 hours start treatment groups respectively. There were no significant differences in gender, age, core temperature, onset time to admission, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) score at admission among the three groups. There were no significant differences in the levels of serum cTnI, CK-MB, Cr, β2-MG, ALT and AST at 2 hours after treatment. But with the prolongation of the treatment time, all indicators gradually increased. And the earlier start of the mild hypothermia, the less significant of the above indexes. All indexes in 2 hours start treatment group were significantly lower than those of 2 hours and 6 hours start treatment groups at 24 hours after treatment [cTnI (ng/L): 49.53±9.25 vs. 56.52±10.05, 64.57±11.21; CK-MB (U/L):51.47±11.83 vs. 57.87±7.43, 64.40±7.93; Cr (μmol/L): 140.97±11.33 vs. 148.16±10.39,155.57±8.65; β2-MG (mg/L): 10.28±1.46 vs. 11.58±2.13, 12.93±1.98; ALT (U/L): 248.53±75.47 vs. 341.42±129.58, 425.77±101.23;AST (U/L): 197.25±42.59 vs. 292.81±58.49, 351.20±60.41, all P < 0.05]. There was significant difference in the incidence of MODS in 2, 4, 6 hours start treatment groups [43.75% (14/32), 64.52% (20/31), 80.08% (24/30), χ2= 8.761, P = 0.013]. Linear regression analysis showed that the earlier onset time of mild hypothermia, the lower incidence of MODS (R2= 0.915, P = 0.013). Conclusion The application of mild hypothermia in 2 hours can effectively protect the physiological function of EHS organs and reduce the incidence of MODS.
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Objective To observe the relationship between different degree of cerebral edema and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) of exertional heat stroke (EHS) patients. Methods The patients with EHS admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the 159th Hospital of PLA from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled. The electrical impedance perturbation coefficient (EIDC) of bilateral cerebral hemispheres were monitored at 2, 24 and 72 hours after the onset of the disease by BORN-BE non-invasive dynamic cerebral edema monitor, and the patients were divided into 9+ group, 10+ group and 11+ group according to the resistance of the measured mean impedance coefficients. Fasting venous blood of the patients were acquired after 2 hours and 72 hours of the disease, the levels of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), creatinine (Cr), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were detected. The occurrence of MODS within 72 hours was recorded. Linear regression analysis of the correlation between EIDC and MODS was done. Results All 124 EHS patients were male; the age was (22.10±4.43) years. Among them, 20 in EIDC 9+ group, 61 in 10+ group, and 43 in 11+ group. There were no significant differences in the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, NOS, cTnI, CK-MB, Cr, β2-MG, ALT, AST after onset of 2 hours among different EPIC groups; all the indexes of 72 hours were significantly higher than those of 2 hours in each group; and the higher the EIDC, the more obvious increase of each index [EIDC 9+ group, 10+ group, 11+ group at 72 hours IL-1β (ng/L): 12.05±3.75, 18.49±7.94, 23.21±10.44;TNF-α (ng/L): 13.10±3.18, 18.92±7.23, 23.40±10.17; NO (μmol/L): 99.50±12.10, 111.41±17.75, 120.81±15.58;NOS (kU/L): 47.95±8.33, 56.70±12.12, 63.37±12.60; cTnI (ng/L): 92.75±20.92, 107.20±18.96, 117.30±14.53;CK-MB (U/L): 73.55±9.25, 83.23±13.19, 93.49±12.25; Cr (μmol/L): 165.30±9.41, 176.62±9.83, 180.09±10.14;β2-MG (mg/L): 16.45±2.68, 19.07±3.68, 22.05±3.93; ALT (U/L): 500.10±87.05, 563.90±91.28, 612.16±90.61, AST (U/L): 414.30±53.35, 470.51±73.83, 512.09±81.29, respectively, two-two comparison all P ＜ 0.05], the higher of the MODS incidence [40.00 % (8/20), 65.57% (40/61), 83.72% (36/43), x2= 12.199, P = 0.002]. Linear regression analysis showed that the degree of cerebral edema was positively correlated with the incidence of MODS (R2= 0.905, P = 0.002). Conclusion The higher of the EIDC, the more severe of cerebral edema, the stronger of the inflammatory reaction, and the more severe damage of heart, liver, kidney and other organs in EHS patients within 72 hours.
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Objective To investigate the immunodiagnostic valueofrecombinant granulocvte protein 5(rGRA5) protein in prokaryotic Toxoplasma gondii.Methods The PCR was used to ampliify GRA5 gene,then insert the target gene into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a,and identified by double digestion and sequencing, then transfecte the correct targert gene into BL21 competent cells, SDS-PAGE and Western blot were used to detect the expression of the recombinant protein in BL21.ELISA was used to detect the serum of 100 cases of serologically Toxoplasma-positive individuals.Results The products of GRA5 gene of 363 bp in length was successfully amplified by PCR,the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-GRA5 was constructed successfully, the result of double digestion showed that the insert fragment size was correct, and DNA sequencing results showed that the homology of GRA5 gene with GenBank was 100%.Also the expression of GRA5 protein was successfully detected in BL21 by Western blot(about 14 ku).ELISA method was used to detect 100 cases of patients with 73 cases showed positive results, the positive diagnosis rate was 73.0%.Among them, the positive detection rate of IgG positive samples was 72.5% in 40 cases,the positive detection rate of IgM positive samples was 53.3% in 30 cases,the positive detection rate of IgG and IgM positive samples was 93.3% in 30 cases.Conclusion The prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-GRA5 is constructed successfully, and the recombinant protein has potential for immunological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
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In order to understand the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) origin and variant characteristics in Liaoning province,diagnosed by PCR,separated by Vero cell,and identified by cell pathological observation,RT-PCR and S gene sequence analysis,1 PEDV strains (LN-2015-1) was successfully isolated from a pig farm of Liaoning province.Analysis of S gene sequence showed that compared withCV777 strain,there were the longest 9 bp insertion,6 bp deletion and 13 bp continuous mutation in addition to point mutation.There also were the longest 3 AA insert,2 AA deletion,and 3 AA or more continuous mutation.The epitope analysis showed that there were 16AA mutations in the 5 epitope regions.Homology analysis show that it had the highest sequence similarity of 99.2％ with HB-HA2015 strain,higher sequence similarity of 98.5％-98.8％ with the domestic and foreign representative strains isolated since 2010,and lower sequence similarity of 93.2％-95.6％ with the traditional strain isolated before 2010;the phylogenetic analysis showed that LN-2015-1 was clustered into the same group with home and abroad variation strain in recent years,and formed a small subgroup with HB-HA2015 at the same time.The evolutionary distance was far from the traditional strains.
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Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-486 (miR-486) expression on the cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI),through direct injection of an adenovirus carrying the miR-486 gene into the myocardium.Methods Totally 120 male rots were divided into 4 groups.Different target materials were infused into the surrounding areas of MI after building a successful disease model.Expression of miR-486 in the surrounding areas of left ventricular MI was detected using real-time PCR at different time points.Cardiac function was measured by cardiac ultrasound at 4 weeks.Using TUNEL,TTC,Masson,and CD31 staining to measure the organic changes in heart tissues.Results The expression of miR-486 in miR-486 group was higher than the other three groups.The expression of miR-486 in the three groups decreased when the time of MI in rats was prolonged.The cardiac function of the miR-486 group was better than that of the MI and AD groups.The MI area in the miR-486 group was smaller than that in the other two groups.Compared to the Sham group,the CVF at the infarct border zone was increased in the MI,Ad,and miR-486 groups.The AI in the MI and Ad groups was significantly increased compared to that in the miR-486 group.MVD was increased in the miR-486 group compared to that in the Sham,MI,and Ad groups.Conclusion miR-486 improved the cardiac function after MI in rats,through lightening collagen deposition,inhibiting apoptosis,and inducing angiogenesis in ischemic regions.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for investigating the nutrition situation of the inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery and promoting the clinical rational use of nutritional support drugs. METHODS:Des-ignated continuous sampling was used to select the inpatients that fit the conditions in the departments of spinal surgery and mini-mally invasive spinal surgery in our hospital from Jan. to Dec. 2013,and the nutritional risk screening 2002 was used to investigate the patients’nutritional risk at admission and upon discharge,the nutritional support during hospitalization were recorded. RE-SULTS:In the 432 enrolled patients,the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 11.57% at admission,12.40% in spinal surgery and 10.44% in minimally invasive spinal surgery;and the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 19.44% upon discharge, 23.60% in spinal surgery,with statistical significance when compared with admission(P0.05). The nutritional support rate of 50 pa-tients with nutritional risk at admission was 88.00%,14.14% of 382 non-risk patients still received a redundant nutritional support. The 44 patients with nutritional risk who received nutritional support had the average calories intake of(9.84±8.10)kJ/(kg·d),in-cluding 10.16% lipids and 9.55% protein;all patients who received nutritional support found no patients with enteral nutrition sup-port. CONCLUSIONS:Inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery suffer a lower incidence of nutritional risk at admission,and a higher incidence of nutritional risk in the former one upon discharge. While some patients who received nutritional support show no indication,and administrations of nutritional support are still debatable,the use of drug is irrational.
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Aim To construct the stable hFcεRIα/RBL-2H3 cell line expressing human FcεRIα( hFcεRIα) . Methods The human FcεRIα gene was obtained by RT-PCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo. Then, the pCI-neo-hFcεRIα vector was transfected into RBL-2H3 cells by lipo-somes, and the transfected cells were screened through G418 fil-tration subsequently. Finally, RT-PCR, Western blot and immu-nofluorescence assay were used to determine the result of trans-fection. Results According to the optimized transfection param-eters, the transfection efficiency reached 75. 38%. The results of Western blot, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR showed that hFcεRIα could be expressed in RBL-2H3 cells successfully. Conclusion HFcεRIα/RBL-2H3 cells were successfully con-structed,which will be the experimental basis for further study on the mechanism of IgE/FcεRI and drugs for allergy diseases.
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This study was aimed to evaluate the effects ofYao-Tong-Ning Capsule (YTNC) whole formula, dissembled YTNC formulas, and their active fractions on cell proliferation, immunity, anti-inflammation and osteocytes repair. According to the formulating principle of YTNC and combinatorial chemistry concepts, six samples were prepared by combining different active fractions. Half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) or half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were applied to evaluate the effects of samples on promoting the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophage (Ana-1) cells, on inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2 in Ana-1 cells, on promoting the cell proliferation induced by IL-1β and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, on influencing synoviocytes proliferation induced by IL-1β, and on promoting the secretion of IL-6, respectively. The interactions among the active fractions in these samples were investigated by comparing the additive EC50 (or IC50) values with their experimental EC50 (or IC50). The results showed that pharmacological activities of the six samples were different in the same cell model. Some pharmacological activities of a few dissembled YTNC formulas were superior or significantly superior to the YTNC whole formula. However, the YTNC whole formula was good at promoting cell immunity, anti-inflammation and osteocytes repair. The YTNC’s vehicle Chinese rice wine played an important role on strengthening the activity of YTNC. It was concluded that the synergistic effects between active fractions in YTNC were the material foundation that YTNC had comprehensive efficacy of strengthening immunity, anti-inflammation and promoting osteocytes repair.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To establish the insulin resistance rat model for evaluating the correlation of omentin-1 level and insulin resistance.METHODS: SPF male Wistar rats ( n =30 ) were randomly divided into normal control group (NC, n=15) and high-fat diet group (HF, n=15).The rats in NC group were fed with basic diet.The insulin resistant model was established by feeding the rats with high-fat diet in HF group.After 10 weeks, 5 rats in each group were as-sessed by the technique of hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp.After the insulin resistant model was successfully estab-lished, the body weight and fasting blood glucose were detected.The concentration of fasting serum omentin-1 was analyzed by ELISA.Fasting serum insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: No difference of fasting blood glucose between the 2 groups was observed.The level of fasting serum insulin in HF group was significantly higher than that in NC group ( P <0.05 ) .The level of serum omentin-1 in HF group were significantly decreased compared with NC group (P<0.01).Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that negative correlations between serum omentin-1 and fasting serum insulin (r=-0.654,P<0.01), serum omentin-1 and free fatty acid (r=-0.446, P<0.05) was found.CONCLU-SION:In rats, serum omentin-1 level began to decrease at insulin resistance stage.As serum omentin-1 level decreased, the basal insulin level increased, indicating that decreased serum omentin-1 level may be an early factor of IR, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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By feeding rats with high-fat diet insulin resistant models were induced.Some of the models were treated with intragastric administration of curcumin,then the effects were evaluated by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique.Curcumin reduced the level of serum resistin and the expression of resistin mRNA in adipose tissue,and thus ameliorated insulin resistance in rats.
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Objective To observe the expression of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in the kidney of type 2 diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and the effect of probucol treatment on thioredoxin system. Methods Thirty male SD rats were divided into control group( C, n = 10), diabetes group ( D, n =10), and probucol treated diabetic group ( P, n = 10). After eight weeks of probucol treatment, the expressions of Trx and Txnip in the kidney of three groups were measured by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Body weight,24 h microalbuminuria( ALB), fasting plasma glucose( FPG), fasting insulin( HNS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde ( MDA ), superoxide dismutase ( SOD ), and catalase (CAT) were determined. Results Compared with group C, Trx was markedly decreased in group P (0. 162 ±0. 008 vs 0. 239 ±0. 006, P＜0.05 ), while Txnip was significantly increased (0. 159±0.003 vs 0. 091 ±0.016, P＜0.05 ). Trx in group P was increased as compared with group D (0. 162 ±0. 008 vs 0. 108 ± 0. 013, P ＜ 0. 05 ), while Txnip was lowered (0. 159±0.003 vs 0. 236±0.009 ,P＜0.05 ). FPG, 24 h ALB, BUN, Cr,and MDA levels in group D were markedly increased as compared with group C (P＜0. 05), while the activity of SOD, CAT, and FINS levels were decreased apparently (P＜0.05). The above markers except for FPG in group P were ameliorated (P＜0. 05 ).Conclusions Probucol attenuated oxidative stress by means of partially restoring Trx function and reducing Txnip expression, and thus played a major role in renoprotection of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.