RESUMO
Background: Pithecellobium dulce is a multipurpose legume tree species of high ecological significance. Several reports indicate existence of huge genetic diversity within the natural population of the species. Various morphological parameters have been used to assess intra species genetic diversity, however, there is no report available so far on diversities in reproductive phenology of P. dulce of semi-arid or arid climate. Methods: The present paper is based on assessment of diversity in flowering phenophases through construction of phenological calendar incorporating temporally observable morpho-phenotypic descriptors for reproductive behaviour of individual trees comprising natural population of the species at designated study sites during a period of three years. The study was carried out during September, 2015 and March, 2019 at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. Data were periodically obtained and statistically analyzed. Results: Majority of trees of flowering stage (89.94%) exhibited normal or winter blooms in which flowering was initiated in almost synchronized manner during December; 10.05% of normal blooming trees inconsistently showed additional early or autumn blooms during either September or October or November; 2.58% of trees exhibited early blooms in which flowering was consistently initiated in the month of September in addition to normal blooms. The overall production and availability of fresh fruits in early-cum-normal episodic blooming trees were greater as compared to only normal blooming trees. Though, the numerical fruit productivity in winter blooms was superior to autumn, the pomometric characteristics were inferior in former in early-cum-normal episodic blooming trees. Conclusion: The methodology is a novel experimental approach to assess diversities in reproductive phenology of seed raised population of high value fruit bearing economically important tree species. The present work explores agronomically valuable variants of P. dulce and also reports causes of appearance of persistent fruits and sporadic in-situ germination of seeds. Based on above findings, the paper also makes evolutionary predictions that how a shift in flowering phenology of P. dulce as exhibited by the elite variants could have long-term implications for reshaping of future landscapes of semi-arid or arid climate. Conclusively, Winter to autumn phenophasic shift in flowering in P. dulce is economically productive, evolutionarily progressive, and environmentally well cued partial retrieval under semi-arid conditions. Moreover, the phenophasic variants could serve as candidate plus trees that deserve out of the season floral management and clonal propagation, thereby the species may get a fillip to status up gradation from minor fruits to major fruit category.
RESUMO
Background: Chronic urticaria is one of the commonest skin disease characterized by rashes or lesions or wheals which may last from one day to six months. psychological disorders have been found associated with quality of life. Poor quality of life may lead to diverse psychological disorders. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess if there is any relation between chronic urticaria and psychological disorders. Methods: This was a cross-sectional type of study conducted at Department of Psychiatry & Department of Dermatology in the FH Medical College, Tundla. Standardized self-assessment psychological questionnaires (General health questionnaires-GHQ-28) were used to assess the mental state of all the participants of both groups. Results: Anxiety was found in 75 group I patients in comparison of 19 subjects of group II healthy subjects. Depression was found in 62 chronic urticaria patients and in 12 healthy subjects of group I and group II respectively (p<0.01). Further, out of 100 chronic urticaria patients, 65 patients were suffering from psychosomatic disorders; whereas, psychosomatic disorders were found in 17 healthy subjects of group II (p<0.01). It is evident from figure 1 that disability in social functions was established in 73 chronic urticaria patients and 15 healthy subjects of group I and group II correspondingly (p<0.01). Conclusion: Findings of the current study conclude that psychological disorders are found as comorbidity in chronic urticaria patients. Therefore, Psychiatrist assistance is unavoidable for the patients suffering from chronic urticaria to avoid as well as treatment of psychological disorders. However, studies on larger population are required to establish relationship between chronic urticaria and psychiatric disorders
RESUMO
A comparative pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, sc) was conducted in probenecid-pretreated (70 mg/kg, orally 1.5 h prior to enrofloxacin administration) lactating goats to assess the effect of probenecid on the kinetics of enrofloxacin. Concentration of enrofloxacin in plasma, milk and urine was estimated by microbiological assay using Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Minimum detection level of enrofloxacin was 0.01 microg/ml. The plasma log concentration versus time curve showed monophasic pattern and followed one compartment open model. Plasma drug concentration was significantly higher during 1-2 h in probenecid-pretreated group. Significantly higher drug concentration in milk was noted at most of the time points, while significantly lower urine drug concentration (0.083-1 h and 5-12 h) were obtained in probenecid-pretreated group. The kinetic parameters (A, B and 3) were significantly higher, while t(1/2)beta, MRT and Vd(area) were significantly lower in probenecid-pretreated group. Probenecid pretreatment decreased the urinary excretion of enrofloxacin, whereas enhanced excretion in milk which could be useful in cases of affections of udder in goats.