Sarcopenia and consumptive syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a public hospital in Northeast Brazil / Sarcopenia y síndrome de emaciación en pacientes infectados por el HIV que reciben terapia antiretroviral en un hospital público en el noreste Brasil

We evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia and wasting syndrome, as well as the associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. We utilized a cross-sectional study evaluating HIV-infected individuals at a university hospital in the Northeast area of Brazil. In 99 patients, sarcopenia was assessed by analysis of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Wasting syndrome was assessed by unintentional weight loss criteria. Demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, as well as clinical and lifestyle variables were also evaluated. The prevalence of sarcopenia in this sample was 18.2% and 33.3% presented severe sarcopenia. Wasting syndrome was identified in 13.1% and 4% presented both conditions. Sarcopenia had higher prevalence in older patients (80.0 vs 4.9%, p= 0.004), among those with diabetes mellitus (50.0 vs 16.1%, p= 0.037), as well as among malnourished individuals (p= 0.003). Wasting syndrome was more prevalent in individuals with a lower level of education (26.3%vs5.4%, p= 0.005), in the lower income tertile (p= 0.041), and a lower CD4+ T cell count (429±450 vs 654±321 cells/mm3, p= 0.045). Sarcopenia and wasting syndrome are still clinical problems present in those using antiretroviral therapy associated with specific conditions in HIV patients.

Se evaluó la prevalencia de la sarcopenia, síndrome de emanciación y factores asociados en pacientes infectados por HIV que recibieron terapia antirretroviral. En la evaluación de las personas infectadas por el HIV se aplicó un diseño de tipo transversal y fue realizado en un hospital universitario en la zona noreste del Brasil. La sarcopenia se evaluó mediante la medición de la masa muscular, la fuerza muscular y el rendimiento físico. El síndrome de emanciación se evaluó mediante criterios de pérdida de peso involuntarios. También se evaluaron las características demográficas, socioeconómicas, antropométricas, así como las variables clínicas y de estilo de vida. La prevalencia de sarcopenia en esta muestra de pacientes fue del 18,2%, y de esta población un tercio presentó sarcopenia grave. El síndrome de emanciación se identificó en el 13,1% de los pacientes y en el 4% de los sujetos que presentaron ambas condiciones. La sarcopenia tenía mayor prevalencia en pacientes de mayor edad (80,0 vs 4,9%, p= 0,004), en las personas con diabetes mellitus (50,0 vs 16,1%, p= 0,037), así como en sujetos desnutridos (p= 0,003). El síndrome de emanciación fue más prevalente en sujetos con un nivel más bajo de educación (26,3% vs 5,4%, p= 0,005), menor tercil de ingresos (p= 0,041), y menor recuento de células TCD4+ (429±450 vs 654±321 células/mm3, p= 0,045). Sarcopenia y síndrome de emanciación son todavía problemas clínicos presentes en aquellos que utilizan la terapia antirretroviral asociada con condiciones específicas en pacientes con HIV.

Síndrome lipodistrófica do HIV e seus fatores associados: um estudo em um hospital universitário / Lipodystrophic syndrome of HIV and associated factors: a study in a university hospital

Resumo O uso de antirretroviral aumentou a sobrevida dos portadores do HIV, porém pode acarretar efeitos colaterais, como a síndrome lipodistrófica. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a frequência da síndrome lipodistrófica e seus fatores associados em pacientes portadores do HIV em uso de terapia antiretroviral. Estudo transversal com pacientes acompanhados ambulatorialmente. A síndrome foi avaliada pela associação de dois parâmetros: emagrecimento periférico através da escala de gravidade de lipodistrofia e acúmulo de gordura central, mensurado pela relação cintura quadril. Para identificar as variáveis associadas foi realizada a análise de Regressão de Poisson. Dos 104 pacientes avaliados, 27,9% apresentaram a síndrome. Após ajuste, ser do sexo feminino (RPajustada = 2,16 IC95%1,43-3,39), ter excesso de peso (RPajustada = 2,23 IC95%1,35-2,65) e um maior tempo de uso dos antirretrovirais (RPajustada = 1,64 IC95%1,16-2,78) permaneceram positivamente associados à síndrome. Por outro lado, foi observada uma associação negativa com a contagem de CD4 £ 350 (RPajustada = 0,39 IC95%0,10-0,97). A alta prevalência da síndrome e sua associação com grupos específicos reforçam a necessidade do adequado acompanhamento e identificação precoce como forma de intervir nos fatores modificáveis.

Abstract The use of antiretroviral drugs has increased the survival of HIV patients, but may have side effects, such as lipodystrophic syndrome. This article aims to identify the frequency of the lipodystrophic syndrome and its associated factors in patients with HIV using antiretroviral therapy. It involved a cross-sectional study with HIV patients, monitored on an outpatient basis. The syndrome was evaluated by the association of two parameters: peripheral weight loss through the lipodystrophy severity scale and central fat accumulation, measured by the hip waist ratio. Poisson regression analysis was performed to identify the associated variables. Of the 104 patients evaluated, 27.9% presented the syndrome. After adjustment, the female sex (PRadjusted = 2.16 CI95% 1.43-3.39), being overweight (PRadjusted = 2.23 CI95% 1.35-2.65) and a longer period of use of antiretrovirals (PRadjusted = 1.64 CI95% 1.16-2.78), remained positively associated with the syndrome. On the other hand, a negative association with CD4 count £ 350 (PRadjusted = 0.39 CI95% 0.10-0.97) was observed The high prevalence of the syndrome and its association with specific groups reinforce the need for adequate follow-up and early identification to intervene in modifiable factors.