Conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre prevenção de queda do paciente cirúrgico à luz do processo de enfermagem / Conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre prevención de caída del paciente quirúrgico a la luz del proceso de enfermería / Nurses' knowledge on fall prevention of surgical patients in the light of the nursing process

Objetivo: compreender o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre prevenção de queda do paciente cirúrgico à luz do processo de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa de natureza exploratório-descritiva, qualitativa, realizada com enfermeiros de um hospital universitário da cidade de Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de fevereiro de 2020, por meio de questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados por análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: Coleta e registro de dados sobre as principais causas de queda do paciente cirúrgico; Diagnóstico de enfermagem risco de quedas; e Planejamento, implementação e avaliação para prevenção de queda no perioperatório. Conclusão: o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre a prevenção de queda no paciente cirúrgico é imprescindível para uma assistência de qualidade, envolvendo o domínio das etapas do processo de enfermagem.

Objetivo: comprender el conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre prevención de caída del paciente quirúrgico a la luz del proceso de enfermería. Método: investigación de naturaleza exploratorio-descriptiva, cualitativa, realizada con enfermeros de un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en el mes de febrero de 2020, por medio de cuestionario y entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados por análisis de contenido temático-categorial. Resultados: emergieron tres categorías: Recolección y registro de datos sobre las principales causas de caída del paciente quirúrgico; Diagnóstico de enfermería riesgo de caídas; y Planificación, implementación y evaluación para prevención de caída en el Perioperatorio. Conclusión: el conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre la prevención de caída en el paciente quirúrgico es imprescindible para una asistencia de calidad, involucrando el dominio de las etapas del proceso de enfermería.

Objective: to understand the knowledge of nurses about fall prevention of surgical patients in the light of the nursing process. Method: exploratory-descriptive, qualitative research conducted with nurses from a university hospital in the city of Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Data collection took place in February 2020, through a questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed by thematic-categorical content analysis. Results: three categories emerged: Data collection and recording on the main causes of fall of the surgical patient; Nursing diagnosis risk of falls; and Planning, implementation and evaluation for fall prevention in the Perioperatory. Conclusion: the knowledge of nurses about the prevention of falls in the surgical patient is essential for quality care, involving the mastery of the stages of the nursing process.

Coronavirus pandemic in light of nursing theories / Pandemia de coronavirus a la luz de las teorias de enfermeira / Pandemia pelo coronavírus à luz de teorias de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the interface between the Coronavirus pandemic and nursing theories. Method: theoretical-reflective assay, anchored in the theoretical constructs of Dorothea Orem, Florence Nightingale and Callista Roy. Results: in the interface with Orem, the professional, based on the nursing systems, offers health education for the virus prevention, the conduct of home isolation and in high complexity assistance when there is worsening of COVID19; with Nightingale, it is revealed the importance of environmental sanitation, ventilation, personal and domestic cleaning and the surrounding areas; with Roy, focal stimuli are perceived such as the symptoms of COVID19, contextual stimuli related to comorbidities, and residual stimuli, concerning to work stress due to high viral transmission and lack of protective equipment. Final Considerations: nurses can use the theoretical framework of nursing theories as tools to guide their care in this pandemic situation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la interfaz entre la pandemia de coronavirus y las teorías de enfermería. Método: ensayo teórico-reflexivo anclado en los constructos teóricos de Dorothea Orem, Florence Nightingale y Callista Roy. Resultados: en la interfaz con Orem, el profesional, basado en sistemas de enfermería, ofrece educación en salud para la prevención del virus, manejo en aislamiento domiciliario y asistencia de alta complejidad cuando se presenta un agravamiento de COVID-19; con Nightingale, se revela la importancia del saneamiento ambiental, la ventilación, la limpieza personal y doméstica y de los alrededores; con Roy, se perciben los estímulos focales como los síntomas de COVID-19, los estímulos contextuales relacionados con las comorbilidades y los estímulos residuales relacionados con el estrés laboral por la alta transmisibilidad viral y el insuficiente equipo de protección. Consideraciones finales: los enfermeros pueden utilizar el marco teórico de las teorías de enfermería como herramientas para orientar su atención en esta situación pandémica.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a interface entre a pandemia pelo coronavírus e as teorias de enfermagem. Método: ensaio teórico-reflexivo, ancorado nos constructos teóricos de Dorothea Orem, Florence Nightingale e Callista Roy. Resultados: na interface com Orem, o profissional, com base nos sistemas de enfermagem, oferece educação em saúde para prevenção ao vírus, manejo no isolamento domiciliar e assistência de alta complexidade, quando há o agravamento da COVID-19; com Nightingale, se desvela a importância do saneamento ambiental, ventilação, limpeza pessoal, doméstica e das áreas circunvizinhas; com Roy, se percebem os estímulos focais como os sintomas da COVID-19, estímulos contextuais relacionados às comorbidades, e estímulos residuais concernentes ao estresse laboral pela alta transmissibilidade virótica e insuficiência de equipamentos de proteção. Considerações Finais: o enfermeiro pode utilizar o arcabouço teórico das teorias de enfermagem como ferramentas para nortear o seu cuidado nesta conjuntura pandêmica.

Improvement of bone repair in diabetic rats subjected to ƛ780 nm low-level laser therapy

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on bone healing in diabetic rats.METHODS: Bone cavities (19 mm diameter) were performed in the femur of 72 alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which were assigned into four groups: CTR (non-diabetic control), DBT (diabetic) CTRL (non-diabetic irradiated) and DBTL (diabetic irradiated). Low-level laser therapy was performed every 48h for seven days. Animals were euthanized at seven, 18 and 30 days. Alkaline phosphatase serum levels and bone repair were analyzed.RESULTS: Low-level laser therapy significantly increased alkaline phosphatase in at seven and 18 days (p<0.001), and improved bone healing at seven (p<0.01), 18 (p<0.05) and 30 (p<0.01) in diabetic animals. In addition, bone healing in irradiated diabetic group was statistically similar to control group at 30 days (p>0.05).CONCLUSION:Low-level laser therapy increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and improved bone healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Immunohistochemical profile of stromal constituents and lymphoid cells over the course of wound healing in murine model

PURPOSE: To assess the evolution profile of the immunohistochemical expression of stromal constituents over the time-course of wound healing in a murine model. METHODS: Surgical wounds were performed in the back of 24 Wistar rats. After three, seven, 14 and 21 days, six rats were euthanized and the wounded histologically processed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of CD3, CD20, CD31, α-SMA and type-I collagen. Non-injured skin samples (NSS) were used as control. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS: The mean of CD3 and CD20 positive cells in the wounds was significantly higher than in NSS at seven and 14 days (p<0.001). The blood vessels content was significantly lower than in NSS (p<0.05) at three days, but increased at seven and 14 days (p<0.01). The mean of α-SMA positive cells at seven, 14 and 21 days was higher than in NSS (p<0.05). The relative content of type I collagen increased from three to 21 days, but remained lower than in NSS (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoid cells, myofibroblasts and microvessels contents varied over the time-course of wound healing, with peak at seven days and progressive reduction until 21 days. The type I collagen content increased over time. .

Bioassay-guided evaluation of wound healing effect of fatty acids-incorporated collagen-based films

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of fatty acids-incorporated collagen-based dressing films on wound healing in rodents. METHODS: Therefore, surgical wounds were performed in the back of 80 Wistar rats, and dressed with collgane-based films (COL), and collagen-based films containing fatty acids (AGEF50 and AGEF100). Undressed wounds were regarded as controls (CTR). The animals were euthanized after three, seven, 14 and 21 days, and the macroscopic wound contraction rates (WRC) were assessed. The wounded area was also analyzed by conventional and polarized light microscope. RESULTS: No sign of abscess or hypertrophic scar formation was observed in none of the groups. At seven days, the WRR of AGEF50 was significantly higher than CTR (p<0.01), whereas at 14 days, both AGE 50 and AGE100 showed a significant increase of the WRR compared to CTR (p<0.001) and COL (p<0.01). Both films promoted increased influx of neutrophils at three days (p<0.01), but reduced significantly the mononuclear infiltrate at 14 days (p<0.05). It was also observed earlier maturation of the granulation tissue, full epithelization and cutaneous appendages development, as well as better collagenization, in AGEF50 and AGEF100. CONCLUSION: The application of AGEF50/100 as wound dressing improved wound healing in rodents.