Hepatic expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 and cell cycle p53 protein in chronic hepatitis C [a histopathological and immunohistochemical study]

To evaluate hepatic expression of the nuclear proliferative marker Ki-67 and the cell cycle marker p53 oncoprotein in chronic hepatitis C in relation to the advanced stages of liver fibrosis in HCV positive Egyptian patients. Paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens were studied from 21 untreated patients with chronic HCV infection. All patients were HCV antibody positive, as determined by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Patients having other etiologies for chronic liver disease including HBV infection were not included in this study. Liver biopsies were obtained percutaneous. All biopsies were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned by microtome with a thickness of 5 ?m. Routine specimen processing involved staining slides with hematoxylin and eosin [5 levels], Masson's trichrome stain [5 levels], for a total of 10 levels per specimen All levels were screened. All specimens were examined by two pathologists, and classified by consensus for all abnormal histological findings. The histological activity index [or histological grade] was determined using Ishak grading scheme22 expressed as a semiquantitative score for portal inflammation [0-4], lobular activity sporadic lytic foci [0-4] and parenchymal confluent necrosis [0-6], and piecemeal necrosis[0-4]. The extent of fibrosis [or histological stage] was determined using Ishak score [0-6]. Steatosis was scored according to Keliner et al 2005, from grade 0 to 3; where S0 = no steatosis or less than 5% [low or medium power evaluation] of parenchymal involvement by fatty changes, S1 [mild] = 5%-33%, S2 [moderate] = >33%-66% and S3 [severe] > 66% of the hepatocytes are involved by fatty changes. Expression of p53 and Ki67 were determined by immunohistochemistry, using avidin-biotin-peroxidase. Liver histology: The studied group [n = 21] involved 16 males and 5 females [male to female ratio 3.3:1]. The histopathological findings of HCV infection, including portal lymphoid infiltration, periportal piecemeal necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration of the lobules, hepatocellular necrosis, steatosis and fibrosis, were studies. The age ranged from 31 to 59 years old with mean of 44.86 +/- 8.74, males 76.2%, females 23.8% .P53 expression was positive in 52.4% and negative in 47.6%. cytoplasmic localization dominated over nuclear expression. Ki 67 was negative in 81% of cases and positive in19% of cases, all cases in stage 6 were positive for p53 while there were no difference in the other stages of fibrosis, and this relation was statistically significant. There was no relation between the grade of necro-inflammation and the expression of p53, and this result was statistically non significant.There was a relation between the percent of steatosis and the expression of p53 as percent of positivity increases with the increase of the percent of steatosis, and this result was statistically significant using independent sample t test and regression test.All negative cases for P53 have negative Ki67 but this rule is not applied on positive cases for P53, and this relation was not statistically significant. There was no relation between the grade of necro-inflammation and the expression of Ki67, and this result was statistically non significant. Hepatic expression of the nuclear proliferative marker Ki-67 and the cell cycle marker p53 oncoprotein in chronic hepatitis C in relation to advanced stages of liver fibrosis in HCV positive patients are expressed in a considerable present of cases which should be cansdidates for follow up for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Study of IL-10 and Il-18 levels in relation to different stages of liver fibrosis in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C infected patients

Most acute and chronic liver diseases are characterized by inflammatory processes with enhanced expression of various pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. These cytokines are the driving force of many inflammatory liver disorders often resulting in fibrosis and cirrhosis. This work aimed to identify the role of serum IL-10 and IL-18 in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C in different grades and stages of HCV patients and correlate their levels to the necroinflammatory grade and stage of fibrosis. A prospective study on [55] HCV infected patients 43 males and 12 females, their age ranged from 20 to 55 years with a mean of 41.3 year and [20] age and sex matched control [HCV-ve] from National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute clinics, from whom consents were taken. The patients included in this study were those originally enrolled on protocol for treatment [interferon + ribavirin] where liver biopsy was required for eligibility of treatment according to the approved protocol. 5ml of blood was collected at the same day of biopsy for assessment of IL-10 and IL-18 levels in blood [ELISA technique]. Serum level of IL-18 was significantly higher in patients with chronic HCV [126.80 +/- 11.76 pg/ml] as compared to control group [45.97 +/- 5.26 pg/ml]; the level was even higher in cases with hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in patients with early fibrosis than in patients with advanced fibrosis., it was also higher in case with minimal to mild necro-inflammatory grade than in cases with moderate to severe grades, but that difference was not significant. As regards serum IL-10, the level was also higher in patients with chronic HCV [9.24 +/- 1.9 pg/ml] than control group [3.28 +/- 1.81 pg/ml]. Serum IL-10 level was significantly lower in early than advanced stages [P=0.04]. When classifying cases according to necro-inflammatory grade the IL-10 level was lower in minimal/mild cases than moderate /severe cases, but this difference wasn't statistically significant. Serum concentrations of IL-10 and IL18 could be correlated to the histopathological spoilage of the liver as they can predict the stage of fibrosis and hence can be used as indirect markers to assess the severity of liver disease in HCV infected patients. They can also be used as complementary markers in HCC patients