RESUMO
Objective: To determine the efficacy of Vitamin D supplementation in achieving an early sputum conversion in vitamin D deficient smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done at Mayo hospital Lahore from November 2015 to August 2016. One hundred twenty patients with sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were selected and randomized to Group-A [taking anti-tuberculous therapy [ATT] only] and Group-B [taking ATT with Vitamin D supplementation]. Four doses of100,000 IU of Vitamin D injection intramuscularly were given after every 14 days during intensive-phase. Sputum examination was repeated at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th weeks. Efficacy of treatment in terms of early sputum conversion between both groups was tested using Chi square and independent sample t-test was applied to compare mean values of serum vitamin D before and after treatment. P-value . 0.05 was considered as significant
Results: The mean age of patients was 37.18 +/- 6.81 years in Group-A and 39.02 +/- 7.56 years in Group-B. There were 63 [52.50%] males and 57 [47.50%] females. The mean serum Vitamin D was 17.07 +/- 1.44 in Group-A and 17.23 +/- 2.37 in Group-B at baseline and at 12th week, the levels were 21.77 +/- 2.23 in Group-A and 29.24 +/- 0.72 in Group-B. In Group-A, 7 [11.7%] patients showed positive sputum examination and in Group-B, only one [1.7%] patient had positive sputum examination at 12th week. The difference was statistically significant [p-value= 0.028]
Conclusion: Four doses of intramuscular vitamin D given after every 14 days corrected vitamin D deficiency and improved the rate of sputum smear conversion in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis
RESUMO
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] in patients with nephropathy [i.e. Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1 to 3] and to compare the mean magnesium levels in diabetic nephropathic patients and non-diabetic nephropathic patients
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital Lahore from August 2014 to February 2015. Using non-probability purposive sampling 200 nephropathic [Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1 to 3] patients were selected. Patients were assessed for T2DM and divided in two groups on the basis of presence or absence of DM. Magnesium levels were recorded in both groups. Percentages, mean, standard deviation and unpaired t-test was used to assess the data. SPSS was used for analysis of information
Results: Total number of cases were 200, 43.5% [n=87] out of them were between 25-50 years of age while 56.5% [n=113] patients were between 51-70 years. The Mean+SD was calculated to be 51.38+11.51 years, The male patients were 48.5 %[ n=109] while 51.5 %[ n=91] were females. The frequency of DM in patients with nephropathy was 25.5% [n=51]
Comparison of mean magnesium levels in nephropathic patients with and without diabetes was done. The results showed nephropathic patients having diabetes had 1.54+0,301 mg/dL magnesium levels while cases without diabetes had 1.92+0.313 mg/dL levels of magnesium, p value was calculated as 0.001 showing a significant difference between the two groups
Conclusion: The frequency of diabetes mellitus is higher among patients with nephropathy while on comparison of mean magnesium levels, nephropathic patients with diabetes had significant lower levels of magnesium as compared to without diabetes
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Magnésio/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Insuficiência Renal CrônicaRESUMO
Objective: To measure the correlation between microalbuminuria and serum uric acid level in Type-2 diabetic nephropathy
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in department of Medicine, Mayo hospital Lahore from August 2014 to February 2015. A total of 200 patients with Type-2 diabetic nephropathy were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and contact details were obtained. Serum Uric acid and microalbuminuria by albumin to creatinine ratio [ACR] in random urine sample was measured at the time of inclusion of patients. All the information was collected through a pre-defined proforma. Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were used to assess correlation and significance respectively
Results: Out of 200 cases, 29%[n=58] were between 16-40 years of age while 71%[n=142] were between 41- 65 years of age, Mean +/- SD was calculated as 48.1+/-10.26 years, 48.5%[n=97] were male and 51.5%[n=103] were females, Mean serum uric acid level was calculated as 6.99+/-1.01 mg/dL while microalbuminuria was calculated as 5.63+/-1.08 mg/mmol, r value was 0.0838 which is a positive correlation
Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that level of serum uric acid and microalbuminuria are significantly correlated to nephropathy in patients having Type-2 diabetes mellitus
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It is uncommon, but not rare condition with 'exact frequency unknown. Evans syndrome is a co-existence of simultaneous or sequential direct comb's positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia with immune mediated thrombocytopenia with no known underlying etiology. The typical course is chronic and relapsing and therapy generally progressive and poor
RESUMO
Background: Chronic liver disease is very common in Pakistan and so are its complications. It carries a high mortality and morbidity. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism either due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The major mechanism for diabetes to occur in cirrhotics appears to be insulin resistance which is related to fibrosis score. Liver inflammation or damage of liver may affect the metabolism of insulin
Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the percentage of people who develop diabetes mellitus after developing chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C
Method: 100 patients presenting to medical wards of Mayo hospital, Lahore were studied. Patients of chronic liver disease and diabetes mellitus were selected on the basis of history, examination and laboratory investigations which included liver function tests, anti HCV, serum albumin, prothrombin time, abdominal ultrasound, gastroscopy, fasting and random blood sugar levels
Results: It was found that out of 100 selected patients 32 [32%] had diabetes mellitus; 24 were males while 8 were females. All of these patients developed diabetes mellitus after developing cirrhosis due to hepatitis C infection
Conclusion: The principle conclusion of the study was that patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C had significantly higher proportion of diabetes mellitus than general population