Mammographic and sonographic features in carcinoma breast

The most common malignant disease among the females is carcinoma breast. Its management requires team effort, in which modern imaging techniques play an important rote, in diagnosis and assessing the severity of disease. A total number of 71 patients were studied from 01 January 2000 to 30 August 2001 at CMH Rawalpindi. The age range was 19-65 years. Duration of disease ranged from 2-6 months. Sixty three patients were married and eight were unmarried. On mammogram, the lesion pick up rate was 88%, that is 62 out of 71 patients. Mostly the lesion appeared as dense irregular mass. False negative cases were seen in patient s with dense glandular breasts. On ultrasound, lesion pick up rate was 93%, that is 66 out of 71 patients. In most of cases lesion appeared as solid hypoechoeic or heterogeneous mass with irregular margins and posterior shadowing. It is concluded that when the mammography and sonography are used simultaneously the diagnostic yield is very high, that is, in 85% of cases, there is agreement of findings. It is also concluded that the mammographic and sonographic features of Ca breast are not 100% diagnostic and false negative cases do exist

Role of CT scan in meningitis: a hospital based study

To document the features of meningitis and to evaluate the complications of meningitis on computed tomography, Combined Military Hospital and Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, patients of all ages and sex with clinical and / or laboratory diagnosis of meningitis were studied. Computed tomography [CT] scan brain was done before and after intra- venous contrast administration. CT scan brain was normal in 16 [23%] patients and abnormal in 54 [77%]. Exaggerated meningeal enhancement was the most common feature of meningitis, seen in 85.12% cases. Most common site of pathological meningeal enhancement was tentorium cerebelli followed by basal cisterns and sylvian fissure. Hydrocephalus of varying degrees in 66.66%, cerebral infarction in 46.29%, cerebritis in 31.48%, Transependymal cerebro spinal fluid [CSF] leak in 29.92%, tuberculoma in 12.96%, cerebral atrophy in 7.43% and subdural effusion was seen in 1.8% patients. CT scan has been proved helpful in diagnosis and evaluation of the complications of meningitis