Correlation between glycated haemoglobin levels and random blood glucose

Glycated haemoglobin or glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c] is a form of haemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Levels of HbA1c represent the average blood glucose levels of diabetic patients over the previous 120 days. The objective of this study was to see the correlation between HbA1c levels and random glucose levels. This descriptive study included 106 randomly selected patients with known diabetes from the outpatients department. Random sugar levels were measured by using venous blood samples. HbA1c levels were measured in venous blood by BIO-RAD D-10 HPLC Method. Data were recorded on a proforma. Pearson's correlation was applied to find out any significant correlation between the glycated haemoglobin levels and the random blood glucose levels. Results were plotted on simple scatter plot and p<0.01 was considered significant. A significant linear positive correlation exists between levels of HbA1c and random blood sugar

Frequencies of congenital anomalies among newborns admitted in nursery of Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan

Congenital anomalies play a significant role in perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The frequency of these congenital anomalies varies in different populations. Objective of this study was to find out the frequencies of congenital anomalies admitted in nursery of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study all patients admitted in NICU from October 2009 to January 2010 were included. The patients were examined for major and minor congenital anomalies. The observations were recorded in tabulated form. A total of 2,360 patients were admitted in NICU during the study period. One hundred patients were noted to have congenital anomalies. The most frequent anomalies involved the central nervous system [31%]. Meningomyelocele was the commonest defect [71%, 22 out of 31 cases of CNS defects], among these males were more [77%, 17 out of 22 of meningomyelocele cases] than females [14 out of 31]. These were followed by patients born with congenital heart defects [16%]. Patients with urogenital anomalies [6%] were all male except for one who had ambiguous genitalia. Cases of meningomyelocele were the commonest presenting congenital anomaly. More stress should be laid on the role of peri-conceptional vitamin supplementation like folic acid for the primary prevention of congenital defects

Unusual presentation of hydronephrosis, case report

A 15 year old boy having gross abdominal distension of long duration, presented with sudden deterioration of the general condition He was initially diagnosed as a case of gross ascites but investigations proved it to be a case of unusual presentation of right sided hydronephrosis secondary to pelviureteric junction obstruction. The patient was operated and right ided nephrectomy was performed