Cutaneus manifestations of diabetes in diabetic patient presenting in outdoor

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of skin manifestations in diabetic patients. Cross sectional study. Outpatient Department of Nishter Hospital Multan during the period from 1-6-2006 to 1-6-2007. One hundred and fifty-one type-2 diabetic patients [106 women and 45 men] attending an outpatient clinic were included in this study. All patients were then asked about any skin problems they might have and subsequently all were examined, regardless of their response. A total of 36 dermatologic disease entities were categorized. Information regarding age, sex, and the presenting disorders was recorded. The overall prevalence of one or more identifiable/apparent skin conditions was 85.4%. The most common skin conditions were infections [31.7%] [mostly mycoses], non-Candidal intertrigo [20.5%], eczemas [15.2%] [mostly neurodermatitis], psoriasis [11.2%], diabetic dermopathy [11.2%], and prurigo [9.9%]. According to sex, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of skin disorders. This study shows that skin cenditions are common in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, frequent dermatologic evaluation of these diabetic patients is warranted

Frequency of hepatitis-C virus infection in patients on maintenance haemodialysis in Nishtar Hospital Multan

To determine the frequency of hepatitis-C virus infection in patients on maintenance haemodialysis in Nishtar Hospital Multan. Simple descriptive cross sectional. Thirty patients of maintenance haemodialysis for atleast six months twice daily haemodialysis were included. From April 2003 to March 2004. Thirty patients out of whom 20 were male and 10 were female. Patients between the age of 16 to 60 were included in the study. All the patients were on haemodialysis for more than six months and were receiving dialysis therapy twice week. Diagnosis of HCV infection was made by detection of HCV antibody with the help of kit. Name of the kit used was ACON hepatitis C Virus Rapid Test Strip [Serum]. This was a qualitative membrane based immunoassay for the detection of antibody to HCV in serum. Frequency of anti HCV among patients of maintenance haemodialysis was found to be 26.7% [8/30]. Role of different risk factors for the transmission of HCV during haemodialysis were quite conclusive. History of blood transfusion and duration of haemodialysis were the main factors in transmission of anti HCV to the patients of maintenance haemodialysis. The Frequency of anti HCV among patients on maintenance haemodialysis was 36.7%