In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Combined Time and pH- Dependent Oral Colonic Targeted Prednisolone Microspheres.

Aims: to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect as well as oral absorption of prednisolone (PR), through formulation of colonic targeted microspheres prepared from a blend of time and pH- dependent polymers and loaded with PR. Study Design: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Combined Time and pH- Dependent Oral Colonic Targeted Prednisolone Microspheres. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt between June 2011 and October 2012. Methodology: Microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method using different ethyl cellulose (EC) and Eudragit® S-100 (ES100) ratios with 0.5 and 1% w/v span® 80 as emulsifier. The microspheres were evaluated for surface morphology, particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency % and in vitro drug release at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The antiinflammatory activity of selected formula was compared to that of conventional PR tablets. Results: A decrease in drug entrapment efficiency % was obtained with increasing both polymers and surfactant concentrations. Based on drug release results, the formula of 1: 1: 0.16 w/w/w, EC: ES100: PR ratio with 1% w/v span® 80 was selected for further histopathological evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity in colitis induced-rats. Histopathological study showed undefined tissue necrosis after treatment with the selected microspheres; however, diffused necrosis was observed in rats treated with the commercial tablets. In vivo absorption study showed that values of Cmax and AUC0-24 of both formulations were insignificantly different. However, the occurrence of Cmax of microspheres was significantly delayed in comparison to free drug (9.17 to 2.67hr) (P<.001). Conclusion: This study has supplied us with brightening results concerning the therapeutic efficacy of a blend of time and pH- dependent polymers colonic targeted microspheres.

[ effectiveness of feedback developing educational plan in kindergarten stage]

1. Developing the educational plan in kindergarten stage. 2. Realization of kindergarten stage educators of components of the god educational plan. The study utilizes the experimental method. The sample consists of [30 students educators], taken from Faculty of Education, department of kindergarten, aged from [4- 23 yrs. Old], and divided randomly into six groups. 1. Academic Achievement Test. 2. Family Socio-economic Level Scale. 3. Feedback Methods. 4. Model of evaluating the Educational Plan in Kindergarten. The study comes out that female educators use methods of feedback in field classes, relying on structural evaluation results, in addition to supervisor orientations and observations, in attempt to modify the daily plan components [behavioral objectives-activities-educational tools-evaluation activities]. The plan should cope with changing and current incidents

[Intussusception in adults. About 13 cases]

This study was retrospectif. The authors analyse the clinical, etiological and therapeutic aspects of the intestinal intussusception based on 13 adults observed over 14 years in the surgical departement of the university hospital in Monastir. This disease was rare because accounted for 2,6% of all cases of intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis was made in the majority of cases during the operation [8/13]. Abdominal pain was noted in all cases. The underlying pathologic processes were identified in 69%. Operation was required in every case. During the surgery, the lead point was identified in the small bowel in 12 cases and in the colon in one case. An intestinal tumor was found in four patients [39%], only one of which was malignant. Adult intussusception is an unsual cause of abdominal pain and bowel obstruction. It requires preoperative diagnosis. Operative management is always necessary because this condition is almost always secondary to definable lesion

Aspects psychologiques et oarticularites du soin chez l' hemodialyse

Chronic renal failure and periodic hemodialysis, by the physical reach and the therapeutic imperatives that they mislead disrupt by several ways the universe of the patient. This one is confronted to changes, or even to aggressions that undergo his body, his domestic and socio professionnal life, which is accepted in general with difficulty. Indeed, our survey that concerned 109 patients on chronic hemodialysis shows that the minor psychiatric pathology is frequent and can represent a source of problems as well for the patients that for the medical and nursing staff. Besides the analysis of minor psychiatric specificities revealed by a known measure instrument [the GHQ], this work insists on the importance to take account of this aspects with the aim to enhance management and holistic care of these patients