Impacts of morphine addiction on spermatogenesis in rats

Background: There are numerous investigations on wide range of issues that disrupt regulatory spermatogenesis, individuals who are exposed to drug abuse faced infertility and immature spermatogenesis

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the addiction effects of morphine and its derivatives on rats spermatogenesis

Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, which were exposed either with intravenous morphine, naloxone, naloxone and morphine, sham [with normal saline injection] and a control group without infusion. Spermatogenesis was assessed after three months via histological sections with hematoxylin and eosin staining, using a light microscope based on measurement of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa

Results: Those rats that received opioids had changes in spermatogenesis function. The population of spermatogenesis cycle cells at spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa stages was significantly decreased in those rats that received opioid in comparison to the control group [p<0.05]. Histological studies revealed that changes in different groups of opioid application might affect sperm formation. Sperm count in morphine group was [0+/-0] and in naloxone group, naloxone+morphine, sham and control were 235+/-3.77, 220+/-3.81, 247.12+/-6.10 and 250+/-6.54, respectively [p<0.001]

Conclusion: Morphine could affect all spermatogenesis stages

[Teratogenic effects of caffeine and clomipramine on rat fetus]

Obsessive-compulsive disorders and depression have a high prevalence during pregnancy; therefore, pregnant women may take clomipramine and also take other drugs or consume foods that contain caffeine. As investigations about the teratogenic effects of clomipramine and its concurrent administration with caffeine during organogenesis period are scarce, we aimed to study the teratogenicity of simultaneous administration of clomipramine and caffeine in rat fetus. After dividing 42 pregnant rats to several case and control groups, we injected different doses of caffeine and clomipramine to the animals. All the injections were performed on the eighth until the 15th day of pregnancy. We removed the fetuses on the 17th day of pregnancy and studied the morphological features and apparent anomalies of the fetuses macroscopically. We found a significant rate of mortality, apparent anomalies, abnormal torsion, shrinkage of skin and subcutaneous bleeding in fetuses of rats receiving high doses of caffeine or a combination of caffeine and clomipramine. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant increase [P

Effect of trolox addition to cryopreservation media on human sperm motility

Sperm parameters and motion kinetics are affected by cryopreservation. The main purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of Trolox as an antioxidant to freezing-thawing procedure on human sperm kinematic parameter. Semen was collected from 20 normal donors and divided into five aliquots prior to cryopreservation. The first aliquot was analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis [CASA]. Other aliquots were mixed with cryo-protective agent containing 0, 20, 40, and 80 micro mol Trolox and treated samples were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. After two weeks samples were thawed and sperm motion kinematics was measured by CASA. Percent motility [Mot], curvilinear velocity [VCL], straight-line velocity [VSL], average path velocity [VAP], linearity [LIN], and amplitude of lateral head displacement [ALH] were compared before and after freeze. Addition of 40 micro mol Trolox resulted in significantly higher [p<0.05] post thaw VCL, VSL and VAP compared to other groups. Therefore the percentage of post thaw motile spermatozoa were significantly higher [p<0.01]. The supplementation of Trolox significantly improved the post-thawed human semen quality, especially progressive motility and average path velocity