Mucormicosis Rinocerebral asociado a Cetoacidosis diabética / Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis associated to diabetic ketoacidosis

Mucormycosis is an infrequent fungal infection This infection is difficult to diagnose and treat and have a high morbility and mortality and affects immunocompromised patients, especially those patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus. We report the case of a 60 years old diabetic patient with poor metabolic control who was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis and days later present right periorbital swelling and pain, is diagnosed of mucomycosis and is successfully treated with amphoterin B and surgery.

Micronucleated lymphocytes in parents of Down syndrome children

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common disease due to an autosomal aneuploidy in live born children and also the major known genetic cause of mental retardation. The risk of a DS pregnancy increases substantially with increasing maternal age. However, several women aged less than 35 years at conception have a child with DS. The micronucleus (MN) assay can identify chromosome breakage or chromosome malsegregation and is an ideal biomarker to investigate genomic instability. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of peripheral lymphocytes with MN in the parents of DS individuals. The subjects were 17 couples, 1 father and 9 mothers, and 24 couples who had at least one healthy child formed the control group. For each individual we evaluated the frequency of binucleated micronucleated lymphocytes (BNMN%) as number of binucleated lymphocytes containing one or more MN per 1000 binucleated cells. The mean age of DS parents and controls was 32.6 and 29.8 years, respectively. The frequency of MN in DS parents was significantly higher compared to controls. The higher frequency of MN in DS parents suggests a higher predisposition of DS parents to aneuploidy events in this sample.

Reparación del prolapso anterior por vía vaginal con malla subvesical sin tensión: técnica quirúrgica / Anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair with subvesical tension free mesh: surgical technique

El prolapso de la pared anterior de la vagina es una patología muy frecuente queocasiona gran impacto en la calidad de vida de las mujeres que lo padecen. Es sabidoque la reparación quirúrgica tradicional del cistocele presenta altas tasas de recidiva.Por esta razón y gracias a los conceptos de la biocirugía, se han desarrollado variadastécnicas quirúrgicas utilizando mallas de polipropileno para disminuir su recurrencia.Se presenta a continuación la descripción de la técnica quirúrgica utilizando una mallade polipropileno y ácido poliglactínico, colocada sin tensión ni fijación para la reparacióndel prolapso anterior grado II y III.

Anterior vaginal wall prolapse is a very frecquent entity has a very impact on quality of life. Classic cistocele repair has a very high relapse rate. For this reason, and to avoid repair failure, many surgical techniques have evolved using polipropylene meshes. We report our surgical technique using a tension free polypropylene and poliglactin acid mesh for grade II and III anterior wall prolapse.

Reparación del cistocele por vía vaginal con malla subvesical sin tensión: técnica y resultados / Tension-free vaginal mesh repair for anterior vaginal wall prolapse: technique and outcomes

Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia y tolerancia de la interposición de una malla de polipropileno monofilamento colocada sin tensión por vía vaginal bajo la vejiga para la corrección quirúrgica del cistocele, evaluando sus resultados anatómicos postoperatorios, la mejoría en la calidad de vida y sus complicaciones a mediano plazo. Pacientes y Método: El ensayo incluyó a 28 mujeres consecutivas (edad promedio 64 años), portadoras de cistocele grado II o III según la clasificación POP-Q, quienes fueron intervenidas entre septiembre de 2004 y octubre de 2006. Después de una completa disección de la vejiga y plicatura de la fascia perivesical, se labraron 2 túneles laterales hasta perforar la fascia endopélvica a cada lado; luego se configuró la malla de polipropileno monofilamento (Ginemesh®), dimensionada con un cuerpo central y dos ramas laterales, posicionándola sin tensión ni fijación bajo la vejiga, introduciendo y abandonando sus extensiones laterales hacia el espacio paravesical. Del total de la serie, 8 pacientes tenían cistocele G II (29 por ciento) y 20 tenían prolapso G III (71 por ciento); 11 mujeres presentaban además IOE (39 por ciento). El promedio de duración de la cirugía fue de 30 minutos. Como evaluación del resultado anatómico se utilizó la clasificación POP-Q. Para evaluar la satisfacción personal objetiva se usó el cuestionario validado de calidad de vida (I-QOL) al 3º, 6º y 12º mes post cirugía. El promedio de seguimiento fue de 18 meses (10-36).Resultados: La cirugía fue realizada sin problemas en todas las pacientes. La tasa de complicaciones tempranas fue de 7 por ciento (una erosión vaginal y 1 hematoma severo). No se reportó infección de la malla. La tasa de éxito fue de un 93 por ciento. Al sexto mes, el índice de satisfacción en la calidad de vida fue de 89 por ciento, al 12º mes fue de 86 por ciento...

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and tolerance of the introduction of a vaginal tension-free monofilament polypropylene mesh placed under the bladder for the surgical correction of cystocele. Patients and Methods: The trial included 28 consecutive women mean age 64 years), with diagnosis of grade II - III cystocele based on POP-Q classification, who were operated between September2004 and October 2006. Surgical technique include a complete dissection of the bladder and fixation of perivesical fascia. Two laterals tunnels were developed to pierce the lateral side of the endopelvic fascia at either side. Then a designed monofilament polypropylene mesh (Ginemesh ®), was placed without any tension free the bladder, positioning their lateral extensions into paravesical space. We evaluated the postoperative anatomical results, improvement in the quality of life and mid-terms complications. Results: Of the total series, 8 patients had G II cystocele (29 percent) and 20 had G III prolapse (71 percent ), 11women had also SUI (39 percent). Mean operative time for surgery was 30 minutes. Anatomical results were objectively measured with POP-Q classification. Evaluate of personal satisfaction was done by application of a validated questionnaire of quality of life (I-QOL) that was full filled at 3, 6 and 12months post surgery. Mean follow-up of the series was 18 months (10-36). No operative complication occurred. Early complication rate was 7 percent (a vaginal erosion and severe bruising ). No infection was reported in the mesh. The success rate for the series was 93 percent. At the sixth month, the rate of satisfaction in the quality of life was has been 89 percent and 86 percent at 12 months...

Nefrectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal video asistida: resultados de nuestra experiencia inicial / Transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy: inicial experience

Desde la introducción de la laparoscopía avanzada en urología, se han descrito distintos abordajes video asistidos por vía transperitoneal y lumboscópica en el tratamiento del cáncer renal etapa T1 y para la nefrectomía por causa no oncológica. En la actualidad la cirugía laparoscópica en tumores renales órgano confinados y riñones hipofuncionantes se ha transformado en una alternativa superior a la cirugía abierta tradicional, considerando que posee una menor morbilidad peri operatoria y la misma seguridad oncológica. Objetivos: Describir la experiencia inicial de nuestro Servicio en una serie consecutiva de pacientes, sometidos a nefrectomía radical laparoscópica transperitoneal por cáncer renal estadio T1, y nefrectomía total transperitoneal por causa no oncológica, evaluando el tiempo de duración quirúrgico, complicaciones peri operatorias, estadía intrahospitalaria y dolor post operatorio. Pacientes y Método: Nuestra serie prospectiva se constituyó por 21 pacientes consecutivos que fueron intervenidos entre mayo de 2006 a julio de 2007. Del total de pacientes (12 mujeres y 9 hombres), 11 se intervinieron por cáncer renal etapa T1 y el resto (n= 10) por patología benigna:atrofia o hipotrofia renal, cálculos coraliformes en riñones no funcionantes e hidroureteronefrosis (HUN) con atrofia de parénquima. En un caso se realizó una heminefrectomía laparoscópica por atrofia e HUN severa del sistema pielocaliciario superior. Todos se intervinieron por vía transperitoneal utilizando 3 ó 4 puertos de acceso abdominal en posición de decúbito parcial lateralizado modificada, realizando la 1a incisión para el laparoscopio siempre lateral al ombligo. En los primeros 6 pacientes sólo se utilizó corriente monopolar en tanto que en el resto siguiente se usó electro bisturí bipolar y radiofrecuencia (Ligasure®). Para la ligadura vascular se utilizó según preferencia Hem-olok® y/o endo gia universal®. Los datos fueron registrados en una planilla...

Different approaches have been described for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). Both oncologic and benign pathology bearing patients benefit from the advantages of the laparoscopic approach. We report our initial experience in a series of consecutive patients that underwent nefrecto laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for T1 stage renal tumors and non oncologic causes. Operative time, postoperative pain, perioperative complications and hospital stay are evaluated. Patients and method: A total of 21 patients underwent LRN between May 2006 and July 2007. Male to female ratio was 3:4. Out of these, 11 were for T1 renal tumors, the other 10 underwent LRN for renal atrophy, stag horn calculi in non functioning kidneys. In one case partial nephrectomy was performed in a patient with atrophy of superior calicial system. All patients underwent a transperitoneal approach using a 3 to 4 trocar layout with the patient in a partial lateral decubitous. Different cutting devices were employed along with both Hem-o-lok® and endo gia universal®. All data was collected prospectively. Results: All patients were operated by the same surgeon. Mean operative time was 161 minutes (range 54-300). Operative bleeding was 146 ml (20-1800), 4 patients required blood transfusion. Two patients required conversion to open surgery for venous bleeding and diaphragmatic lesion. Mean hospital stay was 4.8 days (2-6 days). No patient required epidural steroids. Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is a safe alternative for malignant and benign pathology. Considerable advantages make it preferable over open surgery.

Impacto de gastroenteritis severa por rotavirus en niños chilenos menores de 3 años de edad / Incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis among Chilean children under three years of age

Background: Rotavirus infections account every year in Chile, for approximately 53,000 emergency consultations and 8,000hospital admissions among children under three years of age. Aim: To estimate incidence rates of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <3 years of age, living in the V and VIII Regions and to identify the predominant viral serotypes. Material and methods: A prospective hospital-based surveillance for severe gastroenteritis was implemented in public and private hospitals of Viña del Mar and Valparaiso (Region V) and of Chiguayante, Concepción, Penco, San Pedro de la Paz, Talcahuano and Tomé (Region VIII). All children <3 years of age residing in the districts, who consulted for severe gastroenteritis requiring oral or intravenous rehydration (equivalent to WHO plan B or C), or who were admitted to the hospital, were enrolled. Demographic and clinical information and a stool sample were obtained. Rotavirus was detected by ELISA and positive samples were serotyped by ELISA or real time PCR. Results: Between January 23 and June 30, 2003, a total of 760 children were recruited. Among these, 343 (45 percent) were admitted to the hospital. Stool samples were collected from 433 children. Among these, 214 were positive for rotavirus (49.4 percent). Overall, monthly disease incidence rates were 124/100,000 in V Region, and 114/100,000 in VIIIRegion. The predominant serotype was G4. Conclusions: Rotavirus was responsible for nearly half of the severe gastroenteritis episodes among children <3 years, during a predominantly G4 serotype season. Every year, approximately one every 70 children <3 years will have a severe rotavirus gastroenteritis episode.

Caracterización molecular de mecanismos de resistencia a cloranfenicol en cepas de shigella flexneri aisladas en niños chilenos con diarrea aguda / Molecular characterization of resistance mechanisms to chloramphenicol in shigella flexneri strains isolated from chilean children with acute diarrhea

Background: Chloramphenicol is one of the therapeutic options for shigellosis, but resistance to this antimicrobial is increasing. Aim: To characterize molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to chloramphenicol (CmR) in Shigella flexneri strains isolated from Chilean children with acute diarrhea. Material and methods: Thirty one Shigella filexneri strains, including 22 with the CmR phenotype were analyzed. Strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by plate dilution and for the presence of an internal fragment of the cat gene encoding for chloramphenicol o-acetyl-transferase, by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Results: All CmR strains had a minimal inhibitory concentration over 64 µg/ml and amplified the internal fragment of the cat gene. Southern blot analyses indicated that this gene was located in the bacterial chromosome. Conclusions: Resistance to chloramphenicol in this group of Shigella flexneri strains was mediated by a chromosomally located cat gene

Incapacidades laborales: problemas en la reinserción al trabajo / Work-related disabilities and workers' difficulties in rejoining the labor market

En este estudio transversal se evalúan los factores asociados con la probabilidad de reincorporación al trabajo de los trabajadores incapacitados permanentes para la profesión habitual por accidente de trabajo. La muestra la forman los casos atendidos por el Centro de Rehabilitación Profesional (CRP) de Belo Horizonte, Brasil, en 1995. Se analiza el hecho del trabajador ser aceptado o no en el programa, así como la posterior reinserción laboral mediante modelos logit. Respecto al primer, los factores más influyentes fueron la edad, la presencia de Lesiones por Esfuerzo Repetitivo (LER) y el nivel de estudios. Analizado el resultado del programa, se observa que los hombres jóvenes de alta escolarización son los que tienem mayor probabilidad de reinserción laboral (90,9 por cento). Existe una incongruencia respecto a la admisión de los trabajadores y el resultado del programa: para su admisión, el trabajador debe cumplir un perfil exigido por el mercado en lo que se refiere a la edad y al nível de estudios; los portadores de LER cumplen estos criterios y, sin embargo, son los que con mayor dificultad se reincorporan al trabajo. Se observa, así mismo, una discriminación laboral clara hacia las mujeres, a pesar del hecho que las mismas presentam iguales condiciones de edad o de nivel educativo que los hombres.

Manejo del catéter de Swan-Ganz / Management of the Swan-Ganz catheter

El uso del catéter Swan-Ganz, cada vez más frecuente en el área pediátrica, ha motivado la realización de este trabajo donde se realizarán aspectos generales del catéter y cuidados de enfermería en el monitoreo de arteria pulmonar y medición de gasto cardíaco