investigation of mechanism of vasodilator activity of 17 beta-estradiol as being geriomic or non-genomic

To determine the vasodilator activity of 17 beta-estradiol as being genomic or non-genomic. The experimental protocol was divided into three groups, In group I aorta of rat was subjected to serial dilutions of norepinephrine and a standard concentration was selected, which produced optimal vasoconstriction. In group II, tissue was challenged with serial dilutions of 17 beta-estradiol in the presence of vascconstriction induced by the standard concentration of norepinephrine. Meanwhile in group III tissue was challenged with serial dilutions of 17 beta-estradiol in presence of standard concentration of norepinephrine after pretreatment with dactinomycin, which was used to inhibit protein synthesis so that genomic mode of action could be blocked. In our study 17 beta-estradiol, after pretreatment with dactinomycin, produced vasodilator activity in the same pattern as obtained without administration of protein synthesis inhibitor in the tissue preconstricted with norepinephrine [P<0.001]. The observations demonstrate the vasodilator activity of the 17 beta-stradiol to be its non-genomic action

Iron status and hemoglobin level on chronic renal insufficiency

To correlate the iron status and hemoglobin levels in pre End Stage Renal Disease [ESRE] patients with various degrees of chronic renal insufficiency. A cross sectional analytical study. Department of Physiology, BMSI, JPMC, Karachi, in collaboration with Department of Nephrology, JPMC, Karachi and the above mentioned departments. The study included 120 subjects, distributed into four groups with 30 subjects in each group. There were 15 male and 15 female subjects in each group. First group [control] comprising of normal subjects with Creatinine Clearance above 90 milliliters per minute [Cr. Cl > 90 mI/mm] and remaining three groups i.e., group 11 [Cr. Cl 60-90 mI/mm], group Ill [Cr. Cl 30-59 mI/mm], and group IV [Cr.Cl 15-29 mI/mm] comprising of patients with increasing severity of the renal insufficiency. Their hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity [TIBC] were analyzed and statistically compaied. As compared to control group. there was a 6.85%, 11.46%, 29.09% decrease in hemoglobin levels in males while 5. 13%, 9.24% and 24.24% decrease in females, when subjects of group II, III, and IV were taken into consideration. Similarly there was 2.82%, 783%, and 12.37% decrease in serum iron, 1.31%, 1.79% and 2.24% rise in Total Iron Binding Capacity [TIBC] and 1.78%, 11.79% and 29.47% decrease in serum ferritin levels in corresponding groups in the same order. The rate of decrease in hemoglobin level corresponds with the rate of deterioration in renal function; however the rate of change in iron profile is by and large within normal limits and hence is not very significant