Obturator Nerve Block by Inguinal Approach in the Transurethral Resection of Lateral wall Bladder Tumor

Background: Single spinal anesthetic has been shown to be ineffective in preventing obturator nerve activation and adductor muscle contraction, which can lead to problems such as bladder perforation during transurethral resection of lateral wall bladder tumor (TURBT) under SA. To counteract this, numerous additional approaches are still being investigated, with the inguinal approach lately gaining traction. The aim of the study was to observe the incidence of jerk/ muscle spasm after obturator nerve block by Inguinal Approach in TURBT of lateral wall urinary bladder tumor under SA. Material & Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology & ICU of National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 6 months, from January 2022 to July 2022. During this period, a total of 20 cases of transurethral resection of lateral wall bladder tumor (TURBT) had been included as the study population, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Among the participants, 45% had been from the age group of 60-69 years, 30% had been from the age group of 50-59 years, 15% had been between the ages of 70-79, and 10% had been of 80 years or older. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity, observed in 70% of the participants. 45% had diabetes, 15% had chronic kidney disease, another 15% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10% had heart disease, and 15% had benign enlargement of prostate. During TURBT, majority of the patients had no jerk, while only 10% had minimal jerk and 1 patient had maximum jerk. During the 24-hour follow-up, 20% of patients regarded their outcome condition as excellent, while 60% had regraded their outcome as good. Only 1 patient regarded their outcome as poor, while follow-up data was unavailable for 15% of patients. Conclusion: The study observed very few incidence of muscle spasm or jerk during TURBT after using the inguinal approach. The study also found positive short-term outcome in most of the patients.

Pattern of Cytogenetic Abnormality by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Multiple Myeloma Patients in a Tertiary Hospital

Background: Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm with acquired genetic abnormalities of clinical and prognostic importance, with survival duration ranging from a few months to more than 10 years. Cytogenetic abnormalities (CA) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are of major prognostic significance since e.g. patients with del(17p), t(4;14) or gain 1q21 show dismal outcome. Objective: To evaluate the cytogenetic patterns by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of clinically diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Haematology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2018 to December 2018. A total number of 30 patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed cytogenetically by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH). The collected data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-24) for windows version 10.0.Results:Out of 30 diagnosed Multiple Myeloma cases the mean age was 56.37�.38 years and male to female ratio was almost 3:1. Sixteen (56.7%) of 30 patients. Among 30 cases of 8 cases were thyrogenicity positive of 7(23.3%) patients was detected del 13q positive. Isolated del 13q was found in 4 cases. 2 cases were found coexistence of del 13q and del 17p positive ;1 case was found coexistence of del 13q and t(4;14) positive and rest of 1 case had del 17 p positive. There was no detectable t (11; 14) and t(14;16) in any of 30 cases.Conclusion:FISH panel for Multiple Myeloma including del (13q); t(11;14); t(4;14), del(17p), t(14;16) is very important molecular test for the prognosis , risk stratification, treatment modality of the patient. On the basis of cytogenetic abnormality Multiple Myeloma risk stratification is modified now a day. This Revised International Staging system R-ISS is a simple and powerful prognostic staging system.

Determinants of the Psychological States of Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-sectional Study in Bangladesh

@#Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a group of early childhood chronic mobility disorders. Parenting a child with cerebral palsy is often challenging, especially for mothers. This research aimed to identify the determinants of the psychological states of mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020. A total of 344 mothers of children with cerebral palsy was recruited using a simple random sampling technique and guided questionnaires. The data were analysed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression models. Results: The overall response rate was 98.29%. The median (IQR) age of respondents and the children with cerebral palsy were 30 (13) and 6 (6), respectively. The proportions of mothers with good knowledge on cerebral palsy and having higher negative family impact were 57.8% and 41.9%, respectively. Fifty-nine per cent of mothers of children with cerebral palsy had higher levels of maternal psychological stress. The predictors of maternal psychological stress were the mother’s age, marital status, types of family, family income, age of children, gender, and higher levels of the negative maternal appraisal. Conclusions: Mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh had a higher level of maternal psychological stress. The factors identified in this study could help to develop policies and strategies to minimise maternal psychological stress associated with parenting children with cerebral palsy in Bangladeshi households.

A cross-sectional study on nutritional status and dietary patterns of children with autism

@#Introduction: Literature revealed that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly more feeding problems and obesity compared to their peers. This study was designed to investigate the nutritional status and dietary patterns of children with autism in different age groups in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 individuals with ASD. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect information from the mother of the respondents and anthropometric assessments were conducted by measuring height and weight. The dietary patterns of the respondents were taken using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The age range of the participants were between 3-18 years. It was found that 11.9%, 19.7% and 23.3% of the participants were underweight, overweight and obese, respectively according to Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age. About 70% of the respondents had medium Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). In addition, the association between IDDS and obesity was significantly correlated (p=0.00). Individuals with ASD exhibited similar food preferences across most age groups with little changes. Conclusion: Our study figured out that the prevalence of overweight increased in accordance with age among children with ASD. They have a tendency to prefer likeness and routine in their diet, which expands the tendency to have an imbalanced diet. A dietary guideline including seven food groups should be followed to improve their nutritional status and dietary practices.

Sequencing and annotation of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba

The mitochondrial genome of a species is an essential resource for its effective conservation and phylogenetic studies. In this article, we present sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba collected from Khulna region of Bangladesh. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,597 bp in size, which formed a circular double-stranded DNA molecule containing a total of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) with two non-coding regions, an origin of light strand replication (OL) and a displacement loop (D-loop), similar structure with other fishes of Teleostei. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated its close relationship with labeonine fishes. The complete mitogenome of Cirrhinus reba (GenBank no. MN862482) showed 99.96% identity to another haplotype of Cirrhinus reba (AP013325), followed by 90.18% identity with Labeo bata (AP011198).

Sequencing and annotation of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba

The mitochondrial genome of a species is an essential resource for its effective conservation and phylogenetic studies. In this article, we present sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba collected from Khulna region of Bangladesh. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,597 bp in size, which formed a circular double-stranded DNA molecule containing a total of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) with two non-coding regions, an origin of light strand replication (OL) and a displacement loop (D-loop), similar structure with other fishes of Teleostei. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated its close relationship with labeonine fishes. The complete mitogenome of Cirrhinus reba (GenBank no. MN862482) showed 99.96% identity to another haplotype of Cirrhinus reba (AP013325), followed by 90.18% identity with Labeo bata (AP011198).

The Incidence In Rheumatic Fever in Age 5-15 Age Group Bangladesh

Introduction: In developing country like Bangladesh rheumaticfever is common diseases occur in children.Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate theincidence in rheumatic fever in age 5-15 age groupBangladesh.Method: This cross sectional study was done at differentprivate hospital in Khulna district from January 2016 to January2017 .where 100 patients data were recorded methodically in apreformed data sheet.Results: In the study 71% patients’ mother was illiterate andmost of them were house wife. Also, most of the patients facedserious heart damage.Conclusion: We can conclude that, overcrowding and lowattainment of education by mothers is responsible for incidenceof RF in children. Further study in needed for better outcome.

The Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Diabetics responsible for a greater mortality rateduring the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI).Objective: In this study our main aim is to evaluate theincidence of myocardial infraction in diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This study was done at different private hospitalin Khulna District. During the period of two years (2015-2017)among 105 patients. Where complete demographic detailssuch as age, gender, blood pressure, smoking and alcoholdetails, previous clinical and medical history were noted for allthe patients. Blood was collected from the patients for randomblood glucose levels and HbA1c levels.Results: In the study patients male patients 26.8% higher thanfemale and 28.1% were known diabetics. 10.7% of them wereidentified as diabetic during the hospitalization. Also wherediabetic patients who have had an MI previously are more atrisk to a recurrent MI rather than those without.Conclusion: From result we can conclude that the chronic andacute hyperglycemia linked with acute myocardial infarction isan independent and determinant factor in the outcome forpatients with and without diabetes mellitus. Further study isneeded for better outcome.

Vibration upshot of operating mechanical sewing machine: an insight into common peroneal nerve conduction study

BACKGROUND: Most of the people associated with tailoring occupation in Nepal are still using mechanical sewing machine as an alternative of new technology for tailoring. Common peroneal nerves of both right and left legs are exposed to strenuous and chronic stress exerted by vibration and paddling of mechanical sewing machine. METHODS: The study included 30 healthy male tailors and 30 healthy male individuals. Anthropometric variables as well as cardio respiratory variables were determined for each subject. Standard Nerve Conduction Techniques using constant measured distances were applied to evaluate common peroneal nerve (motor) in both legs of each individual. Data were analyzed and compared between study and control groups using Man Whitney U test setting the significance level p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Anthropometric and cardio respiratory variables were not significantly altered between the study and control groups. The Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) latency of common peroneal nerves of both right [(11.29 ± 1.25 vs. 10.03 ± 1.37), P < 0.001] and left [(11.28 ± 1.38 vs. 10.05 ± 1.37), P < 0.01] legs was found to be significantly prolonged in study group as compared to control group. The Amp-CMAP of common peroneal nerves of both right [(4.57 ± 1.21 vs. 6.22 ± 1.72), P < 0.001] and left [(4.31 ± 1.55 vs. 6.25 ± 1.70), P < 0.001] legs was found significantly reduced in study group as compared to control group. Similarly, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of common peroneal nerves of both right [(43.72 ± 3.25 vs. 47.49 ± 4.17), P < 0.001] and left [(42.51 ± 3.82 vs. 46.76 ± 4.51), P < 0.001] legs was also found to be significantly reduced in study group in comparison to control group. CONCLUSION: Operating mechanical sewing machine by paddling chronically and arduously could have attributed to abnormal nerve conduction study parameters due to vibration effect of the machine on right and left common peroneal nerves. The results of present study follow the trend towards presymptomatic or asymptomatic neuropathy similar to subclinical neuropathy.

Tracheal rhinosporidiosis: an uncommon life threatening benign condition

Rhinosporidiosis in tracheobronchial tree is extremely rare. It poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and has high chance of mortality because of presentation with respiratory distress. We report such a case of a 35 years old man who presented with respiratory distress and dry irritating cough. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed a reddish soft tissue mass below the vocal cord level. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a soft tissue opacity within the trachea occluding the airway. Direct endoscopic biopsy was done after securing the airway. Histopathological examination confirmed rhinosporidiosis and the mass was excised through an external approach. The patient was free of symptoms and no recurrence was reported till 30 months of follow-up

Efficacy and safety of leflunomide in psoriatic arthritis

To compare the effectiveness and safety of leflunomide with methotrexate [MTX] in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. An open, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 32 patients of psoriatic arthritis at the department of Dermatology and Venereology and Rheumatology wing of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2002 to December 2003. 17 patients of leflunomide group were treated with oral leflunomide l00 mg for first three days followed by 20 mg daily. 15 patients of MTX group were treated with methotrexate 10 mg weekly. Both groups were allowed to take ibuprofen, maximum 1400 mg daily. For both groups hematological and biochemical tests were done at baseline and at every follow-up. All patients were assessed clinically for articular features, psoriasis area and severity index [PASI] for effectiveness and for side effects of drugs was listed for safety measure. Sixteen patients of leflunomide group and 14 of MTX group completed 24 weeks follow-up. Male: female ratio was 14:2, in leflunomide and 13:1 in MTX group. Significant improvement was observed in tender joint count, swollen joint count, joint tenderness index, NSAIDs score and PASI score in both groups. Adverse effects in both groups were tolerable and did not require any withdrawal or dose reduction. Asthenia, alopecia, nausea and vomiting were common side effects noticed by patients but overall there was no significant difference in between two groups. Leflunomide appears to be as effective and safe as methotrexate in psoriatic arthritis

Impact of socio-health factors on life expectancy in the low and lower middle income countries

This study is concerned with understanding the impact of demographic changes, socioeconomic inequalities, and the availability of health factors on life expectancy [LE] in the low and lower middle income countries. The cross-country data were collected from 91 countries from the United Nations agencies in 2012. LE is the response variable with demographics [total fertility rate, and adolescent fertility rate], socioeconomic status [mean year of schooling, and gross national income per capita], and health factors [physician density, and HIV prevalence rate] are as the three main predictors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis is used to extract the main factors. The necessity of more healthcare resources and higher levels of socioeconomic advantages are more likely to increase LE. On the other hand, demographic changes and health factors are more likely to increase LE by way of decease fertility rates and disease prevalence. These findings suggest that international efforts should aim at increasing LE, especially in the low income countries through the elimination of HIV prevalence, adolescent fertility, and illiteracy

Immunoglobulin levels in panic disorder patients

The study was conducted to evaluate the serum immunoglobulin levels in patients suffering from panic disorder and to assess the relationship between the changes of immunoglobulin levels and the socioeconomic parameters, as well as nutritional status. 54 panic patients were randomly selected from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University [BSMMU] and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Fifty two, age and gender matched healthy volunteers [42 males and 10 females, mean age of 30 +/- 6 yrs] were also enrolled in this study. Immunoglobulin levels were measured by turbidimetry method using immunoglobulin kits. It was found that the mean serum immunoglobulin concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA of panic disorder patients were 0.999 +/- 0.26 [g/L], 0.1 +/- 0.028 [g/L] and 0.194 +/- 0.066 [g/L] respectively whereas the values were 1.24 +/- 0.39 [g/L], 0.096 +/- 0.022 [g/L], 0.194 +/- 0.053 [g/L] in healthy volunteers. IgG level in panic disorder patient was found significantly [p <0.05] lower than that of the controls but the change in concentration of IgM and IgA were not significant [p=0.497, p=0.962]. Socioeconomic data reveals that most of the patients were from lower income group and educated. BMI [Mean +/- SD] of the patients [22.62 +/- 3.74 kg/m[2]] and controls [23.74 +/- 2.71 kg/m[2]] were well within the normal range. From correlative analysis it has been found that income has significant effect [p=0.047] on the change of the serum IgG level in panic disorder patient and it was also been justified by the regression analysis [p=0.049]. This finding may play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of the panic disorder patients. Further studies have been suggested with a large number of populations to confirm these findings

Reproductive health rights of women in the rural areas of Meherpur District in Bangladesh

This study evaluated the reproductive health rights, women empowerment and gender equity in a rural area of Bangladesh. Three hundred married women of reproductive age [15-49 years] in Meherpur District, Bangladesh were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and purposing sampling techniques. The logistic regression analysis was used to determine the dominating factors affecting reproductive health rights. To fulfill the objectives of the study the two main factors, age at marriage and family planning acceptance of the respondents, were regarded as the determinants. The study results revealed that almost all the respondents were housewives [82.3%], one-third [31.0%] did not avail any modern facility, and their yearly income was very low. Moreover, about half of the women [52.7%] were very young [

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants and their ethnic uses in Ramgarh Upazila of Khagrachhari district, Bangladesh

A survey was carried out in the years 2004 and 2006, in Ramgarh Upazila of Khagrachhari District in Bangladesh to record - the medicinal plants of that area and their uses. During this work, 85 species representing 77 genera were found, which are used by Marma, Tippara and Chakma ethnic people and Bengalis living there for the treatment of 60 diseases. Botanical and tribal names of the plants, parts used as medicine and diseases to'be treated with each plant have been presented. The major threats to the medicinal plants have been identified and a number of recommendations have also been made for the sustainable use and conservation of those plants

Immunoglobulin levels of vitiligo patients

In the present study, the serum immunoglobulin profiles of vitiligo patients were compared with that of cohort control and evaluated the correlation between immunoglobulin level with their socioeconomic factors and nutritional status. Thirty vitiligo patients were recruited randomly from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh for this study. Thirty healthy individuals as control group matched by age, sex, education and socioeconomic factors to the patient group were selected. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were determined by turbidimetry method using immunoglobulin kit. The concentration of IgG and IgA decreased significantly [P<0.05], but the change of IgM was not significant. Socioeconomic data revealed that most of the patients were young and female. Moreover statistical analysis revealed that there was significant correlation between immunoglobulin [IgG and IgA only] concentrations and BMI and number of depigmented patches with IgG concentrations. Finally it can be concluded that the change of serum immunoglobulin concentration in vitiligo patients could be due to the disease condition as pathomechanism suggested the aberrations in cellular immunity. But study with larger number of population is required for further evaluation of the relationship between the immune response and disease state to confirm these findings

Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from the inflorescence and leaf of anisomeles indica [L.] O. Ktze.

The composition of the inflorescence and leaf essential oil of Anisomeles indica [L] O. Ktze. from Bangladesh was examined by GC-MS. Seventy-six components were identified in Inflorescence oil and 52 components were identified in leaf oil, accounting for 98.6% and 98.96% of the total yields, respectively. The main component in inflorescence oil was citronellyl propionate [16.12%]; citronellyl epoxide [13.71%]; [+] agathadiop [9.59%] and pinol D [7.58%]. On the other hand, leaf oil contained caryophyllene [62.52%], cadina, 1, 4-diene [5.50%] and triethanol amine [5.14%]. The composition of both oils varied qualitatively and quantitatively

Volatile constituents of essential oil isolated from the leaves of piper chaba hunt. Occuring in Bangladesh

The composition of the leaf essential oil of Piper chaba Hunt, from Bangladesh was examined by GC-MS. Ninety three components were identified in leaf oil accounting for 98.6% of the total yield. The main components in leaf oil were terpinolene [33.03%]. beta-pinene [8.23%], 8-cadinol [6.86%], y-elemene [4.90%], cedren-13-ol, 8-[4.77%], [+]-cyclosativene [3.43%] and nerolidyl acetate [3.15%]. The compositions of both oils varied qualitatively and quantitatively

Essential oil analysis of callstemon lanceolatus DC. leaves from Bangladesh

Two samples of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves of Callistemon lanceolatus DC was analyzed by GC-MS. The oil yield was 0.70%. Fifty compounds were identified in the leaf oil. 1,8-cineole [51.22%], [E]-ocimene [22.89%], terpinyl acetate [7.46%] and beta-pinene [2.09%] were the major components representing 97.5% of the oil. The compositions of both oil samples varied qualitatively and quantitatively

Sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases in street-based female sex workers in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

We analyzed the sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of street-based female sex workers (SFSWs) of Rajshahi city and examined their socio-demographic profiles. Among the SFSWs attending three drop-in centers (DIC) named PIACT, PROVA, and Suraksha Madhumita in Rajshahi, 150 self-motivated and willing individuals were interviewed through a structured questionnaire to obtain obstetric histories and socio-demographic information. Among these SFSWs, 56.7 percent were infected with two or more pathogens of STDs, with gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, syphilis, and trichomoniasis observed in 23.3, 27.3, 24.0, 17.3, and 20.0 percent, respectively. We found a strong association between the prevalence of STDs among SFSWs and their socio-demographic profiles. Illiterate and comparatively older SFSWs who spent very little money for health purposes, had larger numbers of children, and used condoms inconsistently were observed to be at higher risk of STDs. These results observed with bivariate analysis were also confirmed by logistic regression analysis.