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Background: Diabetes Education by Peer Coaching is a strategy which helps the patients with diabetes in the field of behavioral and emotional problems. However, the results of studies in this field in other countries could not be generalized in our context. So, the current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Diabetes Education by Peer Coaching on Diabetes Management
Methods: Outcome variables for patients and peer coaches are measured at baseline and in3,6 and 12 months. The primary outcome consisted of Fasting Blood Sugar [FBS] and HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included Blood Pressure [BP], Body Mass Index [BMI,] Waist-Hip Ratio [WHR], Lipid Profile, diabetes self-care activities, diabetes-related quality of life, depression, and Social Capital levels. Initial analyses compared the frequency of baseline levels of outcome and other variables using a simple Chi-square test, t-test and the Mann-Whitney- U test. Sequential measurements in each group were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance. If significant differences in baseline characteristics were found, analyses were repeated adjusting for these differences using ANOVA and logistic regression for multivariate analyses. Additional analyses were conducted to look for the evidence of effect modification by prespecified subgroups.
Conclusion: The fact is that self-control and self-efficacy in diabetes management and treatment of diabetes could be important components. It seems that this research in this special setting with cultural differences would provide more evidence about peer-coaching model. It seems that if the peer-coaching model improves learning situations between patients with diabetes by offering one-on-one Diabetes Self Management Education, it could be an interactive approach to diabetic education
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Background: The purpose of this study was to examine religious, cultural, and social beliefs of healthy women about breast cancer in rural settings in Iran. Methods: In the present study, 16 in-depth interviews with health care leaders, social and religious experts and 11 focus group discussions were conducted with 79 women in the rural areas near the capital city of Tehran, Iran. Grounded theory model was used to analyze the data. Results: Some women believed that religious customs and rituals, such as praying, taking a vow, or going on a pilgrimage to a holy place, might have healing effects if performed in addition to seeking medical care medical care. Many believed that God intervenes in the entire course of any illness, from occurrence to cure. Although few had fatalistic views toward cancer, the majority believed that patients could try to change their destiny. With respect to the relationship between moral behavior and disease, 4 types of opinions were identified; good people suffer, evil people get punished, evil people do not suffer, and everything has a scientific explanation. Participants believed that self-perception, their husbands, deficiencies in the health care system, and financial concerns influence breast cancer outcome. Conclusions: Our study showed that many participants were not aware of any available support in the healthcare system. They generally believed in the healing effect of prayers, only when it is sought in parallel with medical care
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The aim of this study was to assess the association of serum adiponectin and a set of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with carotid artery intimal-medial thickness [CIMT] and coronary artery calcium score [CACS], as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with early type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carotid artery intima- media thickness [measured by B-mode ultrsonogra-phy], coronary artery calcium score [determined by high resolution computed tomography], serum adiponectin, Fasting blood sugar, serum lipids, body mass index [BMI], systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured in 123 asymptomatic newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellituss and 152 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Serum adiponectin and lipids were significantly lower in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus [P<0.01]. Left, right and mean carotid artery intima- media thickness, coronary artery calcium score, fasting blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher among diabetic patients compared to healthy controls [P<0.05]. Mean carotid artery intima- media thickness was positively and independently related to age [P<0.001] and triglyceride [P=0.01] in diabetic group. Coronary artery calcium score was associated positively with age [P=0.004] and inversely with high density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol [P=0.002] among diabetics. Although adiponectin was lower in diabetics compared to controls, it had no significant association with carotid artery intima- media thickness and coronary artery calcium score as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. In patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to age, serum triglyceride levels are correlated with carotid artery intima- media thickness, while HDL cholesterol is inversely correlated with coronary artery calcium score
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Professional commitment has been widely discussed during the last decade. There is no comprehensive definition about "professional commitment in Iranian nurses." Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the concept of professional commitment in Iranian nurses. Hybrid model was used in three phases. Firstly, in the theoretical phase, data were retrieved from the CINHAl, MEDLINE, PubMed, OVID, Google scholar, and SID databases. The literature search used the keywords "professional commitment" and "nursing." The final sample included 27 papers published in English between 2001 and 2011.Secondly, in the fieldwork phase, deep interviews with five clinical nurses were carried out, and thirdly, in the final analytical phase, the obtained data from theoretical and fieldwork phases were combined and a comprehensive analysis was conducted. Loyalty and tendency to remain in the profession and responsibility to the professional issues were extracted in theoretical phase. Commitment to promote caring abilities, satisfying of being a nurse, and belonging to the nursing profession were obtained in fieldwork phase. Finally, two main themes including "commitment to offering the best nursing care" and "commitment to promotion of the nursing profession" were extracted. Nursing is a humanistic profession; it has some particular characteristics due to the profession's nature. In this paper, a definition composed of two main dimensions of professional commitment in nursing has been introduced.
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Evidence based practice [EBP] is one of the main professional competencies for health care professionals and a priority for medicine and nursing curriculum as well. EBP leads to improve effective and efficient care and patient outcomes. Nurse educators have responsibility to teach the future nurses, and an opportunity to promote patient outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe nurse educators' knowledge and attitude on EBP. This was a descriptive study conducted in nursing faculties of two major universities of medical sciences affiliated to Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Data were gathered using a three section questionnaire. Content and face validity was further enhanced by submitting it to nursing research and education experts. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 11 software. According the results, nursing faculties' knowledge of EBP was mainly moderate [47.1%]. Significant statistical relationship was found between the level of knowledge with education and teaching experience in different nursing programs. Nurses generally held positive attitudes toward EBP [88.6%] and there was no statistical significant relationship with demographic variables. Nursing educators are in a position to influence nursing research in clinical practice in the future. Therefore, it is critical to achieve implementation of EBP and be a change agent for a paradigm shift toward EBP.
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Traditional teaching methods used in medical education couldn't meet the need for keeping pace with up to date information. Present study has conducted in order to compare the effect of lecture and e-learning methods on nursing students' learning outcomes in the context of Iran. A cross-over design was applied. Study sample was consisted of 32 students which were in third semester of nursing bachelor program and were passing Maternal Child nursing course. The first part of the course was taught using lecture method during first four weeks; an e-learning method was the technique used to educate the remained part of the course during the second four weeks. Students' learning outcomes in each method, opinion toward and participation with both educational methods was assessed. No significant difference was found between students exam scores in both methods. Considering students' opinion toward educational methods, no significant difference was found between two methods in general but students reported better "capability" and "independency" in e-learning method while lecture was obtained higher scores in "effectiveness on learning" and "motivation" characteristics. E-learning can be used in teaching some nursing courses. It is recommended to use e-learning method with appropriate interactive strategies and attractive virtual environments to motivate students
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Humanos , Feminino , Ensino , Aprendizagem , Estudantes de EnfermagemRESUMO
This paper describes the views of clinical nurses regarding the utilization of nursing research in practice. Many studies have taken a quantitative approach and have focused on why nurses constrain to develop research for nursing and research participation. There is a need to understand the factors restricting clinical nurses in using research findings. The aim of this study was to discover practising nurses' view of factors they perceived as restricte to their research utilization. Data were collected within a 6 months period by means of face-to face interviews followed by one session of focus group. Analysis was undertaken using a qualitative content analysis aided by MAXQDA software. In this study, the findings disclosed some key themes perceived by nurses as restrictive to them in using research findings: "level of support to be active in research", "to be research minded", "the extent of nurses knowledge and skills about research and research utilization", "level of educational preparation relating to using research", "theory -practice gap", and "administration and executive challenges in clinical setting". This study identifies constraints that require to be overcome for clinical nurses to get actively involved in research utilization. In this study, nurses were generally interested in using research findings. However, they felt restricted because of lack of time, lack of peer and manager support and limited knowledge and skills about research process. This study adds a qualitative perspective about the subject under study. Albeir the findings are not generalizable, they support quantitative study findings regarding this subject. This study also confirms that research utilization and the change to research nursing practice are complex issues which require both organizational and educational efforts