RESUMO
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of small non-coding RNA and acts as a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression. This article briefly describes the etiology of various chronic liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, chronic drug-induced liver injury, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and summarizes related reports on microRNA-125b which enters different signal transduction pathways and plays the same or contradictory regulatory role in the same liver disease or pathological process by targeting different target genes, so as to provide insights into the research on the pathogenesis of various chronic liver diseases and the establishment of non-invasive differential methods.