Evaluation and comparing rectum and bladder's clinical complications in pelvis radiotherapy in order to treat prostate cancer by using custom block and MLC for three- dimensional conformal radiotherapy

Ionization radiation caused to incidence of complications in the exposed organs. In prostate radiotherapy, rectum and bladder have been radiated unwantedly and indicated some complications during and after treatment. The purpose of present study is to consider and to compare clinical complications of rectum and bladder in custom block and MLC for 3- D conformal radiotherapy, in order to determine if both treatments differ with respect to creating radiation protection, subsequently in the incidence of complications. In this respect, 72 patients with prostate cancer classified into two arms, above 60 years without the history of previous radiotherapy, hormone therapy and surgery, were selected randomly in October 2014. In one arm, patients were treated with block 3- D conformal radiotherapy, and in second arm with MLC outbound technique for 3- D radiotherapy. Rectal and bladder clinical complications were recorded before, during [at the end of 10 treatment sessions], 3 and 6 months after treatment then compared based on tables [RTOG/ LENT].Obtained results showed that patients had a significant difference in such complications as urinary frequency after 10 treatment sessions, 3 months after treatment [p<0.02 and p<0.04, respectively] Also, patients had a significant difference in regard to dysuria at the end of treatment [p<0.02]. In both arms, patients had a significant difference in constipation after 30 sessions also at the end of treatment [p<0.02, p<0.02, respectively].In comparing different grades of complications based on RTOG/ LENT tables, it was not observed a significant difference between patients' complications in both arms

Legume intake is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in adults

Studies on the association between legume intake and metabolic syndrome [MetS] are sparse. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between legume intake, MetS, and its components. This study was conducted on 80 subjects [48% female] with MetS as cases and 160 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles were evaluated by standard methods. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire [FFQ] and legume intake was determined. MetS was defined according to the definition of - Adult Treatment Panel III. The mean [SD] intake of legumes was 1.4 [0.9] servings/week for cases and 2.3 [1.1] servings/week for control subjects [P < 35]. After adjustment for potential confounders, decreases in mean systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and increase in HDL cholesterol levels were observed across increasing quartile categories of legume intake. After adjustments for life style and food groups, subjects in the highest quartile of legume intake had lower odds of having MetS compared with those in the lowest quartile [odds ratio [OR]: 0.25: 95% Cl: 0.11-0.64, P < 0.05], an association that weakened after adjustment for body mass index [BMI], but remained significant OR: 0.28: 95% Cl: 0.12-0.81, P < 0.05]. Legume intake is inversely associated with the risk of having MetS and some of its components

On the estimation of survival time and contributory risk factors in the elderly participants in the Tehran lipid and glucose study. A 10-year follow-up

In the increasing population of the elderly in Iran, so far no prospective health studies have been undertaken. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors of survival time of the elderly of ages above 60 years

Material and Methods: Individuals above 60 years old were recruited in the primary phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] during 1998-2001. They were followed up for 10 years and their vital status were registered [1998-2008]. Age and sex mortality rates for age groups [60-69, 70-79, 80+] were calculated and by using Cox proportional hazard model the hazard rates were estimated

Results: Out of 929 males, 154 [17%] and out of 869 women 85[10%] died during the follow-up years. Cox model showed that diabetes on an average reduces 4.4 years and 2.5 years and smoking reduces 5 and 6.6 years of males' and females' survival time, respectively. BMI>33Kg/m2 and dis-lipoproteinemia reduce 4.5 years and 4 years of women's life span. Tehranian native men on an average live 3 years shorter than other male residents. In addition, hypertension and history of MI, stroke or sudden death of father, brother or son reduce 3.3 years and 4.1 years of men's life time

Conclusion: The elderly population is in need of a healthy ageing to be gained from prevention and intervention. Identification of life time reducing risk factors of elderly helps the policymakers to develop some protocols to increase the life span of the population