Prevalence of hearing loss among preschool children in Hanoi, Vietnam

Background: Hearing loss in children is a common entity worldwide. This study examined the prevalence of hearing loss among preschool children in Hanoi, Vietnam.Methods: A cross sectional was conducted among pre-schoolers aged 2-5 years in Hanoi, Vietnam to determine the prevalence of hearing loss according to the method recommended by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH): a two-step Automated Oto-Acoustic Emissions (AOAE) program, completed by an Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) for the positive diagnosis of hearing impairment.Results: In total, there were 7,191 preschoolers and kindergarten screened. Three hundred and thirty-seven (4.7%) of children screened failed and were referred for further testing. The percentage of children with true hearing loss was 4.4% confirmed by ABR test. Majority of the hearing loss children was conductive hearing loss (70.4%). Mild hearing loss (21'?40 dB) accounted for almost half of the children with hearing loss.Conclusions: This study provides the first estimates of audiometrically measured hearing loss prevalence among preschool children in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study found that hearing loss is common among pre-primary school children in the country. Routine hearing screening of school-age children should be included in annual school health programs in Vietnam.

Risk factors of hearing loss among preschool children in Hanoi, Vietnam

Background: Risk factors of hearing loss among preschool children is still unknown in Vietnam. This study was to assess the risk factors of hearing loss among preschool children in Hanoi, Vietnam.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 314 hearing loss cases (aged 2-5 years) and 628 controls, frequency matched by age and sex, were selected. Information about prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors the children were obtained from direct interview using a questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between different factors and hearing loss condition of children.Results: The results found five risk factors of hearing loss among preschool children, including maternal rubella (adjusted Odds ratio [OR]=11.72, 95%CI: 2.90-47.33), prolonged oxygen use (adjusted OR (95%CI: 2.72-70.82), severe jaundice (adjusted OR=13.47, 95%CI=5.09-35.59), meningitis (adjusted OR=26.44, 95%CI=5.65-123.59), and chronic ear infections (adjusted OR=14.03, 95%CI: 9.85-19.97).Conclusions: Different risk factors of hearing loss among preschool children in Hanoi found, including maternal rubella, prolonged oxygen use, severe jaundice, meningitis, and chronic ear infections. Studies regarding the prevention of hearing loss among children are urgently needed.

Cutaneous blastomycosis: a clue to a systemic disease / Blastomicose cutânea: um sinal de doença sistêmica

A 55-year-old male presented with back pain and slightly tender annular plaques with central ulceration on his face. A skin biopsy revealed scattered yeast with broad based buds. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed a pathologic T12 fracture. Tissue obtained from the spine confirmed budding yeasts. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis. The patient was treated with amphotericin and itraconazole and completely recovered. .

Paciente do sexo masculino, com 55 anos de idade, compareceu ao ambulatório com dores na costa e placas anulares ligeiramente sensíveis, com ulceração central na face. Uma biópsia cutânea revelou levedura disseminada, com brotos de base larga. A tomografia computadorizada do abdômen revelou uma fratura patológica da T12. Amostra de tecido obtido da coluna vertebral confirmou levedura em fase de brotamento. O paciente foi diagnosticado com blastomicose disseminada. Após tratamento com anfotericina e itraconazol, o paciente teve recuperação completa. .

Miliaria-rash after neutropenic fever and induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia / Miliária 'rash' após neutropenia febril e quimioterapia de indução para a leucemia mielóide aguda

Miliaria is a disorder of the eccrine sweat glands which occurs in conditions of increased heat and humidity. It can be associated with persistent febrile states as well as with certain drugs. We presented a 40 year-old female with myelodysplastic syndrome and progression to acute myelogenous leukemia who was admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy induction. The patient was treated with idarubicin and cytarabine. She became pancytopenic and developed neutropenic fever and was started on vancomycin and cefepime, but was persistently febrile with night sweats. Five days into her fevers, she developed diffuse, nonpruritic and fragile vesicles together with drenching nightsweats. The patient's exanthem was diagnosed as Miliaria crystallina, most probably induced by neutropenic fever and idarubucin exposure.

Miliária é uma desordem das glândulas sudoríparas écrinas, que ocorre em condições de aumento de calor e umidade. Miliária pode ser associada com estados febris persistentes bem como com certos medicamentos. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 40 anos com síndrome mielodisplásica e progressão para leucemia mielóide aguda que foi admitida no hospital para quimioterapia de indução. A paciente foi tratada com idarrubicina e citarabina. Ela se tornou pancitopênica e desenvolveu neutropenia febril. Iniciou tratamento com vancomicina e cefepime, mas a febre com sudorese noturna continou. Cinco dias depois a paciente desenvolveu vesículas difusas, não pruríticas e frágeis juntamente com a persistência de sudorese noturna. O exantema do paciente foi diagnosticado como Miliária cristalina, provavelmente induzida por neutropenia febril e exposição a idarubucin.

Evaluation of residual antibody after 24 months of hepatitis A vaccination (HAVAX)

Persistence of antibody against hepatitis A virus has been studied in 30 healthy adults at 24th month after receiving a three doses schedule of hepatitis A vaccine (Havax). Results: Residual level in all subjects was higher than protective level (≥ 20mIU/ml). The GMT was higher than the protective level (831,5mIU/ml) 40 times and 100% people injected remained protective antibody.