Clinical Application of R-ISS Staging System in 412 Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the prognostic value of R-ISS staging system in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM).@*METHODS@#The Chinical data of 412 patients with NDMM in our hospital from May 2010 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received conventional chemotherapy or thalidomide or bortezomib-based chemotherapy. All the patients with NDMM were divided into R-ISS-Ⅰ, R-ISS-Ⅱ and R-ISS-Ⅲ groups according to R-ISS staging system on the basis of ISS staging system, cytogenetics and LDH level. The progression-free survival (PFS) time and overall survival(OS) of different groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#Among all 412 patients, 76 were rated as R-ISS-Ⅰ, 259 as R-ISS-Ⅱ and 77 as R-ISS-Ⅲ. The median PFS time in 3 groups were 44, 25 and 14 months respectively (P<0.01). The median OS time of the 3 groups were not reached 54 and 25 months respectively (P<0.01). Further analysis also found that statistically different survival associated with different R-ISS groups in the conventional chemotherapy group (P<0.05), bortezomib-based chemotherapy group (P<0.01), thalidomide-based chemotherapy group (P<0.01), transplantation group (P<0.05), different-age stratified group (≤65y P<0.01, 66-75y P<0.01,≥76y P<0.01), damaged renal function group (P<0.01) and extramedullary infiltration group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#PFS and OS in the patients with multiple myeloma were different among three distrinct R-ISS stages. The R-ISS staging system has important clinical significance for the prognosis evaluation of multiple myeloma.

Small intestinal cavernous hemangioma causing chronic hemorrhage: a case report / 南方医科大学学报

Small intestinal hemangioma is a rare condition that can be divided histologically into capillary, cavernous or mixed types, among which the cavernous type is the most common. Here we report a case of small intestinal cavernous hemangioma with chronic hemorrhage in 44-year-old man. The patient complained of weakness and dizziness for 2 years that aggravated 1 month before admission accompanied by intermittent melena. Laboratory tests suggest severe anemia, and computed tomography, gastroscopy and colonoscopy all revealed signs of anemia. Capsule endoscopy detected small intestinal erosions, bleeding lesions and prominent neoplasms. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, in which the segment of the jejunum with lesions was resected. Pathological examination of the resected jejunum identified the neoplasm as cavernous hemangioma of the small intestine, which was the cause of severe anemia.

Change of MicroRNA-134, CREB and p-CREB expression in epileptic rat

OBJECTIVE@#To To investigate the changes of MicroRNA-134, CREB and p-CREB expression in epileptic rat brains in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of epilepsy, providing new ideas for clinical treatment.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into groups randomly, including control group, six hours after seizure group, 24-hour group, three-day group, one-week group, two-week group, four-week group, and eight-week group. All groups were placed under a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model except the control group, and all rats were decapitated in different points of time. Brain specimens were taken for quantitative PCR experiments, immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments. The results of the epilepsy model groups and the control group were compared.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between the six hours after seizure group, the 24-hour group and the control group about the MicroRNA-134 levels. MicroRNA-134 in the hippocampus tissue of the three-day group significantly reduced compared with the control group; same result was observed with the one-week, two-week, four-week and eight-week groups. The CREB and p-CREB levels in the three-day group's rat hippocampus significantly increased compared with the control group; and the high levels of CREB and p-CREB were constantly maintained in the one-week, two-week, four-week and eight-week groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The MicroRNA-134 level of the epileptic rat hippocampus is significantly lower than normal after three days, and continues to maintain a low level; while CREB and p-CREB levels are rsignificantly increased after three days, and continue to remain at a high level. MicroRNA-134 plays a role in inhibiting synaptic plasticity by inhibiting CREB and p-CREB expressions.

Change of MicroRNA-134, CREB and p-CREB expression in epileptic rat

Objective: To To investigate the changes of MicroRNA-134, CREB and p-CREB expression in epileptic rat brains in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of epilepsy, providing new ideas for clinical treatment. Methods: Sixty-four Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into groups randomly, including control group, six hours after seizure group, 24-hour group, three-day group, one-week group, two-week group, four-week group, and eight-week group. All groups were placed under a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model except the control group, and all rats were decapitated in different points of time. Brain specimens were taken for quantitative PCR experiments, immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments. The results of the epilepsy model groups and the control group were compared. Results: There were no significant differences between the six hours after seizure group, the 24-hour group and the control group about the MicroRNA-134 levels. MicroRNA-134 in the hippocampus tissue of the three-day group significantly reduced compared with the control group; same result was observed with the one-week, two-week, four-week and eight-week groups. The CREB and p-CREB levels in the three-day group's rat hippocampus significantly increased compared with the control group; and the high levels of CREB and p-CREB were constantly maintained in the one-week, two-week, four-week and eight-week groups. Conclusions: The MicroRNA-134 level of the epileptic rat hippocampus is significantly lower than normal after three days, and continues to maintain a low level; while CREB and p-CREB levels are rsignificantly increased after three days, and continue to remain at a high level. MicroRNA-134 plays a role in inhibiting synaptic plasticity by inhibiting CREB and p-CREB expressions.

Co-expression of BMP2 and Sox9 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of co-expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Sox9 on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and provide experimental evidence for tissue engineering of cartilage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse embryonic bone marrow MSC C3H10T1/2 cells were infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing BMP2, Sox9 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) for 3-14 days, with cells infected with the adenovirus carrying GFP gene as the control. The mRNA expression of the markers of chondrogenic differentiation, including collagen type II (Col2a1), aggrecan (ACAN), and collagen type X (Col10a1), were determined by real-time PCR. Alcian blue staining was used for quantitative analysis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in the cellular matrix. The expression of Col2a1 protein was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Adenovirus-mediated BMP2 expression induced chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. Overexpression of Sox9 effectively enhanced BMP2-induced expression of the chondrogenic markers Col2a1, aggrecan and Col10a1 mRNAs, and promoted the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan and Col2a1 protein in C3H10T1/2 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Co-expression of BMP2 and Sox9 can promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro, which provides a new strategy for tissue engineering of cartilage.</p>

Differentiation potential of CD41⁺ cells derived from the mouse aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, yolk sac and embryonic circulating blood / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differentiation ability difference of hematopoietic, mesenchymal and endothelial potential between CD41⁺ cells derived from the mouse aorta-gonadmesonephros (AGM) region, yolk sac (YS) and embryonic circulating blood (CB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD41⁺ cells were sorted from AGM, YS and CB. The CD45 and c-kit expression were studied in CD41⁺ cells by flow cytometry. IL-3 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) treatment together with semi solid culture were used to assess hematopoietic potential difference of CD41⁺ cells. Immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA was used to assess mesenchymal potential difference. The endothelial cell induction system was used to assess endothelial potential difference.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportions of CD45+ cells in CD41⁺ population were 51.9% (AGM), 45.8% (YS) and 22.2% (CB), respectively, while those of c-kit⁺ cells were 40.0% (AGM), 39.6% (YS) and 36.2% (CB), respectively. After stimulated by IL-3 factor, the number of total colonies increased in all three groups-derived CD41⁺ cells compared to that of unstimulated group[(14.1±1.9) vs (1.2±0.2), (32.4±1.1) vs (18.4±2.2) and (41.8±0.9) vs (10.4±1.8)], (P<0.01). After stimulated by BMP-4 factor, compared to unstimulated group, CFU-Mix colony number in CD41⁺ cells from AGM region and YS were significantly decreased[(0.5±0.6) vs (3.2±0.8), (1.3±0.7) vs (7.4±1.7)](P<0.01), but there was no difference in CB group[(2.5±0.5) vs (3.9±1.5)](P>0.01). The mesenchymal marker α-SMA was highly expressed in CD41⁺ cells from AGM region and YS, but lowly expressed in CD41⁺ cells from CB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are some differences between CD41⁺ cells in AGM region, YS and CB on hematopoietic cell surface marker expression, hematopoietic colony formation with IL-3 and BMP-4 stimulation.</p>

Opioid receptors mediate enhancement of ACh-induced aorta relaxation by chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia / 生理学报

The present study was designed to investigate the role of opioid receptors in the vasorelaxation effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) in thoracic aorta rings and the underlying mechanism in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: CIHH treatment group and control group. The rats in CIHH group were exposed to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber (simulated 5 000 m altitude) for 28 days, 6 h per day. The rats in control group were kept in the same environment as CIHH rats except no hypoxia exposure. The relaxation of thoracic aorta rings was recorded by organ bath perfusion technique, and expression of opioid receptors was measured by Western blot. Results are shown as follows. (1) The acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of thoracic aorta in CIHH rats was increased obviously in a concentration-dependent manner compared with that in control rats (P < 0.05). (2) This enhancement of ACh-induced relaxation in CIHH rats was abolished by naloxone, a non-specific opioid receptor blocker (P < 0.05). (3) The expressions of δ, μ and κ opioid receptors in thoracic aorta of CIHH rats were up-regulated compared with those in control rats (P < 0.05). (4) The enhancement of CIHH on relaxation of thoracic aorta was reversed by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) blocker (P < 0.05). The results suggest that opioid receptors are involved in CIHH-enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation of thoracic aorta through KATP channel pathways.

Induction of UGT1A1 expression by praeruptorin A and praeruptorin C through hCAR pathway / 药学学报

This study is purposed to investigate the effects of praeruptorin A (PA) and praeruptorin C (PC) on UGT1A1 in HepG2 cells through hCAR pathway. PA and PC were incubated with HepG2 cells for 24 h and 48 h, mRNA and protein expressions of UGT1A1 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting assays. Additionally, effects of PA and PC on UGT1A1 mRNA and protein expressions were also measured after transient transfection of a specific CAR siRNA for 72 h in HepG2 cells. UGT1A1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased by PA and PC after incubation for 48 h. Moreover, the mRNA and protein up-regulations of UGT1A1 were attenuated by transient transfection of a specific CAR siRNA, suggesting the induction was mediated by CAR. The results suggest that PA and PC can significantly up-regulate UGT1A1 expression partially via the CAR-mediated pathway.

Beneficial effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on the body / 中国应用生理学杂志

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is a common problem in clinic and there is no satisfactory method for prevention or treatment of I/R injury so far. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH), similar to the concept of ischemia preconditioning (IPC)or altitude hypoxia adaptation (AHA), has been recognized to confer a protective effect on heart against I/R injury with a longer protective effect than IPC and a less adverse effect than AHA. It has been proved that CIHH increases myocardial tolerance to ischemia or hypoxia, reserving cardiac function and preventing arrhythmia during I/R. Multiple mechanisms or pathway underlying the cardiac protection of CIHH have been proposed, such as induction of heat-shock protein, enhancement of myocardial antioxidation capacity, increase of coronary flow and myocardial capillary angiogenesis, activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels, inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, CIHH has been found having many beneficial effects on the body, such as promotion of health, increase of oxygen utilization, and prevention or treatment for some diseases. The beneficial effects of CIHH and potential mechanisms are reviewed mainly based on the researches performed by our group.

Effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on contractile activity of arteries in rats / 生理学报

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on contractile activities in isolated thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery rings and the underlying mechanism in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (CON), 14 days CIHH treatment group (CIHH14), 28 days CIHH treatment group (CIHH28) and 42 days CIHH treatment group (CIHH42). CIHH rats were exposed to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber simulating 5 000 m altitude, 6 h daily for 14, 28 and 42 d, respectively. After artery rings were prepared from pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta, the contractile activity of the artery rings was recorded using organ bath technique. Results are shown as follows. (1) There were no significant differences of noradrenaline (NA)- and KCl-induced contractions in thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery rings among CIHH and CON rats. (2) Angiotensin Ⅱ (ANGⅡ)-induced contraction in thoracic aorta rings, not in pulmonary artery rings, of CIHH rats was decreased compared with that in CON rats. There was no significant difference of ANGⅡ-induced contraction in thoracic aorta rings among CIHH rats. (3) Inhibitory effect of CIHH on ANGⅡ-induced contraction in thoracic aorta rings was endothelium-independent, and was reversed by glibenclamide (Gli), an ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) blocker, and L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, but not by indomethacin (Indo), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. These results suggest that CIHH attenuates the contraction induced by ANGⅡ in thoracic aorta rings of rat, which is related to the opening of K(ATP) channel and the increased production of NO.

Expression and localization of annexin A7 in the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of acquired epilepsy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Annexin A7 (synexin, ANXA7) is a member of annexins, which plays an essential role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. Considerable evidence shows that the pathogenetic mechanism of acquired epilepsy (AE) has been related to the imbalance of calcium homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate ANXA7 expression and cellular localization in the cortex and hippocampus in the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of AE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 81 adult healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 9) and experimental group (n = 72), the experimental group contained eight subgroups according to sacrifice time (n = 9) (6-hour, 24-hour, 48-hour, 72-hour, 7-day, 15-day, 1-month, and 2-month). In the experimental group, rats were intraperitoneally injected by lithium-pilocarpine to induce AE model. We examined the expression and localization of ANXA7 via immunohistochemistry, double-label immunofluorescence with the use of neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibody, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody and propidium iodide (PI), respectively. The data of optical density value were analyzed by analysis of variance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ANXA7 expression increased significantly in the experimental groups especially in the acute period (6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the onset of seizure) using immunohistochemistry. Double-label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy disclosed that ANXA7 localized in the neurons but not in astrocytes and did not localize in the nucleus, which were performed with anti-NSE, anti-GFAP and PI respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ANXA7 may play a potential role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of AE.</p>

Effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on immune function in rat / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To elucidate the effect of CIHH on cellular immunity and humoral immunity in rat by using flow cytometry method, immunohistochemistry method and electron microscopy techniques.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control(CON) group, 14 days CIHH (CIHH14) group, 28 days CIHH (CIHH28) group, 42 days CIHH (CIHH42) group. The animals in CIHH groups were exposed to 14, 28 and 42 days hypobaric hypoxia(simulated 3 000 m altitude, 5 h per day), respectively. Half of the animals in each group was treated with normaxia and the other half animals were treated with acute hypoxia for 1 h. CD3, CD4, CD8 T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, IgG, cortisol, epirenamine and C-reactive protein were examined. The weight and ultrastructure of thymus and spleen were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with CON, both indexes of thymus and spleen in CIHH14 rats were increased significantly. Spleen index, but not thymus index, was increased in CIHH28 and CIHH42 rats. The thymocytes and spleen cytes in rat were injuryed during acute hypoxia, but the damage in CIHH rats was significant slighter than that in CON rats. (2) Compared with CON, CIHH28 and CIHH42, CD8 in CIHH14 rats were decreased, ratios of CD4/CD8 was increased and NK was decreased. (3) The rats of CON during acute hypoxia showed that CD4 was increased, CD8 was decreased, ratio of CD4/CD8 was elevated, and NK was increased. But there were no significant changes of CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK in CIHH28 and CIHH42 animals during acute hypoxia. (4) Compared with CON, CIHH28 and CIHH42, cortisol in CIHH14 rats was increased obviously, Epirenamine, cortisol and C-reactive protein in CON rats were increased, but there were no obvious changes in CIHH rats before and after acute hypoxia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CIHH protects the immune function of rat against acute hypoxia, which is related with the regulation of neuroendocrine.</p>

Effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on α(1)-adrenergic receptor of myocardium participates in the cardioprotection / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on α(1)-adrenergic receptors and the role of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors in the protection of CIHH against ischemic injury of myocardium. Sixty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (Con), 14-day CIHH treatment group (CIHH14), 28-day CIHH treatment group (CIHH28) and 42-day CIHH treatment group (CIHH42). CIHH rats were exposed to hypoxia mimicking 5 000 m altitude (p(B)=404 mmHg, p(O(2))=84 mmHg) in a hypobaric chamber, 6 h daily for 14, 28 and 42 d, respectively. Control animals lived in the same environment as CIHH animals except hypoxia exposure. After anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (3.0-3.5 mL/kg body weight, i.p.), papillary muscle was taken from the right ventricle of rat and perfused with modified Tyrode's solution continuously, at constant temperature (37 °C) and perfusion speed (12 mL/min). Muscle contraction was evoked by electric stimuli. Different concentrations (1x10(-7), 1x10(-6) and 1x10(-5) mol/L) of phenylephrine (PE), an alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist, were applied cumulatively to investigate the effect of PE on the mechanic contraction of right ventricular papillary muscles of rats in Con, CIHH14, CIHH28 and CIHH42 groups. Also, prazosin (1x10(-6) mol/L), an α(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, was used to investigate the role of α(1)-adrenergic receptor in the protective effect of CIHH on papillary muscle. The results showed: (1) PE increased the maximal isometric tension (P(max)) and maximal velocity of tension development (P(dT/dt)) of muscle contraction in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), and the increase of the muscle contraction was much greater in CIHH28 and CIHH42 rats than that in Con rats (P<0.05). Under 1x10(-5) mol/L of PE, the increases of P(max) and P(dT/dt) over the baseline were 51.2% and 44.5% in CIHH28 group, 48.6% and 44.5% in CIHH42 group, and 28.7% and 24.5% in Con group, respectively; (2) The contraction of papillary muscle decreased during simulated ischemia, but the decrease was slighter in CIHH rats than that in Con rats (P<0.05). The decreases in P(max) and P(dT/dt) were 59.6% and 53.6% in CIHH28 group, 60.4% and 49.9% in CIHH42 group, and 74.4% and 64.7% in Con group, respectively; (3) The protective effect of CIHH on ischemic papillary muscle was abolished by prazosin (1x10(-6) mol/L). The results of the present study suggest that CIHH increases the activity of α(1)-adrenergic receptor, which is possibly one of the mechanisms for the cardioprotection of CIHH.

Effect of valsartan on postprandial plasma inflammatory factors in patients with essential hypertension / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of valsartan on the concentrations of plasma inflammatory factors after a high-fat meal in patients with essential hypertension in very short time.@*METHODS@#Fifty hypertensive patients and 25 healthy controls were studied. Patients randomly accepted lacidipine 4 mg/d (lacidipine group) or valsartan 80 mg/d (valsartan group) for 1 week. The concentrations of plasma lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and soluble P-selectin were measured in fasting state and at 4 h after a single high-fat meal in all subjects at baseline and in patients after 1 week.@*RESULTS@#The concentrations of postprandial plasma hsCRP and soluble P-selectin significantly increased after a high-fat meal in patients (P < 0.05), as compared with those at fasting levels, but not in the controls. The postprandial plasma triglyceride concentrations significantly increased in the healthy controls (P < 0.05), but were lower than those in hypertensive patients (P < 0.01). Postprandial change in plasma concentration of triglyceride was significantly correlated with those of log (hsCRP) (r = 0.344)and soluble P-selectin (r = 0.432), respectively (n = 75, both P < 0.01). Lipids profiles did not change significantly after 1 week. There was no significant difference between the fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of either hsCRP or soluble P-selectin in valsartan group, while the postprandial increments of inflammatory factors were still significant in the lacidipine group.@*CONCLUSION@#High-fat meal can induce postprandial inflammation response in patients with essential hypertension. Valsartan effectively attenuates this postprandial inflammation response within a very short time.

Clinic value of combination of high-risk human papillomavirus test and cervical cytology test in diagnosing cervical lesions / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinic value of combination of high-risk human papillomavirus test and cervical cytology test in diagnosis of cervical lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients underwent physical examination at our department were checked by high-risk human papillomavirus test, cervical cytology test and colposcope from October 2004 to December 2006. Abnormal patients with cervical abnormalities were asked for pathological test.The diagnostic value of cervical lesions among these different methods were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the criteria of histopathology, the sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value and negative-predictive value of high-risk human papillomavirus test for detecting all cases of CIN II and CIN III were 94.83%, 31.06%, 55.22% and 87.02% respectively, and those of the cervical cytology were 92.10%, 31.06%, 54.50% and 81.43% respectively.Those values changed to 99.65%, 18.55%, 61.46% and 97.62% respectively if two methods were combined.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Human papillomavirus test and cervical cytology test combined with pathological test can improve the detective rate of cervical lesions and facilitate the treatment.</p>

Comparison of the effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and continuous hypobaric hypoxia on hemodynamics in rats / 生理学报

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) and chronic continuous hypobaric hypoxia (CHH) on hemodynamics under basic normoxia and acute hypoxia conditions and to find the difference of two types of chronic hypoxia. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Control group (CON), 28 days IHH group (IHH28), 42 days IHH group (IHH42), 28 days CHH group (CHH28) and 42 days CHH group (CHH42). The rats in IHH groups were treated with intermittent hypoxia (11.1% O2) mimicking 5 000 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber for 28 or 42 d, 6 h a day, respectively. The rats in CHH groups lived in the hypobaric chamber with the same degree of hypoxia like IHH rats except half an hour in normoxia each day for feeding and cleaning. The body weight of rats was measured once a week. The parameters in hemodynamics, such as mean artery blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum change rate of left ventricular pressure (+/-LVdP/dt(max)) were recorded under basic normoxia and acute hypoxia conditions through catheterization technique. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in myocardium of rats were measured by biochemical method. The weights of whole heart, left and right ventricles were measured separately. The results showed: (1) The basic HR and MAP in CHH42 rats were lower than those in CON, IHH and CHH28 rats (P<0.05). (2) IHH showed a cardioprotection against acute hypoxia and reoxygenation injury, manifested as the result that the changes of HR, MAP, LVSP, and +/- LVdP/dt(max) were smaller than those in CON rats during acute hypoxia and reoxygenation. CHH showed a rather strong cardioprotection during acute hypoxia, manifested as the result that the decreases of HR, MAP, LVSP, and +/- LVdP/dt(max)were much smaller, but it did damage during reoxygenation, manifested as the result that the recovery of hemodynamics was the worst among three groups (P<0.05). (3) The antioxygenation of heart was increased in both IHH and CHH rats compared with that in CON rats manifested by the increased SOD activity and decreased MDA content (P<0.05, P<0.01). (4) IHH had no effect on heart weight, but CHH rats showed an obvious right ventricular hypertrophy compared with CON and IHH animals (P<0.01). The result indicates that IHH can induce a more effective cardioprotection with no much side effect, which might have a potential value for practical use.

Significance of human papillomavirus test in triage of patients with atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the significance of human papillomavirus test in triage of patients with atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) diagnosed by cervical cytology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human papillomavirus test,colposcope and cervical biopsy were performed in 184 patients with a referral diagnosis of ASCUS by cervical cytology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Confirmed by pathological diagnosis of cervical biopsy, 112 cases were chronic inflammation (60.87%), 33 CIN I (17.93%), 17 CIN II (9.24%), 8 CIN III (4.35%), 4 cervical squamous carcinoma (2.17%) and 10 condyloma (5.43%). Of the 184 women with cytological ASCUS, 124 (67.39%) cases were positive in high-risk HPV test among which 66 cases were histologically confirmed as chronic inflammation (53.23%), 22 as CIN I (17.74%), 16 as CIN II (12.90%), 8 as CIN III (6.45%), 4 as cervical squamous carcinoma (3.23%) and 8 as condyloma (6.45%). The positive rate of HPV in groups of ASCUS were higher than those with negative HPV (P < 0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Women with ASCUS should be tested for HPV. Cervical biopsy under colposcopy is recommended for women with HR-HPV infection.</p>

Effect of niacin on adiponectin levels in the adipocytes secretion in rabbits / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of niacin on the serum adiponectin concentration in hypercholesterolemia rabbit and the adiponectin concentration secreted by adipocytes in normal rabbits.@*METHODS@#Ten male New Zealand white rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) The high cholesterol group maintained a high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. (2) The same cholesterol diet plus niacin (0.4g/kg*d ) were administrated for 6 weeks in the niacin group. A control group was fed with normal diet for 14 weeks. Subcutaneous adipose from the control group was collected for adipocyte culture. Matured adipocytes were incubated with various concentrations of niacin (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0micromol/L). Adiponectin concentrations in the serum and adipocyte culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, rabbits in the high cholesterol group showed higher serum levels of total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), all of which were significantly reduced by niacin treatment (P<0.01),and serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased (P<0.01). At 8th week, the mean adiponectin concentration of rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet was significantly lower than that of the control group[(1.268+/-0.039)mg/L vs.(1.449+/-0.107)mg/L,P<0.01]. Niacin treatment significantly elevated the serum adiponectin level which was positively related to HDL-C,and negatively related to TC and LDL-C. Cell experiment in vitro indicated that niacin could significantly induce the adiponectin secretion of adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner.@*CONCLUSION@#Niacin can significantly promote the adiponectin secretion of adipocytes, suggesting that niacin probably has an ability of elevating the serum adiponectin level in addition to lipid-lowering effect.

The cardioprotection of intermittent hypoxic adaptation / 生理学报

Intermittent hypoxia (IH), or periodic hypoxia is referred as exposure to hypoxia interrupted by normoxia that occurs under many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. A lot of researches showed that IH adaptation, like ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and long-term high-altitude hypoxic adaptation (LHA), had significant cardioprotective effects including increasing the tolerance of myocardium to ischemia/reperfusion injury, limiting infarction size and morphologic damage, inhibiting apoptosis of myocardial cells, enhancing recovery of cardiac function in ischemia/reperfusion, and antiarrhythmia. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the protective effects of IH against ischemia/reperfusion injury are far from clear. The potential candidates participating in the protective effects of IH include oxygen transport, energy metabolism, neurohumoral regulation, antioxidase, stress protein, adenosine, ATP-sensitive potassium channel, mitochondrion, calcium control, nitric oxide and protein kinase. The effects of IH are affected by the protocol of hypoxic exposure, age and sex of experimental animals. IH adaptation, for longer lasting time than IPC and lesser side effect than LHA, might have a practical value for using.

Effects of different modes of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on ischemia/reperfusion injury in developing rat hearts / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of two different modes of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in developing rat hearts. Postnatal male sprague-Dawley rats (n=72) were divided randomly into 3 groups: intermittent hypoxia at 3 000 m (IHH3000) group, intermittent hypoxia at 5 000 m (IHH5000) group and control group. The isolated hearts were perfused in the Langendorff apparatus, undergoing 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function, coronary flow and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were recorded at 5 min before ischemia and 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 min during reperfusion, respectively. The heart weight was measured at the end of the experiment. The results showed that: (1) There was no difference in body weight gaining between IHH3000 and control groups. The gain of body weight in IHH5000 group was much lower than that in IHH3000 and control groups (P<0.01). (2) Compared with that in the control group, the recovery of cardiac function in IHH3000 group was enhanced at 60 min after ischemia/reperfusion, coronary flow was increased, and LDH activity was decreased (P<0.05), meaning a cardioprotective effect occurred. There was no significant difference in heart weight between IHH3000 and control groups. In addition, cardiac function restored better in IHH3000 group after 42 d of hypoxic exposure than that after 28 d of hypoxic exposure (P<0.05). (3) Compared with that in the control group, the recovery of cardiac function in IHH5000 group was lower, coronary flow was decreased, and LDH activity was increased (P<0.05). There was a hypertrophy in the right ventricle in IHH5000 group. All changes indicated definitely that a detrimental effect developed in IHH5000 group. The results suggest that proper IHH can protect developing rat hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury while this effect could be affected by the modes of intermittent hypoxic exposure.