Ameliorative impacts of floral extract of Salvia species on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats renal ischemia/reperfusion

I/R injury is a potentially serious problem that is encountered during a variety of medical and surgical procedures, such as thrombolytic therapy, organ transplantation and coronary angioplasty, The basic pathophysiology of I/R injury is microvascular dysfunction which is developed following reperfusion of ischemic tissues. It has clinical importance because of its frequent occurrence and mortality in some surgical conditions such as renal transplantation. Here, we investigated the protective effect of Salvia extracts on kidneys against I/R injury. Forty Spraque Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Right nephrectomy was performed to all groups. Gr. I, control; Gr. II, I/R; Gr. III & IV, I/R+50 and I/R+100 mg/kg Salvia floral extract; and Gr. V with I/R+50 mg/kg Rosmarinic acid. Salvia and Rosmarinic acid for 7 days was given single dose as a gavage.60 min ischemia, 60 min reperfusion were applied to groups except control. Intracardiac blood samples were taken, Blood urea nitrogen, creatine, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide and chitotriosidase levels were detected. Mean values were evaluated by statistical analysis. The renal tissues were examined under light microscopy. Based on our biochemical and histological data, Salvia floral extract has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against renal structure and function.

Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of thedifferent extracts from Thymus longicaulis C Presl. subsp. longicaulis var. longicaulis and T. longicaulis C. Presl. subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus growing in Turkey

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant capacities of the infusions and different extracts of two Thymus taxa: Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. subsp. longicaulis var. longicaulis and Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus [Lamiaceae]. The quantitative estimation of total flavonoid, flavonoland phenolic contents of the studied extracts were performed by spectrophotometrical method; the aluminum chloride the aluminum chloride+Na acetate and Folin-Ciocalteau methods, respectively. The determination of phenolic acids in the studied species was achieved by using a modified reverse phase- High Pressure Liquid Chromatography method adopting an internal standard. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by three test systems namely, radical scavenging on DPPH, beta-carotene bleaching and Rancimat methods. The results were compared to those of BHT as synthetic antioxidant. Ethyl acetate extracts were found to be rich as a source of phenolics. In addition, the main phenolic acid of the extracts identified by HPLC-DAD was rosmarinic acid. Also, the infusions containing especially water-soluble compounds were observed to exhibit lower antioxidant capacities than those of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Our results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction of studied Thymus taxa can be used as antioxidant in food and medicinal preparations. In addition, the present study revealed that the infusions of these plants exhibit lower activity in contrast to general believes in which aqueous extracts, as in the case of herbal teas, have high antioxidant activity

Antiprotozoal assessment and phenolic acid profiling of five Fumaria (fumitory) species

Objective: To explore some Fumaria species which were recorded to be traditionally used against malaria and other protozoal diseases. Methods: Consequently, in the current study, antiprotozoal effect of the ethanol extracts obtained from five Fumaria species (Fumaria densiflora, Fumaria cilicica, Fumaria rostellata, Fumaria kralikii, and Fumaria parviflora) was investigated against the parasites; Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) and Trypanosoma bruceirhodesiense (human African trypanosomiasis) at 0.81 and 4.85 μg/mL concentrations. Results: Among them, Fumaria densiflora extract exerted the highest antiplasmodial (93.80%) and antitrypanasomal effect (55.40%), while the ethanol extracts of Fumaria kralikii (43.45%) and Fumaria rostellata (41.65%) showed moderate activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Besides, phenolic acid contents of the extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and trans-cinnamic (4.32 mg/g) and caffeic (3.71 mg/g) acids were found to be the dominant phenolic acids in Fumaria densiflora. Conclusions: According to our results, Fumaria densiflora deserve further study for its promising antiprotozoal activity.

Antiprotozoal assessment and phenolic acid profiling of five Fumaria (fumitory) species

OBJECTIVE@#To explore some Fumaria species which were recorded to be traditionally used against malaria and other protozoal diseases.@*METHODS@#Consequently, in the current study, antiprotozoal effect of the ethanol extracts obtained from five Fumaria species (Fumaria densiflora, Fumaria cilicica, Fumaria rostellata, Fumaria kralikii, and Fumaria parviflora) was investigated against the parasites; Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) and Trypanosoma bruceirhodesiense (human African trypanosomiasis) at 0.81 and 4.85 μg/mL concentrations.@*RESULTS@#Among them, Fumaria densiflora extract exerted the highest antiplasmodial (93.80%) and antitrypanasomal effect (55.40%), while the ethanol extracts of Fumaria kralikii (43.45%) and Fumaria rostellata (41.65%) showed moderate activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Besides, phenolic acid contents of the extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and trans-cinnamic (4.32 mg/g) and caffeic (3.71 mg/g) acids were found to be the dominant phenolic acids in Fumaria densiflora.@*CONCLUSIONS@#According to our results, Fumaria densiflora deserve further study for its promising antiprotozoal activity.

Mechanical properties of zirconia after different surface treatments and repeated firings

PURPOSE: This study investigated the influence of surface conditioning procedures and repeated firings on monoclinic content and strength of zirconia before cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sintered bar-shaped zirconia specimens were subjected to no surface treatment (control), air abrasion, or grinding (n=21). Their roughness was evaluated using a profilometer, and microscope analysis was performed on one specimen of each group. Then, 2 or 10 repeated firings (n=10) were executed, the monoclinic content of specimens was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and a three-point flexural strength test was performed. Surface roughness values were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests, the monoclinic content values were tested using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and the flexural strength values were tested using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P=.05). Spearman's correlation test was performed to define relationships among measured parameters. RESULTS: Surface-treated specimens were rougher than untreated specimens and had a higher monoclinic content (P<.005), and the relationship between roughness and monoclinic content was significant (P<.000). Neither surface treatment nor firing significantly affected the flexural strength, but Weibull analysis showed that for the air-abraded samples the characteristic strength was significantly lower after the 10th firing than after the 2nd firing. CONCLUSION: After firing, a negligible amount of monoclinic content remained on the zirconia surfaces, and rougher surfaces had higher monoclinic contents than untreated surfaces. Multiple firings could be performed if necessary, but the fracture probability could increase after multiple firings for rougher surfaces.

Laparoscopic management of ovarian dermoid cysts : a review of 47 cases

Background: Mature cystic teratomas, often referred to as dermoid cysts, are the most common germ cell tumors of the ovary. In the recent years, transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of ovarian dermoid cysts together with laparoscopic approach have greatly improved the treatment of this benign lesion. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of laparoscopic surgery for suspected ovarian dermoid cysts

Patients and Methods: The preoperative findings, operative techniques and postoperative complications were retrospectively reviewed in women who underwent laparoscopic surgery for dermoid cysts, between January 2000 and May 2003

Results: In 47 women aged 21 to 53 years [median, 38.8 years], 93.6% had a unilateral cyst with a diameter of 17 to 108 mm [median, 51 mm]. Clinical presentations were pain [62%], abnormal vaginal bleeding [21%] and ovarian torsion [2%], whilst 17% were diagnosed incidentally during routine examination. Surgery included cystectomy [57%], total [36%] or partial oophorectomy [6.4%] and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy [2%]. During the cyst extraction, minimal spillage occurred in 42.5% of the cases and none developed chemical peritonitis. In 2 patients, conversion to laparotomy [4.3%] was required, one for sigmoid colon injury and one for malignant ovarian tumor detected via frozen section. The median operating time was 80 minutes [range, 35-180 minutes]

Conclusion: Using strict adherence to guidelines for preoperative clinical assessment and intra-operative management, laparoscopic treatment of dermoid cysts appears to be a safe procedure