Dynamic change of hepatocyte during PXR-induced liver enlargement / 药学学报

Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, plays an important role in xenobiotic and endogenous metabolism, endocrine balance, and cell proliferation, etc. Previous study has shown that pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), a mouse PXR agonist, could induce liver enlargement. And we found that the change in hepatocytes exhibits regional distribution characteristics: hepatocyte enlargement occurs around the central vein (CV) area, while hepatocyte proliferation occurs around the portal vein (PV) area. In this study, the dynamic changes of hepatocytes during PXR-induced liver enlargement were determined. Serum and liver samples from male C57BL/6 mice were collected for biochemical and pathological analysis after PCN treatment for 1, 2, 3, 5 days, respectively. The animal experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-Sen University. The results showed that with the increase in the PCN treatment days, the feature of this regional change of hepatocyte around the CV and PV areas became more and more obvious. At the same time, the factors related to hepatocyte enlargement, such as the expression of PXR downstream genes and the hepatic content of triglyceride (TG), has gradually increased. The upregulation of proliferation-related proteins and downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor proteins were observed in the early stage of PCN treatment, suggesting that hepatocyte proliferation occurs earlier than hepatocyte enlargement during PXR-induced liver enlargement. This study reveals the dynamic change of hepatocytes during PXR-induced liver enlargement and provides a new insight in liver enlargement promoted via PXR activation.

Construction of theoretical framework, item pool and rating scale words of / 中国针灸

Literature investigation and expert consultation were adopted to construct the theoretical framework and item pool of

Heat-sensitive moxibustion of different suspension moxibustion methods and imitation moxibustion apparatus on moxibustion sensation and clinical efficacy in knee osteoarthritis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the moxibustion sensation and the clinical therapeutic effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion of two different suspension moxibustion methods and imitation moxibustion apparatus on mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and compare the therapeutic effect of different moxibustion methods.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 patients with mild to moderate KOA were randomized into a hand-held group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off), an imitation moxibustion apparatus group (30 cases) and a moxibustion shelf group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off). @*RESULTS@#The compositions of moxibustion sensation and numbers of moxibustion sensation types in individuals in the hand-held group and the moxibustion shelf group were richer, the moxibustion sensation intensity was higher than that in the imitation moxibustion apparatus group (@*CONCLUSION@#Heat-sensitive moxibustion can effectively treat knee osteoarthritis, while the different suspension moxibustion methods have an influence on clinical therapeutic effect, hand-held suspension moxibustion has the best efficacy.

Lipidomics analysis on schisandrol B-induced liver enlargement in mice / 药学学报

Schisandrol B (SolB) is one of the active constituents from a traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis or Schisandra sphenanthera. Our previous studies found that SolB exerts hepatoprotective effects against drug-induced liver injury and promotes liver regeneration. We further found that SolB significantly induces liver enlargement but the mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of lipidome in liver tissues during SolB-induced hepatomegaly. The animal experiment protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Sun Yat-sen University. Serum and liver samples of male C57BL/6 mice were collected after intraperitoneal injection of SolB (100 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 5 days. Lipidomics analysis was performed using Q Exactive UHPLC-MS/MS system. The results showed that SolB significantly promoted liver enlargement in mice without liver injury and inflammation. Lipid accumulation was observed in the liver tissues after SolB treatment. Thirty-five lipids were identified with significant change and triglycerides (TG) were found to have the most significant increase in SolB-treated group, indicating the increase of energy production during SolB-induced hepatomegaly. This study reveals the impact of SolB on lipid metabolism and provides a potential explanation for liver enlargement induced by SolB.

Roles of withaferin compounds in nervous system disorders / 中国药理学通报

Withaferin compounds have attracted increasing attention in nervous system disorders in reecnt years, which has been reported to have excellent neuroprotective role in stroke, spinal cord injury, ncuroinflammation and so on. The effects of withaferin compounds for nervous system disorders are mainly summa rized in this research, including relevant reports and our recent works.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of pelvic CT in guiding iliac nail implantation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Iliac screw implantation has no unified standard. Because of the large individual differences, preoperative pelvic three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction can measure the diameter, depth and angle of the screws, which increases the placement accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To measure the screw placement-related data by pelvic 3D CT reconstruction, so as to guide the screw placement and improve its accuracy. METHODS: Fifty patients with pelvic lesions or fractures admitted in Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016 were selected, and the pelvis was scanned with CT and then was reconstructed. The point A (the intersection of S1posterior sacral posterior wall and posterior superior iliac spine) was as the screw placement point, and three paths were measured on the point: posterior superior iliac spine path (AD path); anterior inferior iliac spine path (AC path); top of greater sciatic notch to the acetabular roof (AB path). On the plane of these three pathes, the section was made on the iliac bone, respectively; in each section, the channel for iliac nail was designed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the same path, there was no significant difference in the path length of the screw between male and female patients (P > 0.05). Paired t test showed that the diameter and length depth and angle of the screws were significantly different between AD and AC paths, AC and AD (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the inclination angle of the spiral channel between male and female patients (P > 0.05). The inclination angle of the spiral channel and lateral angle at different paths showed significant difference between male and female patients (P < 0.05). (3) To conclude, 3D reconstruction of pelvis CT can be used to measure the length, diameter and angle of the iliac screw, and to guide the surgical treatment.

The relationship between collateral circulation formation and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of internal carotid artery / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To analyze the relationship between collateral status and clinical manifestations or prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of internal carotid artery.Methods 181 patients with acute cerebral infarction in internal carotid arterial were selected.According to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) standard,the degree of carotid stenosis was divided into 5 grades.All patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the status of collateral circulation formation evaluated with the Regional Lepomeningeal Score(rLMC).The correlations were observed between the degree of carotid stenosis and the compensation level of collateral circulation,and the compensation level of collateral circulation and cerebral infarct volume,and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) on admission and the Activity of Daily Living(ADL) score at 3 months after stroke onset.Results The degree of carotid stenosis positively correlated with the compensation level of collateral circulation (r=0.724,P<0.01).The compensation level of collateral circulation negatively correlated with infarct volume (r=-0.313,P<0.01) and NIHSS score on admission (r=-0.504,P<0.01),but positively correlated with ADL score at 3 months after stroke onset (r=0.370,P<0.01).Diabetes was risk factor for the formation of moderate (OR=1.361,95%CI=1.145-1.902,P=0.029) collateral circulation,and hyperlipemia was risk factor for the establishment of moderate (OR=1.050,95%CI=1.011-1.219,P<0.01) or poor (OR=1.048,95%CI=1.010-1.225,P<0.01) collateral circulation.Conclusion The compensation level of collateral circulation positively correlates with the severity of carotid stenosis.Diabetes and Hyperlipemia are risk factors for the formation of collateral circulation.The improvement in the status of collateral circulation can significantly reduce infarct volume and improve prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of internal carotid artery.

Effects of moxibustion on concentration of extracellular potassium ion in acupoint under different status / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe different effects of moxibustion on extracellular potassium ion in acupoint under physiological and pathological status and provide experimental evidence for exploring action mechanism of moxibustion on acupoint local.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a blank-moxibustion group, a model group and a model-moxibustion group, 10 cases in each one. The complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) was adopted to establish model of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the model group and model-moxibustion group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group while moxibustion was applied at "Zusan-li" (ST 36) for 30 min in the blank-moxibustion group and model-moxibustion group. The tissue fluid in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was collected with microdialysis and real-time analyzed by electrolytic analyzer. The change of concentration of potassium ion in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Under physiological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank group was not changed within 150 min (P > 0.05); before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank-moxibustion group was (1.21 +/- 0.31) mmol/L, and after treatment it was gradually increased and reached its peak at (2.38 +/- 0.42) mmol/L after 60 min (P < 0.05), then it was reduced. 150 min after the treatment, concentration of potassium ion was slightly higher than that before moxibustion as well as that in the blank group. The concentration in the blank-moxibustion group at 60 min was statistically significant compared with that in the blank group (P < 0.05). (2) Under pathological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the model group was not changed within 150 min, differences of which at each time point was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion was (1.09 +/- 0.12) mmol/L in the model-moxibustion group, and it was immediately increased to (1.96 +/- 0.18) mmol/L after moxibustion. 60 min and 90 min after the moxibustion, it still maintained a higher level, which was (1.87 +/- 0.29) mmol/L and (1.59 +/- 0.16) mmol/L respectively (both P < 0.05). The differences of each time point after moxibustion in the model-moxibustion group were statistically significant compared with those in the model group (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The moxibustion could increase the concentration of potassium ion in rat's acupoint local under physiological status but time of effect is short; with moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST 36) under pathological status, the concentration of local potassium ion is obviously increased and maintains for a long time.</p>

Expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in colorectal cancer tissues / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in colorectal cancer tissues and investigate its correlation with the clinicopathological factors of the malignancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of XIAP in 87 colorectal cancer tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>XIAP mRNA expression was detected in 64.4% (56/87) of the colorectal cancer tissues, 49.4% (43/87) of the adjacent tissues, and in 11.4% (10/87) of the normal tissues, respectively. The cancer tissues showed significant greater positivity rate and higher expression level of XIAP mRNA than the adjacent and normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry also identified a significantly greater positivity rate for XIAP [70.1% (61/87)] in the colorectal cancer tissues. The pathological grade of the tumors was associated with the expression level of XIAP, whereas this association was not established between XIAP expression and the clinical stages, tumor position or lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XIAP may play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer, which might serve as a potentially useful tumor marker.</p>

Regulative effect of electroacupuncture of different frequencies on derangement of gastric electric rhythm in rabbits / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate regulative effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies on derangement of gastric electric rhythm in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Derangement of gastric electric rhythm model was made with injection of erythromycin into ear vein in 40 rabbits, and randomly divided into a model group, a 3 Hz-EA group, a 20 Hz-EA group and a 100 Hz-EA group. They were treated with EA at Zusanli (ST 36) with 3 Hz, 20 Hz and 100 Hz, respectively. PDP and PTP at different periods were detected with IEGG spectrum analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Erythromycin could significantly enhance PDP and PTP values in the rabbit (P < 0.001). PDP and PTP values were reduced significantly after EA with 3 Hz, 20 Hz and 100 Hz (P < 0.05), with no significant differences in effect on PDP among them (P > 0.05); therapeutic effect of the EA of 20 Hz on PTP was better than that of 3 Hz (P < 0.05), with no significant difference as compared with the EA of 100 Hz.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA of the 3 frequencies shows significantly different regulative effects on derangement of gastric electric rhythm in rabbits.</p>