Generalized eruptive histiocytosis mimicking leprosy.

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis (GEH) is a rare cutaneous histiocytosis that mainly affects adults and presents with multiple symmetric papules on face, trunk, and proximal extremities. GEH is included in type IIa (histiocytes involving cells of dermal dendrocyte lineage) of histiocytic disorders. Clinical and pathological correlations are required for differentiating GEH from other histiocytic disorders and from lepromatous leprosy which clinically mimic GEH and is prevalent in India. We report a case of a middle-aged woman who presented with generalized asymptomatic papules and nodules and was treated for leprosy but was finally diagnosed to have GEH after clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical correlation. Furthermore, the newer lesions also showed features of progressive nodular histiocytosis.

Epididymo-testicular malacoplakia--a case report.

Malacoplakia is one of the rare, chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the epididymis and testis. Diagnosis of the same is important as the treatment differs from the other granulomatous lesions in this area. We present a case of malacoplakia involving both the epididymis and testis with a brief review of literature.

Macrofollicular encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma--a case report.

Macrofollicular encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma (MEPC) is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid with a favourable clinical course. It could be mistaken for a follicular neoplasm or a hyperplastic nodule. We report cytological and histopathological features of this rare variant of papillary carcinoma in a 22 year old female with brief review of literature.

Mammary hamartoma--a case report.

Mammary hamartoma is a rare lesion commonly associated with Cowden syndrome. It presents clinically as a fibroadenoma. The nonspecific cytological findings makes the pre-operative diagnosis of this lesion difficult. Though hamartomas of the breast are predominantly benign, co-existent malignancies within them have been reported. These lesions also have a tendency to recur; hence a correct diagnosis and extensive sampling of hamartoma is essential. We report a case of mammary hamartoma with a brief review of literature.

Congenital transient myeloproliferative disorder progressing to acute myeloid leukemia in Down's syndrome: a case report.

Chromosomal abnormalities like monosomies and trisomies predispose to various malignancies, hematopoietic or non hematopoietic. Patients with Trisomy 21(Down's syndrome) are prone to acute leukemias during childhood, but congenital leukemia in such children is rare (17%) and should be differentiated from a similar condition -Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD) which does not necessitate any treatment other than follow up. We report a patient of Down's syndrome with TMD in neonatal period which had spontaneous remission at 3 weeks but later died of acute myeloid leukemia at 6 months. The blasts in our case during the TMD episode were Myeloperoxidase(MPO) positive unlike other cases of TMD reported in literature. To the best of our knowledge we have not come across a case of TMD (MPO positive) later progressing to leukemia in Indian literature. Hence we report this case.

Vimentin expression in breast carcinomas.

Epithelial malignancies expressing mesenchymal markers and their prognostic implications have been studied by various authors. In view of this, we studied fifty cases of breast carcinomas for vimentin expression and correlated the various clinical and histopathological parameters. Eighteen percent (9/50) of all breast carcinomas expressed vimentin. Vimentin positive tumours were predominantly larger in size (mean greatest diameter 5.43 cm), of higher TNM stage, node negative (55.56%), poorly differentiated (66.66%, p=0.0458) with high mitotic rate (>10/hpf, p=0.0000), Estrogen (88.88%) and Progesterone (77.77%) receptor negative thus pointing towards aggressive biological behavior. Interestingly 20% of well differentiated and 9.09% of moderately differentiated tumours also expressed vimentin. One vimentin positive case had pulmonary metastases despite being node negative while another well differentiated vimentin positive tumour showed skeletal muscle infiltration. Hence, we conclude that vimentin expression is an indicator of biologically aggressive tumours.

Squamous metaplasia in a multinodular goiter: a case report.

Squamous epithelium in thyroid is an unusual finding. It is seen in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. It's presence has been attributed to metaplastic change of follicular epithelium by some authors and to the persistence of ultimobranchial body by others. We encountered a case of multinodular goiter with groups of squamous cells lining a cystic cavity. We report it because of it's rarity with a brief review of literature.

Leiomyosarcoma arising from tunica vaginalis testis: a case report.

Benign and malignant soft tissue tumors of the paratesticular region i.e. those arising from the testicular tunics, epididymis and spermatic cord are uncommon. Of these, leiomyosarcoma arising from the tunica vaginalis is extremely rare. On extensive computerised search, a single case has been reported till date in the literature. We hereby report one such case because of its rarity.

Leiomyosarcoma of the mesocolon--a case report.

Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas including those arising from the mesentery are rare. These account for 5.8% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Most of these tumors present in late life with female preponderance. Diagnosing these tumors at an early stage is difficult due to their location. Hence, most of them attain large sizes with metastases to distant sites at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma arising from the sigmoid mesocolon due to it's rarity and unusual clinical presentation.

Collagenous spherulosis of breast: diagnosis by FNAB with review of literature.

Collagenous Spherulosis (CS) of breast is an innocuous but interesting uncommon morphological feature observed with a variety of benign and malignant breast lesions. We report a case of collagenous shperulosis associated with nodular sclerosing adenosis (Adenosis tumor) on fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears confirmed later by biopsy. The differential diagnosis of collagenous spherulosis is discussed.