Causes of speech disorders in primary school students of Zahedan

Since making communication with others is the most important function of speech, undoubtedly, any type of disorder in speech will affect the human communicability with others. The objective of the study was to investigate reasons behind the [high] prevalence rate of stammer, producing disorders and aglossia. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 118 male and female students, who were studying in a primary school in Zahedan; they had referred to the Speech Therapy Centers of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in a period of seven months. The speech therapist examinations, diagnosis tools common in speech therapy, Spielberg Children Trait and also patients' cases were used to find the reasons behind the [high] prevalence rate of speech disorders. Psychological causes had the highest rate of correlation with the speech disorders among the other factors affecting the speech disorders. After psychological causes, family history and age of the subjects are the other factors which may bring about the speech disorders [P<0.05]. Bilingualism and birth order has a negative relationship with the speech disorders. Likewise, another result of this study shows that only psychological causes, social causes, hereditary causes and age of subjects can predict the speech disorders [P<0.05]. The present study shows that the speech disorders have a strong and close relationship with the psychological causes at the first step and also history of family and age of individuals at the next steps

Trauma, dissociation, and high-risk behaviors

Epidemiological studies and clinical findings have shown an association between trauma and dissociation; dissociative experiences are also more prevalent among select populations such as substance dependent individuals and criminal offenders. In the present non-systematic review, we explored the association between trauma, dissociation, and high-risk behaviors. We aimed to find if the presence of dissociative symptoms could lead us to better understand and recognize those who are prone to high-risk behaviors, among individuals exposed to psychological trauma. The present overview indicated a substantial relationship between dissociation and high-risk behaviors. We concluded that designing and establishing appropriate studies regarding the relationship between trauma, dissociation, and high-risk behaviors would enable health professionals to have a better understanding and recognition of people prone to high-risk behaviors, as well as implement more effective strategies to prevent high-risk behaviors among at-risk populations

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory score as a predictor of addiction potential in youth

Drug abuse causes various societal problems, including decline in public health, increase in mortality, social and domestic traumas, loss of educational and occupational opportunities, increase in involvement with the judicial system, and development of drug abuse cycles. The tendency to use drugs is directly related to the attitudes of the individuals regarding the legality and the scale of social acceptance of drug use, the harm resulting from drug use, or the pleasant consequences of using drugs. The aim of the present study is to predict the psychological inclination to drug use in youths by studying their personality traits. The research sample included students of the Medical Science University, Zahedan, Iran, with an average age of 19-24 years. Participants were selected by probability proportional cluster random sampling. The instruments were the Addiction Potential Scale [APS] and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI]. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation method and regression analysis. Addiction potential was positively related to personality characteristics. We found that those with the highest addiction potential [47%] exhibited the following 3 traits: characteristics of schizophrenia, psychological exhaustion, and depression. There were no significant differences in the addiction potential among the students with respect to grade, field of study, age, or gender