Delayed Extensive Local Reaction to the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Case Report

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, two mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax) received emergency use authorization from the European Medicines Agency. This case report aimed to report a delayed adverse reaction to the mRNA-1273 vaccine against COVID-19 from a Portuguese vaccination center. A case report was performed with medical observation and reported to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System, then investigated based on the WHO-UMC Causality Categories. A 66-year-old female patient with a clinical history of dyslipidemia, essential arterial hypertension, obesity, multinodular goitre and cholecystectomy, who presented delayed large cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction following Spikevax COVID-19 mRNA (mRNA-1273) vaccine administration. Our clinical findings (time and clinical appearance), along with evidence of previously reported histological findings, are strongly suggestive of T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity. There is no contraindication to the inoculation of subsequent doses in patients developing these clinical conditions, and vaccination should continue to be strongly encouraged.

Guia prático para o manejo da dor / Guia prático para o manejo da dor

O estudo da dor e suas particularidades é de grande importância para o tratamento de diversas patologias e para a melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A maioria das disfunções orgânicas tem a dor como um ponto importante da sua manifestação. Dessa maneira, é justificável a elaboração de conteúdo para auxiliar os profissionais da saúde no entendimento e tratamento das principais causas de dores agudas e crônicas. Este livro foi elaborado com o objetivo de servir como um guia prático para o manejo da dor por profissionais e acadêmicos de Medicina. Engloba temas como conceitos e aspectos biopsicossociais da dor, além de questões mais complexas como a fisiologia da dor e o tratamento medicamentoso com o arsenal terapêutico existente. Finalmente, também trata dos diversos tipos de dor mais prevalentes e o conhecimento básico que envolve seu manejo.

Tempo de desarrollo de niños de 0 a 5 años que viven bajo circunstancias ambientales desfavorables / Developmental tempo in children aged 0-5 years living under unfavourable environmental conditions

Objetivo. Describir la dinámica del desarrollo en los primeros años en niños que viven bajo condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables. Población y métodos. En 5401 niños menores de 6 años de zonas con alta proporción de población con necesidades básicas insatisfechas de Florencio Varela y de la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo (Matanza, Villa 21-24, Wilde, Villa Inflamable y Acuba), se estimó, por regresión logística, la edad mediana de cumplimiento de 13 pautas de desarrollo psicomotor y se graficaron, en el eje de las "y", las diferencias entre esas edades y las de la referencia nacional, y, en el eje de las "x", la edad mediana según la referencia nacional. Resultados. Se observaron tres fases: una primera entre 0 y 270 días con desarrollo normal, en que la edad mediana de cumplimiento fue similar a la de la referencia nacional; una segunda de retraso progresivo del desarrollo; y una tercera de recuperación a partir de los 1260 días. Las pendientes de las splines lineales ajustadas fueron 0,06 (no significativo), -0,26 (p < 0,0001) y 0,26 (p < 0,01) para las fases 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente. Las tres pendientes fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre sí. La fase de desarrollo normal (fase 1) se atribuyó al efecto protector de la madre y el medio familiar; la fase 2 de retraso progresivo, a la influencia desfavorable del ambiente, y la fase 3 de recuperación parcial, a la concurrencia a guardería. Estos hallazgos permiten intervenciones eficaces en cada fase. Conclusión. Se identificaron tres períodos con diferente tempo de desarrollo.

Objective. To describe the dynamics of development along the early years of life among children living under unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. Population and Methods. In 5401 children younger than 6 years old living in Florencio Varela and in the Matanza-Riachuelo River Basin (Matanza, Villa 21-24, Wilde, Villa Inflamable and Acuba), areas with a high proportion of families with unmet basic needs, a logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the median age at attainment of 13 psychomotor developmental milestones; differences between these ages and median age at attainment of milestones as per the national reference were plotted on the y-axis, while the median age as per the national reference was plotted on the x-axis. Results. Three stages were observed: the first one between 0 and 270 days with normal development, in which the median age at attainment was similar to that of the national reference; a second one of progressive development delay; and a third one of recovery at 1260 days. Adjusted linear spline slopes were 0.06 (not significant), -0.26 (p < 0.0001) and 0.26 (p < 0.01) for stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The three slopes were statistically different from each other. The stage of normal development (stage 1) was attributed to the protective effect of the mother and the family environment; stage 2 of progressive delay, to the unfavorable impact of the environment, and stage 3 of partial recovery was attributed to attending a daycare center. These findings allow the implementation of effective interventions at each stage. Conclusion. Three periods with different developmental tempos were identified.

Índice de desarrollo psicomotor en menores de seis años en las provincias argentinas / Psychomotor development index in children younger than 6 years from Argentine provinces

Objetivo. Obtener el índice de desarrollo psicomotor (IDP) de cada provincia argentina. Población y Métodos. En una muestra nacional probabilística y estratificada de 13 323 niños y niñas menores de seis años seleccionada para la encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud (ENNyS 2004) se calculó el IDP por provincia en base al cumplimiento de diez pautas de desarrollo. Se estimó la mediana de la edad de cumplimiento (edad mediana) de cada pauta ajustando una regresión logística. El IDP fue calculado como 100* (1 + b), siendo b el coeficiente de regresión de y= a + b x, donde y es: la edad mediana para la Referencia Nacional (x) menos la edad mediana de una pauta. El valor teórico esperable del IDP es 100. Resultados. Los valores obtenidos del IDP por provincia se encuentran en el rango de 72.1 a 106.4. En la mayoría de las provincias los coeficientes de regresión fueron negativos, indicando un aumento progresivo del retraso en la edad de cumplimiento de pautas con la edad de los niños. El coeficiente de correlación entre el IDP por provincia y la mortalidad infantil en 2005 fue extremadamente alto: -0.85, lo que sugiere que ambos indicadores comparten similares determinantes bio- sociales. El signo es negativo porque cuanto mayor es la mortalidad, menor es el IDP. Conclusión. El país dispone ahora de un indicador positivo de salud: el Índice de Desarrollo Psicomotor, simple de recoger, confiable y de bajo costo para ser incorporado a las estadísticas nacionales de salud.

Objective. To obtain a psychomotor development index (PDI) for each Argentine province. Population and methods. Using a national, probabilistic, and stratified sample of 13 323 male and female children younger than 6 years selected for the National Survey on Nutrition and Health (Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud, ENNyS 2004), we estimated the PDI per province based on compliance with 10 developmental milestones. The median age at attainment (median age) of each milestone was estimated adjusting a logistic regression. The PDI was estimated as 100* (1 + b), where "b" is the regression coefficient of y= a + b x, where "y" is the median age as per the national reference (x) minus the median age at attainment of a milestone. The theoretical value expected for the PDI was 100. Results. The PDI per province ranged between 72.1 and 106.4. Most provinces showed a negative regression coefficient, which indicated a progressive increase of the delay in the age at attainment of milestones. The correlation coefficient between the PDI per province and infant mortality in 2005was extremely high: -0.85, suggesting that both indicators share similar biological and social determinants. The PDI was negative because the higher the mortality, the lower the PDI. Conclusion. We have now a positive health indicator available in Argentina: the psychomotor development index, which is a low-cost, easy to collect, and reliable tool that may be used in national health statistics.

Evaluación del desarrollo psicomotor del niño en grupos de población como indicador positivo de salud / Assessment of child psychomotor development in population groups as a positive health indicator

Introducción. Resulta necesario utilizar indicadores de salud que expresen las condiciones de todos los individuos de una población y no solo de aquellos enfermos o que mueren. Objetivos. Presentar un método para obtener indicadores poblacionales de desarrollo psicomotor en niños menores de seis años y mostrar sus resultados. Población y métodos. Los datos provienen de la evaluación transversal del cumplimiento de 13 ítems de desarrollo (seleccionados de la referencia nacional) de 5465 niños en cinco encuestas realizadas por la Autoridad de Cuenca Matanza Riachuelo en dicha cuenca en áreas con alta proporción de familias con necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Para cada encuesta, se estimó, por regresión logística, la edad mediana de cumplimiento de los 13 ítems de desarrollo. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión lineal entre la edad de cumplimiento estimada de los 13 ítems de cada encuesta en función de las correspondientes edades de la referencia nacional. A partir de este modelo, se definieron tres indicadores: el cociente global de desarrollo, el cociente a los 4 años y la tendencia del desarrollo. Resultados. Los resultados para las cinco encuestas variaron entre 0,74 y 0,85; 0,88 y 0,81 y -0,15 y -0,26 para el cociente global de desarrollo, cociente global a los 4 años y la tendencia del desarrollo, respectivamente. Se expresó un marcado retraso en el desarrollo y una tendencia progresiva del retraso con la edad. Conclusiones. Los indicadores sondeinterpretación sencilla y se relacionan con indicadores sociales (necesidades básicas insatisfechas, etc.). La obtención de la informaciónnecesaria para realizar los cálculos toma poco tiempo y es aplicable a grupos de población, pero no a individuos.

Introduction. It is necessary to use health indicators describing the conditions of all individuals in a population, not just of those who have a disease or die. Objectives. To introduce a method to collect population indicators of psychomotor development in children younger than 6 years old and show its results. Population and methods. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional assessment regarding compliance with 13 developmental milestones (selected from the national reference) conducted in5465 children using five surveys administered by the Matanza-Riachuelo River Basin Authority in areas of this basin where a high proportion of families with unmet basic needs live. For each survey, a logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the median age at attainment of the 13 developmental milestones. A linear regression model between the estimated age at attainment of the 13 milestones was adjusted for each survey based on the corresponding age at attainment of the national reference. Based on this model, three indicators were defined: overall developmental quotient, developmental quotient at 4 years old, and developmental trend. Results. Results from the five surveys ranged between 0.74 and 0.85, 0.88 and 0.81, and -0.15 and -0.26 for the overall developmental quotient, developmental quotient at 4 years old, and developmental trend, respectively. A distinct developmental delay and an increasing trend in delay with age were observed. Conclusions. Indicators are easily interpreted and related to social indicators (unmet basic needs, etc.). Collecting the information necessary to make estimations takes little time and can be applied to population groups, but not on an individual level.

Desarrollo psicomotor infantil en la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo: pesquisa de problemas inaparentes del desarrollo / ChildÆs Psychomotor Development at Matanza-Riachuelo Basin: screening for Non-Apparent

INTRODUCCION: El desarrollo psicomotor del niño tiene que ver con la expresión de sus potencialidades, su integración social y su desempeño en la vida. La oportuna detección de problemas mediante tamizaje permite realizar intervenciones eficaces y costo-efectivas. La Dirección General de SaludAmbiental (DGSA) de la Autoridad Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo (ACUMAR) realiza encuestas en población vulnerable. OBJETIVO: Detectar problemas de nutrición y desarrollo psicomotor en niños menores de seis años, realizar un análisis toxicológico yuna investigación cualitativa sobre crianza y percepción de problemasambientales, y efectuar una georreferenciación. METODOS:Se recurrió a la Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE) y al Cuestionario PRUNAPE Pre-Pesquisa (CPPP) a cargo de la DGSA. Se realizaron nueve encuestas en las jurisdicciones dela Cuenca û14 municipios del conurbano y parte de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (aproximadamente 5 millones de habitantes)û en más de 7.000 niños. RESULTADOS: El estudioreveló: alta proporción de riesgo de problemas de desarrollo, mayor prevalencia en varones, aumento desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro años y disminución a los cinco. Los principalesdeterminantes fueron: nivel de pobreza/indigencia, nivel educativoparental y bajo peso al nacer. CONCLUSIONES: La instalaciónde esta problemática en la agenda de la DGSA implica un progreso en el enfoque de la salud pública y permite actuarsobre los determinantes para promover el desarrollo infantil.

INTRODUCTION: Childpsychomotor development is related to the expression of potentialities, to social integration andto performance in life. Early detection of problems with screening techniques ensures appropriate and cost-effective interventions. The General Direction of Environmental Health (DGSA) fromMatanza-Riachuelo Basin Authority (ACUMAR) performs surveys on vulnerable population in that highly polluted area. OBJECTIVE: To detect problems of nutrition and psychomotor development in children under six years of age, to perform a toxicological analysis and a qualitative research on rearing practices and environmentalrisk perception, and to make a georeferenced image. METHODS:The DGSA used the National Screening Test (PRUNAPE) and the PRUNAPE Pre-Screening Questionnaire (CPPP). Nine surveys were carried out in more than 7000 children living in the jurisdictionsof the Basin: 14 municipalities of the Buenos Aires metropolitan area and part of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (with over 5 million inhabitants). RESULTS: The study showed a high rateof risk of developmental problems, a higher prevalence in boys than in girls, a growing prevalence from birth up to four years and a decrease at five. The main determinants were poverty and indigence levels, parental educational level and low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of this issue in the DGSA agenda means a significant progress in the public health approach and allows the tackling of major determinants to improve thedevelopment of children.

Validación de un formulario para la detección de niños con alto riesgo de padecer trastornos del desarrollo: Cuestionario PRUNAPE pre-pesquisa / Validation of a questionnaire for the detection of children at risk of developmental disorders: The PRUNAPE Pre-screening Test

Introducción. La administración de la Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE), herramienta efcaz para la detección de trastornos inaparentes del desarrollo en menores de 6 años, requiere capacitación, tiempo, espacio y mobiliario adecuados. Para facilitar esta pesquisa en grandes grupos de población, podría ser útil un cuestionario sencillo a fn de identifcar a los niños en riesgo. Objetivo. Evaluar la validez del cuestionario PRUNAPE pre-pesquisa (CPPP) para identifcar a los niños en riesgo de no pasar la prueba. Métodos. Se transformaron en preguntas 57 pautas PRUNAPE, organizadas en cinco formularios (uno para cada grupo etario entre 6 y 71 meses) con dibujos ilustrativos. El trabajo se realizó en Florencio Varela y en Promoción de la Salud del Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. En una muestra de 533 niños sanos con sus madres, de bajo nivel socioeconómico, el CPPP fue sucesivamente: a) autoadministrado por cada madre (CPPP-A), b) por personal de salud (CPPP-PS), y fnalmente, c) se administró la PRUNAPE a cada niño por profesionales capacitados. Cada paso fue realizado por un profesional diferente en forma de triple ciego. En la elección del punto de corte se priorizó el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) para lograr el menor número posible de falsos positivos. Resultados. Para el CPPP-A y el CPPP-PS, los resultados globales fueron respectivamente: coeficiente kappa de Cohen: 0,23 y 0,28; sensibilidad: 0,41 y 0,42; especifcidad: 0,81 y 0,85; valor predictivo negativo 0,57 y 0,59, y VPP 0,71 y 0,76. Conclusiones. El CPPP resulta una herramienta válida para identifcar a los niños que más necesitan que se les administre la PRUNAPE.

Introduction.The administration of the National Screening Test (PruebaNacional de Pesquisa, PRUNAPE), a tool which is effective to screen inapparent developmental disorders in children under 6 years old, requires adequate training, time, space and furniture. A simple questionnaire to help screen large population groups could be useful to identify children at risk. Objective.To evaluate the validity of the PRUNAPE pre-screening questionnaire (cuestionario PRUNAPE pre-pesquisa, CPPP) to identify children at risk of not passing the test. Methods.Fifty seven PRUNAPE milestones were transformed into questions; they were organized in fve questionnaires (one for each age group between 6 and 71 months old) with illustrative pictures. The study was performed in Florencio Varela and in the Health Promotion Unit of Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez" in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. In a sample of 533 healthy children and their mothers, of a low socio-economic level, the CPPP was consecutively: a) self-administered by each mother (CPPP-SA), b) by healthcare personnel (CPPP-HP), and fnally, c) the PRUNAPE test was administered to each child by qualifed professionals. Each step was performed by a different professional in a triple-blind fashion. When choosing the cutoff point, the positive predictive value (PPV) was prioritized to reach the least possible number of false positives. Results.For the CPPP-SA and the CPPP-HP, the overall results were, respectively: Cohen's kappa coeffcient: 0.23 and 0.28; sensitivity: 0.41 and 0.42; specifcity: 0.81 and 0.85; negative predictive value 0.57 and 0.59; and PPV 0.71 and 0.76. Conclusions.The CPPP is a valid tool to identify children who most require the PRUNAPE to be administered.

Forensic importance of panoramic radiographs for human identification / Importância pericial das radiografias panorâmicas para a identificação humana

Human identification is a procedure of great importance for the proceedings instituted in the various spheres of law, and is also required by the community for cultural or religious reasons. Among the processes of identification, the technique of forensic dentistry is a comparativemethodology in which it is necessary for the person to be identified to have his dental characteristics recorded in some kind of documentationproduced during his lifetime. In this context, panoramic radiographs are extra-oral images often requested by dentists due to the broad viewstructures of the oral-maxillofacial complex, which assist in obtaining the diagnosis and definition of the treatment plan. In this study, a caseof human identification was reported using a panoramic x-ray, produced more than seven years earlier to support the planning of dentaltreatment. The radiographic comparison was made possible because a post-mortem panoramic x-ray was produced, allowing the viewing ofanatomical and reconstructive features with a quality and quantity sufficient to safely establish a positive correlation between the skeletonized corpse and the missing person.

A identificação humana constitui procedimento de grande importância para os processos instaurados nas várias esferas do Direito, tambémsendo exigida pela sociedade por questões culturais/religiosas. Dentre os processos de identificação pode-se citar a identificação odontolegal,uma metodologia comparativa na qual torna-se necessário que o indivíduo a ser identificado possua as suas particularidades odontológicasregistradas em algum tipo de documento produzido em vida. Neste contexto, as radiografias panorâmicas são exames imaginológicosextrabucais freqüentemente solicitados pelos Cirurgiões-dentistas devido à ampla visualização de estruturas do complexo bucomaxilofacial,que auxiliam na obtenção do diagnóstico e delimitação do plano de tratamento. No presente trabalho, foi relatado um caso de identificaçãohumana utilizando-se uma radiografia panorâmica, produzida há mais de sete anos para subsidiar um planejamento ortodôntico. O confrontoradiográfico foi viabilizado realizando-se uma radiografia panorâmica pós-morte que permitiu a visualização de particularidades anatômicas ereabilitadoras com qualidade e quantidade suficientes para estabelecer uma correlação positiva, com segurança, entre o corpo esqueletizadocomo pertencente à pessoa desaparecida.

Quality of life of individuals with sickle cell disease followed at referral centers in Alagoas, Brazil

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is a genetic, hereditary and chronic disease that affects the health of its carriers and might impair their health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to assess the health-related quality of life of individuals with sickle cell disease followed at referral centers in Alagoas, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 40 individuals with sickle cell disease aged 12 to 43 years old were evaluated by means of sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory. The latter was applied only to adults. RESULTS: Most participants were adults (62.5%) with a predominance of the SS genotype (85%) with pain being the commonest complication (95%). Mood disorder was found in 40% of the adults. The patients exhibited overall impairment of quality of life, which was more pronounced among the adults and under 15-year-old adolescents. Married adults exhibited less impairment of most quality of life domains compared to unmarried adults, and the adults with mood disorder exhibited greater impairment of all quality of life domains. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that interventions that aim to improve vitality, pain, and mental health might contribute to maintaining high levels of quality of life in patients with sickle cell disease, especially among adults and under 15-year-old adolescents.

Adenocarcinoma de cólon originado de pólipo adenomatoso tubular: relato de caso / Adenocarcinoma of the colon origenated in adenomatous tubular polyp: case report

Os autores apresentam um caso de câncer cólon-retal, diagnosticado e tratado com cirurgia curativa, que se originou de um pequeno pólito adenomatoso tubular, em um paciente que apresentava ao mesmo tempo pólipo adenomatoso tubular no cólon sigmóide e pólipo adenomatoso viloso no cólon esquerdo.

Apendicite aguda isquêmica em coelhos: novo modelo com estudo histopatológico / Acute ischaemic appendicitis in rabbits: new model with histopathological study

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a isquemia parcial ou total, através da ligadura com fio inabsorvível dos vasos do mesoapêndice do apêndice vermiforme de coelhos, bem como a obstrução mecânica, através da ligadura com fio inabsorvível da base do apêndice vermiforme, a 1 cm do ceco. Avaliar a histologia do apêndice ( normal e acometido ). Estudar a flora bacteriana residente no apêndice vermiforme ( normal e acometido ) e do exsudato peritoneal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 72 coelhos ( "Oryctogalus cuniculos" ), machos da linhagem Nova Zelândia, com peso médio de 3,000 gramas. Foram divididos em grupos: piloto ( A ), flora bacteriana ( B ), controle ( H ) e experimento ( C, D, E, F e G ) com períodos de observação de 96 horas e 192 horas. Fez-se a ligadura dos vasos do mesoapêndice, com fio inabsorvível nos grupos ( D, E, F e G ) e da base do apêndice vermiforme a 1 cm do ceco, no grupo ( C ) . No grupo experimento (D,E,F e G ) foi praticado o modelo isquêmico. No grupo experimento ( C ) foi realizada a obstrução mecânica e no grupo controle ( H ) foi feita somente a simulação da cirurgia. RESULTADOS: No grupo controle ( H ), não ocorreu apendicite aguda. No grupo experimento ( C,D,E,F, e G ) ocorreu apendicite aguda. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento utilizado causa apendicite aguda com alterações anatomopatológicas distintas. A bactéria residente encontrada na flora fisiológica do suco entérico do apêndice vermiforme e no exsudato peritoneal foi a Escherichia coli.

Divertículo do apêndice vermiforme / Diverticulum of the vermiform appendix

The authors present three cases report of appendicular diverticulum with associated diverticulitis, one of them asymptomatic. The clinical distinction between acute apendicitis and apendical diverticulitis is very difficult, the later usually with earlier suppuration. The are no consensus regarding preventive surgery for apendical diverticulitis. It is possible that incidence of apendicular diverticulum depends on careful anatomopathological exams.

Apendicite aguda isquêmica em coelhos: um novo modelo com estudo histopatológico / Acute ischaemic appendicitis in rabbits: new model with histopathological study

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a isquemia parcial ou total do apêndice vermiforme de coelhos, através da ligadura com fio inabsorvível dos vasos do meso apêndice bem como a obstrução mecânica, através da ligadura com fio inabsorvível da base do apêndice a 1 cm do ceco, na patogênese da apendicite aguda. Avaliar a histologia do apêndice (normal e acometido). Estudar a flora bacteriana residente no apêndice vermiforme (normal e acometido) e do exsudato peritoneal. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 72 coelhos (Oryctogalus cuniculos), machos, da linhagem Nova Zelândia, com peso médio de 3.000 gramas. Foram divididos em grupos: piloto (A), flora bacteriana (B), controle (H) e experimento (C, D, E, F e G) com períodos de observação de 96 horas e 192 horas. Fez-se a ligadura dos vasos do meso apêndice com fio inabsorvível nos grupos (D, E, F e G) e da base do apêndice vermiforme a 1 cm do ceco, no grupo (C). No grupo experimento (D, E, F e G) foi praticado o modelo isquêmico. No grupo experimento (C) foi realizada a obstrução mecânica e no grupo controle (H) foi feita somente a simulação da cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu apendicite aguda no grupo experimento (C,D,E,F, e G). CONCLUSÕES: O método utilizado causa apendicite aguda com alterações anatomopatológicas distintas. A bactéria residente encontrada na flora fisiológica do suco entérico do apêndice vermiforme e no exsudato peritoneal foi Escherichia coli.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate partial or total ischemia, through ligature with an unabsorbed thread of vessels from the vermiform appendix of rabbits, as well as the mechanical obstruction, through ligature with an unabsorbed thread at the basis of the vermiform appendix, at 1 cm from the cecum, in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis. To evaluate the histology of the appendix (normal and affected). To study the resident bacterium flora in the appendix (normal and affected) and the peritonitis exudate. METHODS: Seventy- two male rabbits (Oryctogalus cuniculus), from New Zealand lineage were used, weighting approximately 3.000 grams. The animals were divided into: pilot (A), bacterium flora (B), control (H) and experiment (C,D, E, F and G) groups, and were observed in periods of 96 hours and 192 hours. A ligature with an unabsorbed thread of vessels from the meso appendix was performed in group D,E,F,G (ischemic model), and of the base of the appendix, 1 cm from the cecum, in group C (mechanical obstruction). In the (H) control group only the surgical simulation was performed. RESULTS: Acute appendicitis was detected in experiment group (C, D, E, F and G). CONCLUSION: The method used causes acute appendicitis with distinct anatomopathological alterations. The main bacteria found in the physiological flora of the enteric juice of the vermiform appendix and in the exudates peritonitis was Escherichia coli.

Adenocarcinoma primário de duodeno / Adenocarcinoma of duodenum

Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is an extremely rare disease, and represents only 0.35 percent of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Early detection of the disease may be difficult because of the absence of pathognomonic symptoms. The authors relate one case of a adenocarcinoma of the duodenum in a 61-year-old white man with a history of abdominal pain for a six-month period, associated with postprandial fullness, vomiting and weight loss. Contrasted x-ray and computerized tomography showed a tumor in the fourth segment of the duodenum, with partial obstruction of the lumen. Histological study revealed a moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma. Treatment consisted of resection of the fourth portion of duodenum. The authors comment on the most important aspects of this pathology.

A mulher mais idosa do mundo? / The oldest woman in the world?

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, melanodérmica, solteira, portadora do que a ciência busca 24 horas por dia: a longevidade. Parece ser a mulher mais idosa do planeta, comprovado através de documentaçäo legal. Segundo o livro dos recordes, o Guinness, em sua primeira ediçäo brasileira 1992, na página 71, a pessoa viva mais idosa (117 anos) é Jeanne Louise Calment, cuja data de nascimento pôde ser autenticada de maneira confiável a 21 de fevereiro de 1875, na França. A mulher mais velha do mundo, no entanto, atende por outro nome e vive em outro lugar. Sua existência, como sugere prudentemente o Guinness, também "pôde ser autenticada de maneira confiável". Tem até certidäo de nascimento, expedida pela paróquia do Carmo de Minas, MG, pertencente à Diocese de Campanha, MG. Ela nasceu em 05 de março de 1871, vive em Itajubá, MG, no Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, e é de fato, com seus 122 anos e 8 meses, a pessoa de vida mais longa de que se tem noticia. Ela foi escrava, apanhou muito, dormiu em senzala, näo sabe quem é o pai e näo tem sobrenome. Este é o primeiro trabalho de cárater científico com exames laboratoriais feito no Brasil sobre uma pessoa extremamente idosa.