Dental caries in mother-child pairs from Xingu

AIM: To describe cases of dental caries in Indian mother-child pairs of the middle and lower Xingu River - Xingu Indigenous Park. METHODS: A total of 246 children aged 3-5 years old and their respective mothers took part in this study. Caries indexes dmft and DMFT were analyzed for deciduous and permanent dentitions, respectively, according to criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Analysis of the DMFT index showed a mean value of 14.3 for mothers. In mothers aged between 35 and 44 years, tooth loss accounted for more than 80% of the total index score. With regard to the children, dmft index was 4.7, on average, and only 13.4% were caries-free. No significant correlation was found between mother and child caries experience (p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that it is important to consider the community as a whole, and not only the mother, regarding the oral health of indigenous children. Community should be involved in the planning of strategies for caries prevention and health promotion, taking into account the socio-cultural complexity and specificities of indigenous population and adapt them to the local reality for these strategies to become actually effective.

Projeto de extensão da FOB/USP Rondônia e o pensamento crítico social na formação do fonoaudiólogo e odontólogo: uma ação educativa transformadora / Extension project of FOB USP Rondônia and the critical thinking in the social formation of the speech therapist and dentist: a transforming educational action

Esta pesquisa discute a prática da extensão universitária no pensamento defendido por Paulo Freire. Nesta pedagogia dialógica, docentes e discentes interagem com a realidade que apreendem e extraem o conteúdo da aprendizagem, com possibilidades de fazê-lo melhor, a fim de nela atuarem, proporcionando um espaço privilegiado à transformação social. Para tanto foram entrevistados 10 discentes do curso de Odontologia e Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Universidade de São Paulo, participantes do Projeto de Extensão FOB USP Rondônia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal onde foi utilizado método qualitativo para coleta de informações, análise do conteúdo de entrevistas e documentos, mapeamento das ações quanto ao plano acadêmico, relação docente/discente/sociedade num novo espaço de ensino aprendizagem. Através da análise documental, das entrevistas realizadas, da observação e interação no cenário onde desenvolvem as atividades propostas no projeto de extensão da FOB em Rondônia, docentes, funcionários da universidade, discentes e sociedade; interagem e a mudança do cenário de aprendizagem contribui para a formação dos discentes de Fonoaudiologia e Odontologia em dois níveis: na formação técnica e na formação para a qualidade das relações. Conclui-se ancorado pelo conceito de Paulo Freire, onde os discentes dialogam com a realidade local, respeitam à diversidade cultural e a autonomia de seus atos; o projeto de extensão da FOB em Rondônia propicia a reflexão e ação em cenários da realidade nacional e regional, produz conhecimento interdisciplinar e favorece a visão integrada do social, sendo indissociável do ensino e da pesquisa.

This research discusses the practice of university extension in thinking advocated by Paulo Freire. In this dialogical pedagogy, teachers and students interact with the reality they learn and extract the content of learning, with opportunities to do it better, in order to act on it, thus providing social transformation with a privileged space. Therefore, 10 students from the dental and speech therapy courses of the Dental School with the University of São Paulo, campus at Bauru, participating in the FOB Rondônia Extension project were investigated. This is a cross-sectional study which used a qualitative method for information gathering, analysis of the content of interviews and documents, mapping of the actions as to the academic plan, teacher/student/society ratio in a new teaching/learning space. Through documentary analysis, interviews performed, observation and interaction in the scenario where extension activities are developed, it is clear that the contribution to the training of dentistry and speech therapy students occurs in two levels: in the technical training and the training for relation quality, anchored by Paulo Freire´s concept, in which students dialogue with the local reality, respect cultural diversity and the autonomy of their actions. Thus, it can be concluded that the activities proposed in FOB´s extension project in Rondônia involve teachers, university staff, students and society; it provides the reflection and action in scenarios of national and regional realities, producing interdisciplinary knowledge and promoting the integrated vision of society, being inseparable from teaching and research.

Projeto de extensão da FOB/USP Rondônia e o pensamento crítico social na formação do fonoaudiólogo e odontólogo: uma ação educativa transformadora / Extension project of FOB USP Rondônia and the critical thinking in the social formation of the speech therapist and dentist: a transforming educational action

Esta pesquisa discute a prática da extensão universitária no pensamento defendido por Paulo Freire. Nesta pedagogia dialógica, docentes e discentes interagem com a realidade que apreendem e extraem o conteúdo da aprendizagem, com possibilidades de fazê-lo melhor, a fim de nela atuarem, proporcionando um espaço privilegiado à transformação social. Para tanto foram entrevistados 10 discentes do curso de Odontologia e Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Universidade de São Paulo, participantes do Projeto de Extensão FOB USP Rondônia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal onde foi utilizado método qualitativo para coleta de informações, análise do conteúdo de entrevistas e documentos, mapeamento das ações quanto ao plano acadêmico, relação docente/discente/sociedade num novo espaço de ensino aprendizagem. Através da análise documental, das entrevistas realizadas, da observação e interação no cenário onde desenvolvem as atividades propostas no projeto de extensão da FOB em Rondônia, docentes, funcionários da universidade, discentes e sociedade; interagem e a mudança do cenário de aprendizagem contribui para a formação dos discentes de Fonoaudiologia e Odontologia em dois níveis: na formação técnica e na formação para a qualidade das relações. Conclui-se ancorado pelo conceito de Paulo Freire, onde os discentes dialogam com a realidade local, respeitam à diversidade cultural e a autonomia de seus atos; o projeto de extensão da FOB em Rondônia propicia a reflexão e ação em cenários da realidade nacional e regional, produz conhecimento interdisciplinar e favorece a visão integrada do social, sendo indissociável do ensino e da pesquisa.

This research discusses the practice of university extension in thinking advocated by Paulo Freire. In this dialogical pedagogy, teachers and students interact with the reality they learn and extract the content of learning, with opportunities to do it better, in order to act on it, thus providing social transformation with a privileged space. Therefore, 10 students from the dental and speech therapy courses of the Dental School with the University of São Paulo, campus at Bauru, participating in the FOB Rondônia Extension project were investigated. This is a cross-sectional study which used a qualitative method for information gathering, analysis of the content of interviews and documents, mapping of the actions as to the academic plan, teacher/student/society ratio in a new teaching/learning space. Through documentary analysis, interviews performed, observation and interaction in the scenario where extension activities are developed, it is clear that the contribution to the training of dentistry and speech therapy students occurs in two levels: in the technical training and the training for relation quality, anchored by Paulo Freire´s concept, in which students dialogue with the local reality, respect cultural diversity and the autonomy of their actions. Thus, it can be concluded that the activities proposed in FOB´s extension project in Rondônia involve teachers, university staff, students and society; it provides the reflection and action in scenarios of national and regional realities, producing interdisciplinary knowledge and promoting the integrated vision of society, being inseparable from teaching and research.

O modelo de atenção a saúde bucal no Médio e Baixo Xingu: parcerias, processos e perspectivas / The oral health care model in Middle and Low Xingu: partnerships, processes, and perspectives

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as ações desenvolvidas na construção do modelo de atenção em saúde no Distrito Especial Indígena - Xingu (DSEI-Xingu), mais especificamente, na área de saúde bucal, com a efetiva parceria entre a Universidade Federal do Estado de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (FORP-USP) e a Colgate®, que permitiu a construção social da práxis em saúde no Médio e Baixo Xingu. Ao longo da história, o DSEI "Espaço Social" é onde as comunidades se constituem e, por meio do processo social de produção, cria acessos diferenciados aos bens de consumo, além de formar a base para a organização dos serviços de atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas. Para o DSEI-Xingu, são pontos básicos o estabelecimento de parcerias institucionais e a participação efetiva dos povos indígenas na gestão da saúde em seu território. Estruturado no planejamento baseado em problemas sentidos pela população, utiliza-se da construção coletiva de redes explicativas, apontando soluções em vários planos com abordagem intersetorial. É através da observação dos indicadores de saúde que se torna perceptível a assimilação das comunidades indígenas com o recente modelo de atenção básica à saúde bucal, uma vez que constantemente está sendo adaptado à cultura, à tradição e às singularidades desses povos indígenas.

The purpose of this article is to present the actions developed to create the health care model at the Special Indigenous District - Xingu (DSEI-Xingu); particularly regarding oral health. An effective partnership established among the following institutions University Federal of State São Paulo, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Dentistry and Colgate®, allowed the development of social health praxis at Middle and Low Xingu. The "Social Space" DSEI, which throughout the history, communities have developed and, through the social process of production, create differentiated accesses to consumer goods, is the basis for organizing health care services for the indigenous population. The DSEI-Xingu considers that establishing institutional partnerships as well as the effective participation of indigenous populations in health management in their territory is essential. Structured by plans based on population-reported problems, it uses the collective construction of explanatory networks, presenting solutions at different levels through an intersectorial approach. By observing health indicators, the indigenous communities' understanding of the recent primary health care model becomes perceptible, since it has been constantly applied to their culture, tradition, and uniqueness.

Periodontal status of an indigenous population at the Xingu Reserve

Aim: To describe the prevalence of periodontal disease in the indigenous population of the Middle and Lower Xingu compared to the non-indigenous Brazilian population. Methods: The evaluated indigenous population of the Xingu Reserve had oral and dental examinations performed by calibrated examiners assisted by Oral Health Indigenous Agents. From a sample of 2,299 indigenous subjects, epidemiological investigations were conducted in 1,911 individuals, using the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. Comparative periodontal data from the nonindigenous population were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s national epidemiological survey on oral health conditions (“SB Brasil” project). The periodontal data of 508 indigenous individuals were presented by age intervals of 15-19 (n=219), 35-44 (n=128) and 65-74 (n=161) years. Results: In the non-indigenous population, the periodontally healthy individuals were 46.2%, 21.9% and 7.9% for each age group, respectively, and in the Xingu population they were 28.76%, 3.12% and 0% for each age group, respectively. The most frequent finding in the Xingu population was the presence of calculus in 62.55% of younger people, 82.03% of adults and 45.45% of the elderly. The analysis by sextants demonstrated the presence of calculus in 25.04%, 44.79% and 18.18% for young, adults and elderly respectively. Conclusions: Despite the higher prevalence of calculus, in all age groups of the indigenous population, tooth loss does not seem to follow the same pattern observed in the non-indigenous Brazilian population, suggesting differences in susceptibility, habits or conditions.