relation of health-related practices of pregnant women, fatigue and prenatal attachment

Objective: To examine the relation of the health-related practices of expectant mothers during pregnancy and fatigue in mother and prenatal attachment. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, between February and April 2016

Methodology: The study sample consisted of pregnant women [at least 20-week gestation] aged 18 years or above [n=211] who applied to prenatal care services and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected through a Personal Information Form, Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory [PAI]

Results: The PAI medians of the participants were 55 [42-64], and the BFI medians were 30 [23-42], and a negative, statistically significant relationship was found between BFI and PAI [r= -0.184, p=0.007]

Conclusion: Expectant mothers who develop positive health behaviors during pregnancy feel less fatigue and positively affect the prenatal attachment. It is important to evaluate prenatal attachment and identify the mother with low attachment scores

The Relationship Between Maternal Attachment, Perceived Social Support and Breast-Feeding Sufficiency

Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal attachment, perceived social support and breast-feeding sufficiency. Study Design: Descriptive correlational design. Place and Duration of Study: A state hospital and two family health centers in Sakarya, Turkey, between June to December 2011. Methodology: The sample was 122 voluntary mothers who had healthy babies of 1 - 2 months old. The data were collected by a Personal Information Form, Maternal Attachment Inventory [MAI], Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [MSPSS] and Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form [BSES-SF]. The data collected were analysed by percentage distribution, mean square, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskall-Wallis and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 25.01 +/- 2.2 years, and 48.4% of them were primary school graduates. BSESSF was 61.02 +/- 8.44 [16 - 70], MAI was 99.07 +/- 7.19 [56 - 100] and MSPSS was 66.40 +/- 13.58 [37 - 84]. There was a positive, medium level, significant relationship between the total scores of BSES-SF and MAI [r=0.370, p < 0.001]. There was a positive, medium level, significant relationship between the total score of BSES-SF and the score from family subdimension of MSPSS [r=0.255, p < 0.01].There was a positive, medium level, significant relationship between the total score of MAI and the total score of family subdimension of MSPSS [r=0.339, p < 0.001]. Conclusion: Successful maternal attachment and familial support positively affected the breast-feeding sufficiency of the mother. Key Words: Breast-feeding. Self-sufficiency. Attachment. Maternal attachment. Social support

Breastfeeding Self-efficacy of Mothers and the Affecting Factors / La autoeficacia de las madres en cuanto a la lactancia y los factores que la afectan / A autoeficacia das mães quanto à lactancia e os fatores que a afetam

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers in the 0-3 month period and the affecting factors. Material and methods: The study was conducted between January-April 2011. The universe of the study consisted of all the mothers who were living in the center of Sakarya province and had infants ages 0-3 months. The sample used in the study consisted of 152 mothers who agreed to participate. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the mothers, using the "Personal Information Form" developed by the researchers and the "Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale-Short Form / BSES-SF" developed by Dennis. Turkish validity and reliability of the scale were done by Tokat et al. (2010). The data were evaluated with the SPSS program, using percentages, averages, the t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Results: The average total score from the "taken BSES-SF" was determined as 58.61 ± 8.93, min = 16, max = 70. No significant differences were found between the scale score and maternal age (F = 0.437, p = 0.781), maternal education (F = 0.625, p = 0.645), economic status (F = 0.253, p = 0.777) and mode of delivery (t = 0.922, p = 0.358). The mean scores were determined as being higher for mothers who indicated having received training for breastfeeding compared to others who indicated having received no such training, and the difference between the scale score was statistically significant (X2 = 50.848, p = 0.010). Conclusions: Requirements for developing breastfeeding adequacy among mothers were determined. Nurses can give the necessary support to low breast-feeding mothers by assessing and identifying those requirements with help of this scale.

Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la autoeficacia de las madres en cuanto a la lactancia durante el período de 0-3 meses y los factores que la afectan. Materiales y métodos: el estudio se realizó entre enero y abril de 2011. El universo del estudio estuvo compuesto por todas las madres que vivían en el centro de la provincia de Sakarya y tenían niños lactantes de 0-3 meses. La muestra utilizada en el estudio estuvo conformada por 152 madres que aceptaron participar. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas cara a cara con las madres, utilizando el "Formulario de Información Personal" desarrollado por los investigadores y el "Formulario de Escala de Autoeficacia en Lactancia - versión abreviada/ BSES-SF" desarrollado por Dennis. La validez y confiabilidad de la escala usada en Turquía fueron medidas por Tokat et al. (2010). Los datos fueron evaluados a través del programa SPSS, utilizando los porcentajes, los promedios, la prueba t, el chi-cuadrado y ANOVA. Resultados: el puntaje total promedio de la "BSES-SF tomada" se determinó como 58,61 ± 8,93, min. = 16, máx. = 70. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre el puntaje de la escala y la edad materna (F = 0,437, p = 0,781), la educación materna (F = 0,625, p = 0,645), la situación económica (F = 0,253, p = 0,777) y el tipo de parto (t = 0,922, p = 0,358). Los puntajes promedio fueron mayores para las madres que indicaron haber recibido capacitación para la lactancia materna en comparación con otras que indicaron no haber recibido dicha formación, y la diferencia entre el puntaje de la escala fue estadísticamente significativa (X2 = 50,848, p = 0,010). Conclusiones: los requisitos para el desarrollo de un nivel adecuado de lactancia materna entre las madres fueron identificados. Las enfermeras pueden dar el apoyo necesario a las madres con bajo nivel de lactancia mediante la evaluación y la identificación de los requisitos con la ayuda de esta escala.

Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a autoeficácia das mães quanto à lactancia durante o período de 0-3 meses e os fatores que a afetam. Materiais e métodos: o estudo foi realizado entre janeiro e abril de 2011. O universo do estudo esteve composto por todas as mães que moravam no centro da província de Sakarya e tinham crianças lactantes de 0-3 meses. A amostra utilizada no estudo esteve conformada por 152 mães que aceitaram participar. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas cara a cara com as mães, utilizando o "Formulário de Informação Pessoal" desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores e pelo "Formulário de Escala de Autoeficácia em Lactancia - versão abreviada BSES-SF" desenvolvido por Dennis. A validade e confiabilidade da escala usada na Turquia foram medidas por Tokat et al. (2010). Os dados foram avaliados por meio do programa SPSS, utilizando as porcentagens, as médias, a prova t, o qui-quadrado e Anova. Resultados: a pontuação total média da "BSES-SF tomada" foi determinada como 58,61 ± 8,93, min. = 16, máx. = 70. Não se constataram diferenças significativas entre a pontuação da escala e a da idade materna (F = 0,437, p = 0,781), da educação materna (F = 0,625, p = 0,645), da situação econômica (F = 0,253, p = 0,777) e do tipo de parto (t = 0,922, p = 0,358). As pontuações médias foram maiores para as mães que indicaram ter recebido capacitação para a lactancia materna em comparação com outras que indicaram não ter recebido essa formação, e a diferença entre a pontuação da escala foi estatisticamente significativa (X2 = 50,848, p = 0,010). Conclusões: os requisitos para o desenvolvimento de um nível adequado de lactancia materna entre as mães foram identificados. As enfermeiras podem dar o apoio necessário às mães com baixo nível de lactancia mediante a avaliação e a identificação dos requisitos com a ajuda dessa escala.

Risk factors for urinary incontinence in Turkish women: a cross-sectional study

To explore the association between conventional risk factors and urinary leakage among a random sample of adult Turkish women. Six hundred and fifty patients [mean age 33.2 +/- 10.6 years; range 17-65 years] attending 6 Primary Health Care Centers in the Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey were randomly enrolled in this study, between September 2005 and December 2005. After signing their informed consent, all patients filled in a questionnaire consisting of questions inquiring any kind of urinary leakage, related symptomatology and personal medical history. One hundred and six women [16.4%] with urinary incontinence [UI] were reported. The most frequent type of incontinence was mixed UI [n=65, 61.3%]. The prevalence of stress UI among all incontinent women was 20.8% [n=22] and urge UI 17.9% [n=19]. The prevalence was associated with age, body mass index and parity. Number of pregnancies was positively correlated with prevalence of incontinence [r=0.30, p<0.001]. Women who had >2 deliveries had a higher risk of UI [odds ratio = 4.04, 95% confidence interval, 2.37 to 6.89, p<0.001]. The results of this study supported previous reports revealing that age, body mass index, type of deliveries and number of pregnancies/deliveries are risk factors of UI, and showed that age, body mass index and number of pregnancies should be regarded as independent risk factors