RESUMO
Background: Antenatal care is a core component of safe motherhood initiative and it helps indirectly in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the obvious benefits of antenatal care, utilization of this service is very poor in our environment. Therefore, this study sought to assess the gestational age at booking, the reason for booking and determine the factors responsible for late booking among antenatal attendees at the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted 5th May 2016 and 10th June 2016 among 258 consecutive pregnant women who presented for booking at the antenatal clinic of the hospital, using self-administered, pre-tested questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info 7.2.1.Results: The mean gestational age at booking was 21.5±4.8 weeks. The mean age of the respondents was 28.2±3.8 years while the mean parity was 1.5±1.6 years. Most of the women booked after the first trimester of pregnancy, only 61(24.8%) of the respondents booked in the first trimester of pregnancy. Majority of the women had no problem at booking 36.7%. Women aged 20-34 years booked late compared to women aged less than 20 years and those above 34 years and the difference was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in maternal parity, education, marital status and religion with regards timing of booking. However, women who were sick during the first trimester were more likely to book early as well as women who booked early in their previous pregnancy.Conclusions: Late booking was common in our environment. There is an urgent need for increase awareness of the benefits of early booking to pregnancy outcome.
RESUMO
Background:Though pleasurable, coitus may result in morbidity and even mortality. One of such morbidities is coital trauma, a global occurrence that is grossly under reported. This study aimed to determine the causes and risk factorsfor coital trauma as well as its clinical presentation. Methods:This was a 4year retrospective study of patients that presented with coital injuries at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Data were obtained from patients’ clinical notes using a specially designed proforma. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi InfoTM 7.2.1.Results:The majority of women that presented with coital trauma were adolescents (67.9%). Most of them were single (92.9%), nulliparous (89.3%) and had only primary education (57.1%). The commonest cause of coital trauma was rape (75%). The commonest risk factors were inadequate foreplay (57.1%) and coitarche (42.9%). Other risk factors were genital disproportion, pregnancy, puerperium and influence of drugs. The common clinical presentations were vaginal bruises (75%) and vaginal lacerations (64.3%) while the commonest site of injury was the hymen (42.9%) followed by the vulva (35.7%). Other less common sites of injury were the lower vagina and posterior fornix.Conclusions:Coital trauma is relatively common and young girls are mainly affected. Rape is the major cause while inadequate foreplay and coitarche are the major predisposing factors.
RESUMO
Background:Threatened miscarriage is the commonest complication of pregnancy and has been aBackground: Threatened miscarriage is the commonest complication of pregnancy and has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the association between threatened miscarriage and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study undertaken at the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. The study involved 228 women presenting with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester and 228 asymptomatic matched controls. The statistical analysis was done using Epi info version 7.1.5, March 2015 (CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA).Results: Women with threatened miscarriage were more likely to have preterm delivery (OR = 7.1, 95% CI = 3.51-14.32, P <0.0001), placenta praevia (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.13 - 5.26, P = 0.03), placental abruption (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.40 - 9.03, P = 0.01) and retained placenta (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.18 - 6.97, P = 0.02). Similarly, women with first trimester threatened miscarriage were more likely to develop postpartum haemorrhage (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.17 - 5.06, P = 0.02). There was no significant differences in the stillbirth rate, Apgar scores at 5 minutes less than 7, admission into neonatal intensive care unit and early neonatal death. Threatened miscarriage was associated with intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.77 - 6.88, P <0.0001) and low birth weight <2.kg (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.33 - 7.69, P = 0.01).Conclusions: Women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the risk factors should be taken into consideration when deciding upon antenatal surveillance and management of their pregnancies.