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1.
Rev. salud pública ; 14(6): 91-100, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-703444

RESUMO

Objetivo Describir la capacidad de respuesta de hombres en situación de desplazamiento frente a problemas de salud sexual y reproductiva, particularmente frente a las ITS/VIH/SIDA. Metodología Se realizó un estudio etnográfico en Medellín, Colombia, entre marzo y noviembre de 2010, con hombres en situación de desplazamiento quienes se encontraban viviendo en albergues. Se utilizaron las técnicas de observación y entrevista semi-estructurada. Se entrevistaron 19 hombres con menos de 1 año de estar en condición de desplazamiento forzado. Resultados Se analizaron tres categorías: desplazamiento y efectos en la vida cotidiana, aspectos relacionados con la sexualidad y capacidad de respuesta. Los hombres, a pesar de tener información sobre el condón y de percibir el riesgo frente las ITS/VIH/SIDA, no toman medidas preventivas durante sus prácticas sexuales, y asumen conductas de riesgo. Las condiciones de vida en el albergue, las pocas oportunidades de trabajo y la cultura respecto a su masculinidad, aumentan el riesgo de ITS y disminuyen su capacidad de respuesta. Conclusión La capacidad de respuesta a ITS/VIH/SIDA en los hombres en situación de desplazamiento reciente está disminuida debido a las condiciones materiales, y sicosociales del proceso que enfrentan. Se requieren políticas y programas que aborden las necesidades específicas de este grupo, orientadas a mejorar la información, el acceso a los servicios y oportunidades de un trabajo digno.


Objective Describing displaced males' responsiveness regarding issues concerning sexual and reproductive health, particularly contracting STI/HIV/AIDS. Methodology An ethnographic study concerning displaced males who were living in shelters was carried out in Medellín, Colombia, from March to November 2010; observation and semi-structured interview techniques were used. Nineteen men(with and without a partner) aged 18to60years old were interviewed; they had been suffering the effects of forced displacement for less than 1 year. The results were analyzed following grounded theory guidelines. Results Three main categories were analyzed: having been forcibly displaced and such impact on their daily life, issues related to their sexuality and their ability to respond. Despite forcibly displaced male shaving information about condo muse and perceiving the risk posed by STI/HIV/AIDS, they did not take preventative measures when engaging in their sexual practices and most assumed various risky behavior patterns. Living conditions in the hostel, few job opportunities and the culture regarding machismo increased the risk of acquiring an STI and decreased their responsiveness to them. Conclusion Responsiveness to STI/HIV/AID Sin males who had been experiencing the hardships of having been recently displaced was seen to have become reduced because of the material and psychosocial conditions which they had to face. Policies and programs addressing this group's specific needs are required which are aimed at improving information regarding sexual and reproductive health, access to services and opportunities for decent work.


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Populações Vulneráveis , Colômbia , Emigração e Imigração
2.
Rev. salud pública ; 14(1): 15-27, 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-659897

RESUMO

Objetivo Analizar las publicaciones científicas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva de los hombres en Colombia en las dos últimas décadas y determinar los principales hallazgos sobre el conocimiento del tema en nuestro país. Metodología Se realizó una revisión sistemática, sobre publicaciones científicas de la salud sexual y reproductiva de los hombres en Colombia, en diferentes bases de datos internacionales. Los criterios de inclusión fueron investigaciones en hombres heterosexuales o en hombres y mujeres entre 1990 y 2010, en idioma inglés y español. Resultados La salud sexual se ha abordado predominantemente de manera cuantitativa y recientemente de manera cualitativa. De 32 artículos analizados, sólo 4 (12,5 %) rescataron la voz masculina; La mayoría se orientó hacia la población joven, estudiantes de colegios y universidades en quienes se exploraron conocimiento, percepción, comportamientos y conductas de riesgo frente a la salud sexual y reproductiva; no se encontraron artículos que indagaran la salud sexual de los adultos mayores, sólo 1 articulo exploró aspectos relacionados con la disfunción eréctil y ninguno hizo énfasis aspectos culturales de alguna región. Conclusiones Los estudios sobre salud sexual desde la perspectiva masculina fueron pocos; las políticas y servicios de salud, centran su atención en las necesidades de la mujer, situación que limita la participación y la identificación de las necesidades de los hombres frente a esta problemática.La inclusión de la diversidad cultural y de género, especialmente de la perspectiva masculina, constituye un reto para el diseño integral de Programas y Servicios de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en Colombia.


Objective Analysing scientific publications about male sexual and reproductive health in Colombia during the last two decades and determining the main findings about knowledge regarding the topic in Colombia. Methodology A systematic review was made of scientific publications in international databases concerned with male sexual and reproductive health in Colombia. Inclusion criteria concerned research concerning heterosexual males or men and women from 1990 to 2010 in both English and Spanish. Results Sexual health has mainly been approached quantitatively and, more recently, qualitatively. Only 4 (12.5 %) of the 32 articles analysed dealt with an adult population; most were orientated towards a younger population (i.e. school and university students) who were questioned about their knowledge and perception of risk behaviour and conduct regarding sexual and reproductive health; no articles were found which inquired about older males' sexual health, only 1 article explored aspects related to erectile dysfunction and none emphasised cultural aspects related to a particular region. Conclusions Few studies were found concerning male sexual health; health policy and services were centred on female needs, thereby limiting male participation and/or identifying their needs in this area. Including cultural diversity and gender, especially from a male perspective, represents a challenge for the integral design of sexual and reproductive health programmes and services in Colombia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Heterossexualidade , Saúde do Homem , Saúde Reprodutiva , Colômbia , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Política de Saúde
3.
Rev. salud pública ; 13(2): 183-195, abr. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-602866

RESUMO

Objetivo Analizar la autoimagen e imagen social de las mujeres compañeras de migrantes (MCM) y su relación con la búsqueda de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) en comunidades con alto índice de intensidad migratoria a Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Método Entre octubre de 2004 y mayo de 2005 se realizaron 60 entrevistas en profundidad a MCM y 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas a integrantes de sus familias, 14 representantes de organizaciones sociales, 10 representantes de los servicios de salud y 31 hombres y mujeres residentes de la comunidad. Resultados La autoimagen e imagen social de las MCM es de mujeres "desprotegidas", "solas", "sin pareja sexual" y por lo tanto inactivas sexualmente. En consecuencia "no deben padecer ITS, usar anticonceptivos, ni embarazarse" cuando su compañero está en EUA. La búsqueda de servicios de SSR se encuentra relacionada con la autoimagen, la imagen social y el comportamiento esperado de estas mujeres predominando la noción de control familiar o social, la cual está relacionada con sus condiciones de convivencia o no con familiares. Conclusiones Las MCM que conviven con su familia o la de su compañero son sujeto de mayor control "familiar" para buscar servicios de SSR. Por el contrario, las MCM que viven solas son sujeto de mayor control "social" sobre este proceso. La autoimagen e imagen social de mujeres inactivas sexualmente parece incidir en el comportamiento social de estas mujeres y puede constituirse en un obstáculo para la búsqueda oportuna de servicios de SSR en comunidades con alta intensidad migratoria.


Objective Analysing the self-image and social image of migrants' female partners (MFP) and their relationship with the search for sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in communities having a high US migratory intensity index. Methods 60 MFP were subjected to in-depth interviews between October 2004 and May 2005 and 19 semi-structured interviews were held with members of their families, 14 representatives from social organisations, 10 health service representatives and 31 men and women residing in the community. Results MFP self-image and social image regards women as being "vulnerable", "alone", "lacking sexual partner" and thus being sexually inactive. Consequently, "they must not contract sexually-transmitted diseases (STD), use contraceptives or become pregnant" when their partners are in the USA. The search for SRHS services was found to be related to self-image, social image and the notion of family or social control predominated in the behaviour expected for these women which, in turn, was related to conditions regarding their coexistence (or not) with their families. Conclusions MFP living with their family or their partner's family were subject to greater "family" control in their search for SRHS services. On the contrary, MFP living alone were subjected to greater "social" control over such process. Sexuallyinactive women's self-image and social image seems to have a bearing on such women's social behaviour and could become an obstacle to the timely search for SRHS services in communities having high migratory intensity.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva , Autoimagem , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Controles Informais da Sociedade , Percepção Social , Migrantes , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Relações Familiares , México , Autonomia Pessoal , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva/provisão & distribuição , População Rural , Comportamento Sexual , Serviço Social , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/provisão & distribuição
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