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INTRODUCTION:It has been suggested that most of the patients with bipolar disorders (BD) have either parent sidewhich is mentally ill. Furthermore, 25-27% of the children have been affected by BD if either parentside has BD, or 50-75% is affected if theboth sides of parents have BD, respectively. Heritability ofBD in monozygotic twins is 40-70%, and it is 20% in dizygotic twins. Therefore we aimed to studyhereditary issues of patients with bipolar disorders.PURPOSE:To assess hereditary issues of patients with bipolar disorders.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study sample comprises 31 male, 81 female patients referred to the inpatient settings of theNational Center for Mental Health. The participiants were examined by psychiatric interviewsincluding objective and subjective anamnesis to assess hereditary history of bipolar disorders.Pearson’s x2 test was used for the analysis between categorical variables, whereas simple logisticregression was used for the regression analysis.RESULTS:We covered 31 male (24.8%), 81 female (75.2%) participants between 14-62 years old, mean age:42.05±0.97. Among the participants, 60 (53.6%) of them were with the hereditary history of mentaldisorders whose father (11.6%), mother (25%), a sibling (21.7%),close relatives (38.3%), and a child(3.3%) were mentally ill. 46.7% of the relatives were diagnosed with mood disorders and 36.7% ofthem were diagnosed with schizophrenia and its spectrum disorders. Furthermore, there was anassociation between mental illness of a sibling and bipolar disorders. Also, the number of patientswith BD whose mother was diagnosed with BD (13%) is more prevalent than the patients with BDwhose mother or father or other relatives were diagnosed with any mental disorders (x2 test, P value= 0.012).CONCLUSION:Heritability of BD might be associated with autosomal dominant inheritance with incompletephenotype, and mostly relevant if the patient’s sibling is diagnosed with mental disorders. Keywords:bipolar disorders, depression,mania, heredity, risk factors.
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WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological onsequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva.Total number of participants were 149 children aged between 11-16 years (number cases were 53, matched control subjects were 96). The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report uestionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety isorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, USA. Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 102 of all subjects were female and 47 were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (21.3±8.1 ng/ml) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (31.56±16.9 ng/ml). Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.
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Background. Acute alcohol delusions of persecution usually show up delusions of persecution, which is begun auditory hallucination, illusion, fair, anxiety in night time. The patient may conduct to attempt suicide or social harmful activities from the fair and the anxiety. Therefore, we studied types of delusion in alcohol related psychosis and risks of social harmful activities due to delusion. Aim. To identify types of delusion in alcohol related psychosis, risks of social harmful activities due to delusion.Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the 110 cases of suicide (100 cases among males and 10 cases among females). In the study used special questionnaire with 45 chapters and 431 questions. The current mental condition was identified by the objective and subjective history of patients with Michigan scale questionnaire.Results. We were compared forms of alcohol related psychosis to delusion symptoms, there were occurred 29.6% of 64 patients with delusions of persecution during withdrawal state with delirium without convulsions (F10.40) and 34.4% of 64 patients with delusions of persecution during predominantly delusional psychotic disorder (F10.52). Those patients in 37 case (or 33.6%) were with suicidal thinking and 20 patients (or 18.2%) made suicidal attempts. 23.4% of 64 patients with delusions of persecution, 24.07% of 54 patients with hallucinatory delirium made suicidal attempts.Conclusions. Delusion symptoms in alcohol related psychosis are belonged to clinical form and were showed up many types.