A Brazilian university hospital position regarding transplantation criteria for HIV-positive patients according to the current literature

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was considered a contraindication for solid organ transplantation (SOT) in the past. However, HIV management has improved since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available in 1996, and the long-term survival of patients living with HIV has led many transplant programs to reevaluate their policies regarding the exclusion of patients with HIV infection. Based on the available data in the medical literature and the cumulative experience of transplantation in HIV-positive patients at our hospital, the aim of the present article is to outline the criteria for transplantation in HIV-positive patients as recommended by the Immunocompromised Host Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo.

Characteristics of a hepatitis C patient cohort at a specialized tertiary care facility: Identifying criteria to improve the allocation of public health resources

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to analyze, in a population treated for hepatitis C infection at a tertiary care treatment unit, the prevalence of comorbidities and extrahepatic manifestations, the range and degree of the clinical complexity and the associations between advanced liver disease and clinical variables. METHODS: Medical records from chronically infected hepatitis C patients seen at a dedicated treatment facility for complex cases in the Infectious Diseases Division of Hospital das Clínicas in Brazil were analyzed. Clinical complexity was defined as the presence of one or more of the following conditions: advanced liver disease (Metavir score F3 or F4 and/or clinical manifestations or ultrasound/endoscopy findings consistent with cirrhosis) or hepatocellular carcinoma and/or 3 or more extrahepatic manifestations and/or comorbidities concomitantly. RESULTS: Among the 1574 patients analyzed, only 41% met the definition of being clinically complex. Cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma was identified in 22.2% and 1.8% of patients, respectively. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex (p=0.007), age>40 years (p<0.001) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (p=0.008) were independently associated with advanced liver disease. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients did not meet the criteria for admittance to this specialized tertiary service, reinforcing the need to reevaluate public health policies. Enhanced utilization of existing basic and intermediate complexity units for the management of less complex hepatitis C cases could improve care and lower costs.

Rothia aeria endocarditis in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve: case report

Rothia aeria is an uncommon pathogen mainly associated with endocarditis in case reports. In previous reports, endocarditis by R. aeria was complicated by central nervous system embolization. In the case we report herein, endocarditis by R. aeria was diagnosed after acute self-limited diarrhea. In addition to the common translocation of R. aeria from the oral cavity, we hypothesize the possibility of intestinal translocation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and genetic sequencing are important tools that can contribute to early and more accurate etiologic diagnosis of severe infections caused by Gram-positive rods.

Células-tronco hematopoéticas de cordão umbilical: uma nova alternativa terapêutica?* / Umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells: a new therapeutic alternative?

Na medicina, a importância das células-tronco hematopoéticas (CTH) é evidente pelo seu uso rotineiro no tratamento de doenças onco-hematológicas e imunológicas, através do transplante de medula óssea. Entretanto, pelas dificuldades de se encontrar doadores compatíveis de medula óssea, tem-se buscado outras opções, como a utilização de sangue de cordão umbilical (SCU) como fonte celular. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura médica pertinente, analisando os prós e os contras dessa alternativa terapêutica...

In medicine, the importance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is evident from their routine use in the treatment of oncohematologic and imunologic disorders achieved through bone marrow transplantation. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties encountered in finding compatible bone marrow donors, other options have been sought, for example, the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a cell source. This work presents a review of pertinent medical literature and it analyzes the pros and cons of this therapeutic alternative...