Prevalence of human myiasis infestation among primary school pupils in Ayamelum Local Government Area, Anambra State South- Eastern Nigeria

Infestation of live human or other vertebrate host with true fly larvae belonging to the class Hexapod, order Dipterans is called Myiasis. A prospective prevalence study of human myiasis among primary school pupils in Ayamelum Local Government Area (LGA) of Anambra State was carried out from October 2015 to September 2016. The mean age of the subject was 7.3±1.9. Of the 3,250 pupils who participated in the study from eight towns that constitute the LGA 287 (8.8%) pupils were positive to myiasis. Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly) was found to be the predominating fly species involved in the myiasis infestation implicated in furuncular myiasis with 92.6% of the pupils. Other species such as Cochliomyia hominivorax /Phaenicia sericata (blow fly) and Musca domestica (house fly) were also found infesting the wounds with 3.3% and 4.1% pupils respectively. The prevalence pattern also varies considerably in 8 towns that constituted the LGA with location 2 with highest: 6.1% locations 5&7 lowest with 3.2% and 1.9% respectively. Age showed significant association with pupils ≤6years most susceptible p <0.01. The highest infestation rate was recorded between April to July usually the rainy season. The most frequently infested body regions were the scalp of the head, buttocks and thigh. Ignorance, filthy environment, unkempt little children, and dirty hygienic practices are major predisposing factors of myiasis infestation among primary school pupils in the area under study

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV patients in Benin City, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the presence of intestinal parasites and their correlation with CD4+ T-cell counts and demographics among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients in Benin City; Nigeria. Stool specimens from 2;000 HIV-positive patients and 500 controls (HIV-negative individuals) were examined for ova; cysts; or parasites; using standard procedures. In addition; patient's blood samples were analyzed for CD4 counts by flow cytometry. An overall prevalence rate of 15.3was observed among HIVpositive patients while 6.2was noted among non-HIV subjects. HIV status was a significant (P0.0001) risk factor for acquiring intestinal parasitic infections. Male gender; CD4 count 200 cell/ml; and diarrhea were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIVpositive patients. The level of education; occupation; and source of water among HIV patients significantly (P0.0001) affected the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most predominant parasite in both HIV-positive patients and controls. A CD4 count 200 cells/ml was significantly associated with only Isospora belli and Cryptosporidium infections. The presence of pathogenic intestinal parasites such as A. lumbricoides; hookworm; Giardia intestinalis; Entamoeba histolytica; Trichuris trichiura; and Taenia species among HIV-infected persons should not be neglected. Cryptosporidium species and I. belli were the opportunistic parasites observed in this study. Routine screening for intestinal parasites in HIV-positive patients is advocated