RESUMO
Aim: To assess G-6-PD, Pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and some coagulation parameters in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and those not on antiretroviral treatments with varying durations of infection and Antiretroviral treatments. Study Design: Case-control study Place and Duration of Study: Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria from March to August 2013. Methodology: We included 181 subjects; Sixty HIV patients on ART with infection and ART duration of <1 – 5, >5 – 8 and >8 – 17 years; Sixty HIV patients not on ART with an infection duration of <1 – 3, >3 – 6 and >6 – 11 years; and Sixty-one apparently healthy individuals control. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity, Pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (APTT), Prothrombin time (PT), Platelet count (PLT)and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status were determined. Results: G-6-PD, APTT and PT, for ART and non-ART were significantly higher (P< 0.05) compared with those of control. G-6-PD and PT were significantly higher in ART subjects when compared with non-ART (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Pyruvate kinase activity and platelet count (P>0.05). G-6-PD activity was significantly higher in ART subjects with HIV duration of >8 – 17 years than<1 – 5 years and >5 – 8 years (P< 0.05), and also in non-ART subjects with HIV duration of>3 -6 years and>6 – 11 years compared with<1 – 3 years (P< 0.05). G-6-PD activity was significantly higher in ART duration of>8 – 17 years compared to ART durations of >5 – 8 years and <1 – 5 years (P< 0.05). Conclusion: This study identified a significant increase in G-6-PD activity in HIV patients in proportion to the duration of infection and therapy while APTT and PT were significantly prolonged in HIV patients implying a derangement in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways.
RESUMO
In developing countries; under nutrition is common; and this plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of malaria and anemia. Indeed it has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Unfortunately; published evidence concerning the situation is lacking. Objectives: To evaluate some nutritional function indices of pregnant women in a rural Nigerian community. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional study involving of 171 pregnant women from a rural area in South-eastern Nigeria. They included 72 and 99 women in their second and third trimesters respectively. The control group was of 60 women; matched in age; parity and socioeconomic conditions; non-pregnant; non-menstruating and non lactating apparently healthy women. The parameters measured by standard methods included serum iron; total proteins; albumin; globulin; packed cell volume and hemoglobin. Results: The results obtained from control group; second and third trimesters; recorded as Mean (SEM) were 134.60(3.12) ?g/L; 101.20(4.48) ?g/L and 91.87(3.42) ?g/L respectively for iron; 69.12(0.80) g/L; 63.60(0.71) g/L and 57.74(0.75) g/L for total proteins; 42.95(0.92) g/L; 35.74(1.00) g/L and 35.26(0.64) g/L for albumin; 26.77(1.00) g/L; 27.78(1.07) g/L and 22.93(0.88) g/L for globulin; 32.80(0.36); 27.92(0.37) and 27.73(0.34) for packed cell volume; and 11.25(0.11) g/L; 9.59(0.13) g/L and 9.57(0.14) g/L for hemoglobin respectively. These results showed that all the parameters decreased significantly in pregnancy (P0.001) except globulin that did not show immediate; significant decrease. Conclusion: There is a general decrease in the nutrition parameters studied among the pregnant women from our study area; indicating under-nutrition. Urgent measures should be taken to improve the nutritional status of rural dwellers especially the antioxidant micronutrients