Bond strength of bulk fill composite to teeth prepared with Er: YAG laser

Aim: The present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of a bulk fill composite on dentin surfaces prepared with the Er: YAG laser. Methods: Twenty-four permanent third molars were selected and divided into 2 groups: CP - Conventional preparation with high-speed handpiece (control) and LA (laser) - Preparation with Er: YAG laser. The occlusal surface was removed to expose coronal dentin, which was subsequently prepared with a high-speed handpiece or Er: YAG laser (350mJ, 4Hz, 1.5 ml/min water flow). Both groups were restored with Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) composite resin. After 24 hours, the samples were evaluated for microtensile bond strength (µTBS), fracture pattern, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The data obtained in the µTBS test were submitted to t-test (α=0.05). The results showed no difference in µTBS when the different types of cavity preparation were compared (ρ=0.091). Fracture patterns revealed the prevalence of cohesive fracture in composite resin in CP (83.3%) and adhesive fracture in LA (92.1%). In the SEM analysis, the LA group demonstrated the presence of gaps between the composite resin and the irradiated dentin surface. The hybrid layer exhibited more regularity with the presence of longer and uniform resin tags in the CP group. Conclusion: The type of cavity preparation did not influence the values of bulk fill composite resin µTBS to dentin. Fracture patterns and scanning electron microscopy analyses suggested less interference at the adhesive interface in preparations performed using CP

Ingestão cáustica pediátrica em Minas Gerais ­ Brasil: um estudo observacional do Hospital Universitário de Uberlândia / Pediatric caustic ingestion in Minas Gerais ­ Brazil: an observational study at the University Hospital of Uberlândia

Introdução: Crianças menores de cinco anos são as principais vítimas de acidentes por ingestão de cáusticos, assim considerando a epidemiologia brasileira e dos riscos à exposição desses agentes ressalta-se a importância deste estudo que objetiva realizar uma análise descritiva dos casos de acidentes cáusticos em pacientes pediátricos atendidos em um hospital universitário de Minas Gerais. Método: Este é um estudo transversal descritivo, de caráter quantitativo, a partir dos dados obtidos de prontuários de pacientes pediátricos (0-13 anos) atendidos por ingestão de substâncias cáusticas, no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Resultados: Foram levantados 132 prontuários de crianças atendidas por ingestão de substâncias cáusticas de janeiro de 2011 a abril de 2018. Os acidentes acometeram crianças na faixa etária de 08 meses a 12 anos, sendo que 82,60% dos casos ocorreram em ambiente domiciliar. Entre as principais substâncias ingeridas estão os produtos de limpeza, quanto à sua composição química predominaram soda cáustica, hipoclorito de sódio e amoníaco. A endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) foi realizada em 104 pacientes. Quase 13% das crianças apresentaram estenose esofágica e necessitaram de dilatação esofágica. No período estudado, foram realizados 296 procedimentos de dilatações, com média de 17,4 procedimentos por paciente. Discussão: Considerando que os acidentes cáusticos são prevalentes em crianças menores de cinco anos e em ambiente domiciliar, as principais substâncias ingeridas são aquelas de caráter alcalino, que causam lesão no trato respiratório e gastrointestinal, sendo a principal consequência a estenose esofágica. Ademais, não há protocolos bem definidos para o manejo e a condução de pacientes que fizeram a ingestão dessas substâncias. As principais limitações do estudo foram o preenchimento incompleto dos prontuários analisados e os trâmites burocráticos para o acesso aos mesmos. Conclusão: Predominaram os acidentes cáusticos domiciliares e em crianças menores de 2 anos, o que implica a necessidade de ações educativas e preventivas. [au]

Introduction: Children under five years old are the principal victims of accidents caused by the ingestion of caustics, so considering Brazilian epidemiology and the risks of exposure to these agents the importance of this study is emphasized. This study aims to carry out a descriptive analysis of cases of caustic accidents in pediatric patients treated in a university hospital in Minas Gerais. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a quantitative character, based on data obtained from medical records of pediatric patients (0-13 years old) treated for ingestion of caustic agents at the Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Results: We collected 132 medical records of children treated for ingestion of caustic substances from January 2011 to April 2018. The accidents affected children aged between 8 months and 12 years, with 82.60% of the cases occurring in the home environment. Among the main substances ingested are cleaning products, as for their chemical composition, caustic soda, sodium hypochlorite, and ammonia predominated. Upper digestive endoscopy (UGE) was performed in 104 patients. Almost 13% of the children had esophageal strictures and required esophageal dilation. During the study period, 296 dilatation procedures were performed, with an average of 17.4 procedures per patient. Discussion: Considering that caustic accidents are prevalent in children under five years of age and the home environment, the main substances ingested are those of an alkaline nature, which cause injury to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, the main consequence being esophageal stenosis. Furthermore, there are no well-defined protocols for the management of patients who have ingested these substances. The main limitations of the study were the incomplete filling of the medical records analyzed and the bureaucratic procedures for accessing them. Conclusion: Caustic accidents predominated in children under two years old in the home environment, which implies the need for educational and preventive actions. [au]

Genetic dissection of yield associated traits in a cross between cowpea and yard-long bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) based on DArT markers

Both cowpea and yard-long bean belong to Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata but have diverged through human induced evolution in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, respectively. To map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield associated traits and derive new lines that may combine the attributes of both types, we developed a F2:3 mapping population derived from a cross between cowpea line TVu2185 and yard-long bean line TVu6642. Using DArT markers, a total of 30 QTLs accounting for 1.8–13.0% phenotypic variation was detected for pod and seed traits. Some novel major QTLs for peduncle number per plant (qPeN2.2), pod length (qPoL3), seed breadth (qSB4), length (qSL7.2) and thickness (qST9) identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 7 and 9, respectively, are particularly interesting and need to be validated. Moreover, we confirmed previously reported QTLs for pod length (qPoL8) and 100-seed weight (qSW8) on chromosome 8 and for seed number per pod (qSN9.2) on chromosome 9 suggesting usefulness for marker-assisted-selection purpose. Notably, some QTLs for these traits were clustered especially on chromosomes 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 indicating the presence of the same QTL or linked loci in these regions. Moreover, the involvement of epistasis was observed for trait expressions, but compared with the main effect QTLs, the phenotypic effects of epistatic-QTLs detected were much less. The present QTL analysis may provide a useful tool for breeders to formulate efficient breeding strategy for introgression of the desirable alleles for yield related traits in cowpea using molecular markers.

Effect of violet led associated with low-concentration hydrogen peroxide on enamel surface roughness

Aim: The present study aimed to assess in vitro the effect ofviolet LED in tooth bleaching techniques associated or not withlow-concentration hydrogen peroxide gel on enamel surfaceroughness. Methods: Fifty-two enamel fragments of bovineteeth were flattened and polished (4x4x3 mm) and dividedinto four groups according to bleaching treatment: VL- VioletLED; HP- 7.5% hydrogen peroxide; HP+VL- 7.5% hydrogenperoxide + violet LED; C- No bleaching (control). Before thetreatments, all specimens were immersed in 20 mL of blacktea for six days, changing solutions every 24 h to simulatethe staining of specimens. Forty fragments were used toanalyze surface roughness (n=10) and 12 fragments wereused for the morphological analysis (SEM) (n=3). Results:The data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and a post-hocTukey test. The lower roughness values was observed for thegroup that did not receive bleaching treatment (C), differingsignificantly only from the group bleached with 7.5% hydrogenperoxide + violet LED (HP+VL) (p=0.0077). The remaininggroups did not show significant differences in roughnessvalues (p>0.05). The scanning electron microscopy analysisshowed irregularities on the enamel surface regardless ofthe treatment received. Conclusion: The results showedthat bleaching treatments with violet LED associated withlow-concentration hydrogen peroxide gels (7.5%) increasethe surface roughness of tooth enamel

O uso do Endoguide no tratamento de canais calcificados: relatos de casos clínicos / The use of Endoguide for treatment of calcified root canals: clinical case reports

Introdução: o tratamento endodôntico em dentes com canais calcificados é extremamente desafiador. Durante o procedimento de localização do canal residual, uma quantidade excessiva de dentina pode ser removida, o que pode implicar em maior risco de fratura do elemento dentário. Somado a isso, a calcificação pulpar é o motivo mais comum de perfuração radicular durante o tratamento endodôntico. Métodos: tendo em vista a importância do desenvolvimento de técnicas seguras e precisas para o tratamento endodôntico de canais parcial ou totalmente calcificados, serão apresentados dois relatos de casos clínicos conduzidos segundo uma estratégia terapêutica recentemente descrita na literatura endodôntica. Resultados: o Endoguide tornou mais segura e eficaz a realização do tratamento endodôntico nos dois casos relatados. Conclusão: o guia endodôntico auxiliou na localização do canal radicular calcificado e ajudou a evitar iatrogenias durante sua localização (AU).

Introduction: Endodontic treatment in teeth with calcified root canals is extremely challenging. During the procedure of locating the root canal, an excessive amount of residual dentin can be removed, which may lead to a greater risk of tooth fracture. In addition, pulp calcification is the most common reason for root perforation during endodontic treatment. Methods: Considering the importance of developing safe and efficient techniques for endodontic treatment of partially or completely calcified root canals, these two clinical cases were conducted in accordance with the therapeutic strategy recently described in the endodontic literature. Results: Endoguide made endodontic treatment safer and more effective in the two reported cases Conclusion: The endodontic guide used in the present cases have helped to locate the calcified root canal and to prevent iatrogenies during location (AU).

Effect of grape seed extract on bond strength of restorative material to bleached enamel

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of a natural antioxidant (grape seed extract) on the bond strength of the restorative material to the bleached enamel. Methods: Forty fragments of healthy bovine incisors were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): Group I: no bleaching; Group II: Bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and without post-treatment; Group III: Bleaching with 35% HP + 5% grape seed extract; and Group IV: Bleaching with 35% HP + 10% grape seed extract. The bond strength at the adhesive interface was evaluated using the shear test (MPa). The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test ( =0.05%). The fracture types were also analyzed and classified into: adhesive, cohesive or mixed. Results: Only Group III (bleached + 5% grape seed extract) had a significant increase (p<0.001) in bond strength values when compared to Group II bleached, without post- reatment). All groups showed a predominance of the adhesive type of fracture. Conclusion: It could be concluded that tooth bleaching decreases the bond strength to bleached enamel and 5% grape seed extract applied after dental bleaching improves the bond strength between the restorative material and the bleached enamel.

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar in vitro o efeito de um antioxidante natural (extrato de semente de uva) em diferentes concentrações, na resistência de união do material restaurador ao esmalte clareado. Métodos: Quarenta fragmentos de incisivos bovinos hígidos, foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=10): Grupo I: sem clareamento; Grupo II: clareado com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (PH) e sem pós-tratamento; GIII: clareado PH 35% + extrato de semente de uva 5%; e Grupo IV: clareado com PH 35% + extrato de semente de uva 10%. A resistência de união da interface esmalte/material restaurador foi avaliada por meio do teste de cisalhamento (MPa). Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e testes de Tukey ( =0,05%). Os tipos de fratura também foram analisados e classificados em: adesiva, coesiva ou mista. Resultados: Apenas o Grupo III (clareado + extrato de semente de uva 5%) apresentou aumento estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). dos valores de resistência de união comparado ao Grupo II (clareado e sem pós-tratamento). Todos os grupos mostraram um predomínio do tipo de fratura adesiva. Conclusão: O clareamento dental diminui significativamente a força de adesão ao esmalte dental clareado, e o extrato de semente de uva 5% aplicado após o clareamento dental melhora a resistência de união entre o material restaurador e o esmalte clareado.

Evaluation of masticatory capacity and efficiency in total and partial edentulous patients in Araraquara

Aim: This study aims to compare masticatory performance between total prosthesis users and individuals with partial or total natural dentition to evaluate masticatory capacity and efficiency in individuals in Araraquara/SP. Material and Methods: 31 individuals between 55 and 99 years old were evaluated, both genders, frequent users of Dentistry Clinic of the University of Araraquara (Uniara) and residents at Recanto Feliz, in the same town. A cognitive evaluation was carried out through a mini mental state examination in order to define inclusion criteria to individuals of sample. Next, a questionnaire was applied, with pre-coded questions on the masticatory capacity and an efficiency test, through the grinding test, where patients received 5 almonds to be grinded and not swallowed. The fragments were poured in granulometric sieves (2mm, 4mm and 4,75mm) to analyze the food fragmentation under tap water. Participants were divided into 3 groups: G1 (n=13) ­ superior and inferior total prosthesis user, or total or partial edentulous; G2 (n=4) ­ Total prosthesis user and/or partial removal prosthesis user (PRP) or partial dentition; and G3 (n=14) ­ complete or partial dentition or PRP user. Results: Efficiency test results showed the G1 patients presented good efficiency and 8 were considered poor; G2 patients were all classified as poor, and G3 patients were 9 poor, 2 regular and 3 good. Regarding to the questionnaires, most patients from the 3 groups felt impossibility to masticate some food, and need special preparation to chew. On take more time to masticate when compared to other people, all patients from G2 answered affirmatively, while only 46.1% G1 and 50% G3 gave the same answer.Just 15.4% G1 and 28.6% G2 are not satisfied with the tame they take.About avoid in front of other people, most patients from G2 and G3 use to, however, 69.2% G1 answered negatively. Regarding to the masticatory capacity self-evaluation, they answered regular. Conclusions: Masticatory efficiency of people using removable prosthesis did not achieve the ideal of a complete dentition. However, it is still better than in individuals with partial dentition or not rehabilitated.

Visual-motor maturity and executive functions in schoolchildren / Maturidade visomotora e funções executivas em escolares / Madurez visomotora y funciones ejecutivas en escolares

Visual-motor maturity and executive functions are closely related in the child development process. This study aimed to investigate the relation between visual-motor abilities and executive functions in 83 healthy children between 7 and 10 years old. The tools used were the Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Test - Gradual Scoring System (B-GSS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF). The correlation between the B-GSS and WCST scores was significantly negative (r = -.23, p < .033), while ROCF variables, such as Total Memory and Total Copy, had a moderate, significant correlation with total B-GSS score (r = -.55, p < .001; r = -.44, p < .001, respectively). The results empirically show the relation between executive functions and visual-motor maturity and are discussed in face of developmental neuropsychology.

A maturidade visomotora e as funções executivas estão intimamente relacionadas no processo de desenvolvimento infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre habilidades visomotoras e funções executivas em 83 crianças hígidas, de 7 a 10 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Teste Gestáltico Visomotor de Bender - Sistema de Pontuação Gradual (B-GSS), Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas (WCST), Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (RPM) e Rey- Osterrieth Figura Complexa Test (ROCF). A correlação entre os escores de B-GSS e WCST foi negativa e significativa (r = 0,23, p < 0,033) e variáveis do ROCF, como Cópia Total e Memória Total apresentaram correlação moderada e significativa com o escore total do B-GSS (r = -0,55, p < 0,001; r = -0,44, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Os resultados evidenciam empiricamente a relação entre funções executivas e maturidade visomotora e são discutidos à luz da neuropsicologia do desenvolvimento.

La madurez visual-motora y las funciones ejecutivas están estrechamente relacionados en el proceso de desarrollo del niño. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre habilidades visomotoras y funciones ejecutivas en 83 niños sanos, de 7-10 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron Prueba Gestáltica Visomotora de Bender - Sistema de Puntuación Gradual (B-GSS), Prueba Wisconsin de Clasificación de Cartas (WCST), Matrices Progresivas de Raven (RPM) y Prueba Rey- Osterrieth Figura Compleja (ROCF). La correlación entre las puntuaciones B-GSS y WCST fue negativa y significativa (r = 0,23, p < 0,033) y ROCF variables, como Copiar y Memoria Total mostraron correlación moderada y significativa con la puntuación total de la B-GSS (r = -0,55, p < 0,001; r = -0,44, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Los resultados demuestran empíricamente la relación entre las funciones ejecutivas y la madurez visomotora y se discuten a la luz de la neuropsicología del desarrollo.

Reduction of dental fear and anxiety: the outlook of atraumatic restorative treatment

AIM: This study aimed to report a case in which the technique used was the atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in patients with fear of conventional treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This procedure consisted in the treatment of carious lesions in the patient associated with the program of educational and preventive measures which the patient has undergone. The technique described here was performed on tooth 85, which presented atypical carious lesion cavity, through the removal of softened carious tissue with the use of hand instruments, without anesthesia and use of direct restorative material with fluoride release (glass ionomer cement). RESULTS: As a result of this technique, there was greater patient cooperation and decrease of anxiety initially revealed. CONCLUSION: Thus, it might be concluded that the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment is a technique already established that showed clinical effectiveness in controlling the evolution of the carious process and that being well indicated, was able to induce more cooperation from the patient, leading to the success of therapy restorer. The conventional glass ionomer cement showed excessive surface wear and therefore should not be used to restore atypical cavities.

Câncer bucal: um problema de saúde pública / Oral cancer: a public health problem

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a epidemiologia do câncer bucal no Brasil, por meio da revisão de literatura publicada nos últimos anos. Com isso, pretendeu-se descrever o perfil dos pacientes diagnosticados e susceptíveis ao câncer bucal, e ressaltar a importância da prevenção e diagnóstico precoce das lesões suspeitas. Observou-se que o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos mais acometidos pelo câncer de boca é caracterizado por homens, brancos, na faixa etária entre 50 e 70 anos de idade, trabalhadores expostos ao sol, usuários crônicos de tabaco, álcool ou a associação destes; os indivíduos de maior risco podem ainda apresentar trauma crônico devido ao uso de prótese; a localização da lesão é, principalmente, no dorso da língua e no lábio inferior. Considerando o câncer bucal como um problema de saúde pública, maiores esforços devem ser despendidos para a prevenção e combate dessa doença na população

The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of oral cancer in Brazil, through a review of literature published in recent years. Thus, it was described the profile of diagnosed and susceptible to oral cancer patients, and it was emphasized the importance of prevention and early diagnosis of suspicious lesions. It was observed that the epidemiological profile of individuals most affected by mouth cancer is characterized by white men, between 50 to 70 years old, workers exposed to the sunlight, chronic users of tobacco, alcohol or a combination of them. The high risk individuals may still have chronic trauma due to the use of prosthesis. The lesion is mainly on the back of the tongue and lower lip. Whereas oral cancer as a public health problem, greater effort should be made to prevent and combat this disease in the population

Influência de medidas preventivas na infecção oral primária em crianças / Influence of preventive methods in primary oral infection in children

O presente trabalho é uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de observar a transmissão de doenças infecciosas orais através do contato entre mãe e filho e a influência de medidas preventivas para evitar possíveis doenças. Por meio da literatura revisada pode-se observar uma "relação vertical" de transmissibilidade da cárie caracterizada pela transferência materna de microorganismos cariogênicos para os seus filhos; medidas preventivas, as quais reduzem o nível salivar de Streptococus mutans em mulheres, retardam a colonização em suas crianças por esses organismos; alertar para a necessidade do desenvolvimento de programas educativos voltados para os pais e preventivos voltados para os bebês, procurando estabelecer hábitos saudáveis para evitar a contaminação da cavidade bucal da criança e oferecer a verdadeira promoção de saúde. Concluiu-se que a transmissibilidade da cárie apresenta relação-vertical, tendo a mãe papel de destaque na infecção oral primária de seus filhos. Medidas educativas e preventivas junto às mães, desde o período gestacional, são alternativas plausíveis e viáveis para a manutenção de um equilíbrio satisfatório das condições orais na criança

The aim of this review of the literature is to observe the transmission of oral infectious disease between mother and son and the influence of prevention methods to prevent possible disease. It was observed a vertical transmission of caries characterized by the transference of microorganisms of the mother to her son. Prevention methods, which reduce the level of Streptococus mutans in women, delay the settling in children for these organisms. Educative and preventive programs for parents and their babies are necessary to establish healthful habits and to prevent the contamination of the child. It was concluded that the mother is responsible by primary oral infection of children. Educative and preventive methods direct to the mothers, since the period of pregnancy, are reasonable for the maintenance of a satisfactory balance of the oral conditions in the child

Effect of finishing and polishing on color stability of a nanofilled resin immersed in different media / Efeito do acabamento e polimento na estabilidade de cor de uma resina composta nanoparticulada imersa em diferentes meios

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of finishing and polishing on color stability of a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT) according to different immersion media. Material and Method: Composite disks (10 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were prepared for each group (n = 6) using a stainless steel mold. The groups were divided according to the presence or absence of finishing and polishing procedure and immersion media (artificial saliva, artificial juice- KAPO(r) Coca-Cola(r) flavors: pineapple, orange, strawberry and grape). The finishing and polishing procedures were performed using Super -Snap(r) disks. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours (baseline) and were analyzed using a color spectrophotometer by CIELab system. Then, they were immersed in different media for 5 minutes, 3 times a day, every 4 hours during 60 days. They were stored in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1°C during the immersion intervals. After this time, new measure of color was performed. The data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis test and Mann- Whitney test. The significance level was 5%. Result: The results showed that the finishing/polishing not significantly influence the color stability of resin composite (p >0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the color stability of the studied resin after immersion in different media (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The finishing and polishing procedures and the immersion media did not have influence on color stability of nanofilled resin Filtek Z350 XT. .

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do acabamento e polimento na estabilidade de cor da resina nanoparticulada Filtek Z350 XT em função de diferentes meios de imersão. Material e Método: Espécimes circulares (10 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura) foram preparados para cada grupo (n=6) utilizando uma matriz de aço inoxidável. Os grupos experimentais foram divididos de acordo com a presença ou ausência de acabamento e polimento e diferentes meios de imersão (saliva artificial, Suco artificial pronto KAPO(r) da Coca Cola(r) sabores: abacaxi, laranja, morango e uva). Os procedimentos de acabamento e polimento foram realizados com discos de lixa Super-Snap(r). Os espécimes permaneceram em saliva artificial por 24 horas (baseline) e foram submetidos à análise da cor usando um espectrofotômetro pelo sistema CIELab. Em seguida, foram imersos nos diferentes meios por 5 minutos, 3 vezes ao dia, com intervalos de 4 horas, durante 60 dias. Os espécimes foram mantidos em saliva artificial a 37±1°C nos intervalos entre as imersões. Após este período foi realizada nova leitura de cor. Os dados foram analisados com os testes de Kruskall-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultado: Os resultados mostraram que o acabamento/polimento não influenciou significativamente a estabilidade de cor da resina composta (p>0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na estabilidade de cor da resina estudada após a imersão nos diferentes meios (p>0,05). Conclusão: O acabamento e polimento e os meios de imersão não apresentaram influência na estabilidade de cor da resina nanoparticulada Filtek Z350 XT. .

Color stability of a nanofilled resin: influence of polishing andFinishing and fluoride solutions according to time

AIM: The aim of the study was evaluate the finishing and polishing effect of the color stability of the composite resin Filtek Supreme XT, according to different fluoride solutions and time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens were prepared n=140 with half of the samples finished and polished. The experimental groups were divided according to the presence or absence of finishing and polishing and immersion solutions artificial saliva, sodium fluoride solution at 0.05% b manipulated, Fluordent Reach, Oral B, Fluorgard. The specimens remained in artificial saliva for 24 hours and were subjected to an initial color analysis using a spectrophotometer CIELab system. Then, they were immersed in the experimental solutions for 1 minute a day. The readings of the color change were made after 24 and 48 hours, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after the first immersion. The three bway mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) "finishing/polishing", "immersion medium" and “time” were performed. For multiple comparisons, the Sidak test for repeated measure was used, with a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The finishing and polishing factor showed significant variability, independently of the immersion media (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Finishing and polishing procedures yielded better color stability to composite resin over time, regardless of the immersion media.

Evaluation of young s knowledgeand behavior about dental fluorosis

AIM: This study has evaluated the knowledge about dental fluorosis and the behavior of young people regarding to the use of Fluor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 313 students from High School of Tabatinga/SP, from 15 to 21 years old have answered a questionnaire with pre-encoded questions in which was approached the variables: gender, age, schooling level, dwelling, water consumption, oral hygiene habits, frequency of consults to the dentist and perception about clinical characteristics of fluorosis. Data obtained were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS: There was female prevalence (56.0%). Most of respondents (81.0%) answered brushing the teeth 3 times or more a day. About dentifrice use and quantity on the toothbrush, from 97% who has asserted using them, 58% cover all the bristles; 88% of participants know Fluor; however, regarding to its function or effect on the teeth, 17% and 32%, respectively, have not known how to answer. About water consumption, most of them consume from 1 to 2 liters a day, and the main source is the “faucet” (47%). It was observed that 49% of interviewees have visited the surgeon dentist less than one month ago; 93% have answered that the topic application of Fluor was carried out during the dentist consultation, and 32% have asserted that the application was performed in all the visits. Regarding the surface stains on tooth enamel, 59% have reported that they did not notice them; however, 21% have noticed white stains on the enamel. Regarding to the use of tooth paste in the childhood, 52% have reported that they used to ingest it. CONCLUSION: Young s knowledge about function and effect of Fluor on dental structures were mistaken, once the concept of dental cleaning was prevalent about prevention of caries, and the behavior about fluoridated toothpaste was inappropriate because they use it excessively, and they also asserted its ingestion in the childhood.

Impacto dos problemas de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de gestantes / Impact of oral health problems on the quality of life of pregnant women

Objetivos: 1) Avaliar o impacto dos problemas de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de gestantes por meio do questionário OHIP-14, bem como a presença de cárie dentária, doença periodontal e uso e necessidades de próteses em gestantes; 2) associar as variáveis sociodemográficas e condições de saúde bucal encontradas no exame clínico com o OHIP-14. Métodos: Além da aplicação do questionário OHIP-14, realizou-se uma avaliação clínica das condições bucais (índices: IPC, CPO-D e avaliação protética) em 51 gestantes que procuraram atendimento odontológico junto à Clínica de Odontologia Preventiva, no período de abril de 2008 a agosto de 2010. Realizaram-se análises descritivas para caracterização da amostra, análise bivariada (teste de Qui-Quadrado ou Exato de Fisher) e regressão logística múltipla em nível de significância de 5% para analisar a associação entre o impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de gestantes e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Resultados: Os dados do OHIP-14 mostraram menor impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. O CPOD médio foi 12,8; 70,6% das gestantes apresentavam cálculo dental e 58,8% necessitavam de prótese. A associação entre OHIP-14 e última visita ao dentista e CPOD permaneceram no modelo final de regressão (p<0,05). Conclusão: A experiência de cárie das gestantes examinadas foi considerada alta, a maioria apresentava necessidade de prótese e presença de cálculo dental. O OHIP apresentou baixo impacto no grupo estudado e foi significativamente influenciado pela última visita ao dentista e pelo índice CPOD...

Objectives: 1) to evaluate the impact of oral health problems on the quality of life of pregnant women by the simplified Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire as well by the presence of dental caries, periodontal disease and denture use/need; 2) to correlate the sociodemographic variables and the oral health conditions revealed in the clinical examinations with the OHIP-14. Method: In addition to the application of the OHIP-14 questionnaire, clinical examination of the oral conditions (CPI - community periodontal index, DMFT and prosthetic evaluation) was performed on 51 pregnant women, who sought dental treatment between April 2008 and August 2010 at the Preventive Dentistry Clinic. Descriptive analyses were made for sample characterization, bivariate analysis (chi-square or FisherÆs exact tests) and multiple logistic regressions at a 5% significance level to assess the correlation between the impact of oral health on the quality of life of pregnant women and the socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: The OHIP-14 data showed a lesser impact of oral health on the womenÆs quality of life. The mean DMFT was 12.8; 70.6% of the pregnant women presented dental calculus and 58.8% needed prostheses. The association between OHIP-14 data and last dental visit and DMFT remained in the final regression model (p<0.05). Conclusion: Caries experience of the pregnant women was considered high. Most of them needed prostheses and presented dental calculus. The OHIP-14 presented a low impact on this population and was significantly influenced by the last dental visit and the DMFT index...

Accuracy of radiographic examination in determining the depth ofapproximal carious lesions in primary molars / Desempenho do exame radiográfico na determinação da profundidade de lesões de cárie proximais em molares decíduos

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the depth of carious lesions on bitewing radiographs. Methods: Recently extracted primary molars had their proximal surfaces evaluated visually (EC) and classified as healthy surface (0), signs that suggest thepresence of carious lesions in enamel (1), signs of a superficial lesion in dentin (2) and carious lesions in deep dentin (3). Results: The results were obtained by consensus between the investigators. The gold standard was determined by histological analysis. The valuesof sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve were evaluated. There was equilibriumbetween sensitivity (76.92% EC and 88.46% ER) and specificity (95.83% EC and 95.83% ER). Accuracy was 86.01% (EC) and 88.46% (ER).The Spearman correlation test was used to prove the correlation between clinical and radiographic examinations (0.886), for clinical andhistological (0.736) and for radiographic and histological analysis (0.843).Conclusion: The radiographic examination showed better performance in detection of proximal caries in primary teeth.

Objetivo: Avaliar a exatidão da profundidade da lesão de cárie em radiografias interproximais. Métodos: Molares decíduos recentemente extraídos tiveram suas superfícies proximais avaliadas visualmente (exame clínico) e classificados como superfície hígida (0), sinais que sugerem presença de lesão de cárie em esmalte (1), sinais de lesão superficial em dentina (2) e cavidades sugerindo lesões profundas em dentina (3). As superfícies dentárias foram também examinadas em radiografias interproximais (exame radiográfico) e classificadas como ausência de radiolucidez (0), lesão de cárie em esmalte (1), lesão de cárie superficial em dentina (2) e lesão de cárie em dentina profunda (3).Resultados: Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de consenso entre os examinadores. O padrão ouro foi determinado pela análise histológica. Foram avaliados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia e área sob a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic. Observou-se um equilíbrio entre os valores de sensibilidade (76,9% exame clínico e 88,4% exame radiográfico) e especificidade (95,8% exame clínico e 95,8% exame radiográfico). A acurácia foi de 86,0% (exame clínico) e 88,4% (exame radiográfico). O teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado paraa comprovação da correlação entre os exames clínico e radiográfico (0,89), para clínico e histológico (0,7) e para os exames radiográfico ehistológico (0,8). Conclusão: O exame radiográfico apresentou melhor desempenho na detecção da lesão de cárie proximal em dentes decíduos.

Influência de soluções fluoretadas na estabilidade de cor, rugosidade e dureza superficial de resinas compostas em função do tempo / Influence of fluoride solutions on color stability, surface roughness and hardness of composite resins, in short and long term

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de soluções fluoretadas sobre a estabilidade de cor, a rugosidade e a dureza superficiais de diferentes resinas compostas, em curto e em longo prazo. Para isso, foram realizadas pesquisas científicas, apresentadas em três capítulos. Setenta e cinco espécimes de 10 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura foram confeccionados e polidos com discos de óxido de alumínio (Super-Snap®, Shofu Dental Corp. Kyoto, Japão) em ordem decrescente de granulação. Os grupos experimentais foram divididos de acordo com o tipo de resina composta (nanoparticulada - Filtek Z350 XT, microhíbrida - Filtek Z250 e microparticulada - Durafill VS) e diferentes meios de imersão (saliva artificial, solução de fluoreto de sódio a 0,05%- manipulado, Fluordent Reach, Oral B, Fluorgard). Os espécimes permaneceram imersos em saliva artificial por 24 horas e foram submetidos à análise da cor, rugosidade e dureza iniciais. A partir disso, foram imersos nas diferentes soluções por 1 minuto ao dia durante 60 dias. Nos intervalos entre as imersões foram mantidos em saliva artificial a 37ºC +- 1ºC. Após esse período, foram submetidos às novas avaliações de cor, rugosidade e dureza superficiais. Em sequência, foram realizados os procedimentos de envelhecimento artificial utilizando-se 20.000 ciclos de termociclagem, 1.200.000 ciclos de simulação de forças mastigatórias e imersão contínua nas soluções por 1825 minutos. Após estes processos, foram realizadas leituras finais para todas as propriedades avaliadas. Os dados obtidos, nos diferentes tempos, foram avaliados estatisticamente pela Análise de Variância. Para a estabilidade de cor, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey e para a rugosidade e a dureza superficiais, os testes de Tukey e de Sidak, ao nível de significância de 5%. A resina microparticulada apresentou a maior alteração de cor e rugosidade e a menor dureza superficial, seguida pelas resinas nanoparticulada e microhíbrida. O envelhecimento artificial também promoveu um aumento na rugosidade e alteração de cor das resinas e redução em sua dureza. As soluções fluoretadas não alteraram a rugosidade e a dureza das resinas compostas, porém a solução Fluogard apresentou diferença significativa na alteração de cor entre as demais soluções de imersão para as resinas Filtek Z350 XT e Z250. Concluiu-se que a estabilidade de cor, a rugosidade e a dureza superficiais foram dependentes do material e do tempo, porém não foram influenciados pelas soluções fluoretadas, com exceção do Fluogard que alterou a cor das resinas nanoparticulada e microhíbrida

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fluoride solutions on color stability, surface roughness and hardness of different composite resins, in short and long term. Seventy-five specimens of 10mm diameter and 2mm thickness were made with composite resins and polished with aluminum oxide discs (Super-Snap, Shofu Dental Corp. Kyoto, Japan) in a decreasing order of granulation. Experimental groups were divided according to (1) composite resin (nanofilled - Filtek Z350 XT, mycrohybrid Filtek Z250 and microfilled - Durafill VS) and (2) different immersion media (artificial saliva, a manipulated 0.05% sodium fluoride solution, Fluordent Reach, Oral B, Fluogard). Specimens were kept in artificial saliva for 24 hours and submitted to color, roughness and hardness tests. From this period, specimens were immersed in the different solutions for 1 minute per day, during 60 days. In periods between immersions, specimens were kept in artificial saliva at 37ºC +- 1ºC. After that, the specimens were submitted to color, roughness and hardness analysis again. Then the artificial aging was carried out using 20,000 thermal cycles, 1,200,000 mechanical loading cycles and continuous immersion in the solutions for 1825 minutes. After the artificial aging, specimens were submitted to color stability, roughness and hardness tests. The obtained data for different periods were submitted to ANOVA. The color change data were evaluated by Tukey test. Surface roughness and hardness data were submitted to Tukey and Sidak tests, both at 5% significance. The highest color change and surface roughness were observed with the microfilled composite resin, followed by the nanofilled and microhybrid resin. Besides that, the lowest hardness also was obtained with the microfilled resin. The artificial aging promoted an increase of roughness and color change and a decrease of hardness for all composites. The fluoride solutions did not have influence to the hardness and the roughness of composite resins. The Fluogard solution changed the color of Filtek Z350 XT e Z250 resins. It was concluded that the color stability, surface roughness and hardness were modified according to material and time. However, these properties were not influenced by fluoride solutions, except by Fluogard that changed the color of nanofilled and microhybrid resins

Importância da abordagem precoce no tratamento odontológico de pacientes com necessidades especiais / Importance of the early dentistry treatment of pacients with specials necessities

Os pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais requerem um tratamento odontológico diferenciado devido às limitações determinadas por sua deficiência. A qualidade da higiene bucal está relacionada ao quadro clínico do paciente, tendo os indivíduos com problemas de motricidade e inteligência, a higiene bucal comprometida.Objetivo: realizar uma revisão da literatura a respeito da importância da abordagem precoce no tratamento odontológico de pacientes com necessidades especiais.Metodologia: a revisão de literatura foi realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico no Pubmed e Bireme. Estudos epidemiológicos da condição de cárie e doenças gengivais de pacientes com necessidades especiais demonstram índice de cárie e problemas periodontais elevados. Desse modo, é importante que haja profissionais capacitados e abordagem multidisciplinar adequada, para suprir as barreiras impostas durante o seu atendimento, como a ansiedade dos pais, problemas sistêmicos, discriminação, entre outras.Conclusão: a busca por auxílio, o mais cedo possível, resulta em maior cooperação frente ao tratamento odontológico, e na aquisição de cuidados que se perpetuam por toda a vida do paciente. Um programa de promoção de saúde bucal voltado especificamente a esses pacientes, envolvendo orientações de higiene bucal, dieta, controle de placa, motivação e interação dos pacientes com o profissional, a família e a sociedade, mostra-se como o melhor caminho...

Introduction: the patients with specials necessities need a singular dentistry treatment because they have limitations due to theirs deficiency. The quality of oral health is related to the clinical situation of patient. The individuals with motor and understanding problems have poor oral health.Aim: this study aimed to review the literature about the importance of the early dentistry treatment of pacients with specials necessities.Methodology: the review of literature was made through the Pubmed and Bireme. Studies about dental caries and periodontal disease of patients with specials necessities had shown high index of caries and periodontal disease. Therefore it is important that there are capacity professionals and multidisciplinary treatment. It is necessary to supply the dificulties of treatment like anxiety of parents, systemic problems and discrimination.Conclusion: the early treatment results in good coperation during the treatment, and the aquisition of cares for all life. The best way is a program of oral health with instructions about diet, oral hygiene, control of bacterials, motivation and interaction between patients and professionals...

Atenção odontológica integral ao idoso: uma abordagem holística / Integral oral attention to elderly: a holistic approach

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a atuação da Odontologia na atenção integral à saúde do idoso, considerando-se a necessidade da abordagem interdisciplinar. É apresentada a atual situação da Odontologia geriátrica e os problemas que ocorrem no Brasil pela falta de estudos específicos e de recursos humanos capacitados em geriatria dentro da Odontologia. São destacadas as interações entre as diversas profissões de saúde e a Odontologia, para a promoção de saúde, prevenção específica e reabilitação de pacientes idosos, com ênfase na importância da comunicação e da troca de informações. Por meio da literatura estudada, pode-se observar que os profissionais que buscam qualidade no atendimento aos seus pacientes, principalmente aqueles cuja clientela está focada nos indivíduos da terceira idade, devem aprender sobre conceitos da Odontogeriatria e aplicar a interdisciplinaridade na sua rotina de trabalho. A abordagem interdisciplinar da atenção ao idoso, no que se refere à saúde bucal, tem se mostrado eficiente ao influenciar na qualidade de vida deste indivíduo, por permitir que o paciente seja tratado dentro de uma visão integrada, sem desprezar a ocorrência de doenças sistêmicas que interfiram no ambiente bucal

This paper aims to discuss the role of Dentistry in the comprehensive health care for the elderly, considering the necessity of interdisciplinary approach. It shows the current status of Geriatric Dentistry and problems that occur in Brazil by the lack of specific studies and human resource training in geriatrics in Dentistry. The authors emphasize interactions between the various health professions and Dentistry, for health promotion, specific prevention and rehabilitation of elderly patients, emphasizing the importance of communication and information exchange. Through literature study, we can see that the professionals who seek quality care to their patients, especially those whose patients are elderly individuals, must learn and apply concepts of the interdisciplinary Geriatric Dentistry in their routine work; the interdisciplinary approach to the elderly, with regard to oral health, has proven effective in influencing the quality of life of this individual, by allowing the patient to be treated within an integrated vision, without neglecting the occurrence of systemic illnesses that interfere with the oral environment

Halitose: limitando a qualidade de vida / Halitosis: limiting the quality of life

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as causas, sintomas e consequências da halitose e a influência de medidas preventivas através de uma revisão da literatura. A halitose possui causas multifatoriais, podendo ter origem local, na maioria dos casos provenientes da boca, e sistêmicas. Sabendo-se que o desconhecimento sobre como prevenir a halitose permite a sua ocorrência, limitando a qualidade de vida do indivíduo, é de suma importância que os profissionais sejam melhores preparados e a população orientada quanto aos fatores fisiológicos e patológicos da halitose, para que, assim, possam atuar na prevenção de seus efeitos individuais e sociais

The aim of this literature review is to observe the causes, symptoms and consequences of halitosis and the influence of preventive measures. Halitosis has multifactorial causes, and may have local and systemic origins. It can limit the quality of life of individuals and often occurs due to lack of knowledge of prevention methods. Therefore, it is important that professionals are better prepared and people informed about the physiological and pathological halitosis to prevent its individual and social effects