Cognitive performance of young and elderly subjects on the free word recall memory test: effect of presentation order on recall order

The influence of aging on memory has been extensively studied, but the importance of short-term memory and recall sequence has not. The objective of the current study was to examine the recall order of words presented on lists and to determine if age affects recall sequence. Physically and psychologically healthy male subjects were divided into two groups according to age, i.e., 23 young subjects (20 to 30 years) and 50 elderly subjects (60 to 70 years) submitted to the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the free word recall test. The order of word presentation significantly affected the 3rd and 4th words recalled (P < 0.01; F = 14.6). In addition, there was interaction between the presentation order and the type of list presented (P < 0.05; F = 9.7). Also, both groups recalled the last words presented from each list (words 13-15) significantly more times 3rd and 4th than words presented in all remaining positions (P < 0.01). The order of word presentation also significantly affected the 5th and 6th words recalled (P = 0.05; F = 7.5) and there was a significant interaction between the order of presentation and the type of list presented (P < 0.01; F = 20.8). The more developed the cognitive functions, resulting mainly from formal education, the greater the cognitive reserve, helping to minimize the effects of aging on the long-term memory (episodic declarative).

Observation of tags and hybrid layer of a single bottle conventional adhesive system and a self-etching adhesive system, on sound dentin / Avaliações em microscopia óptica comum da camada hibrida de adesão e dos prolongamentos resinosos (tags) em tecido dentinário hígido: efeitos de um sistema adesivo resinoso frasco único e de um autocondicionante

This experimental light microscopy study investigated the formation of a hybrid layer and resin tags on sound dentin, after utilization of conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. Afterrestorative procedures, the specimens were decalcified in a formic acid and sodium citrate solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6-ìm thickness and stained by the Brown & Brenn method for analysis and measurement by light microscopy (AXIOPHOT) (400x). The results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, at a significance level of 5%. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the conventional adhesive allowed the formation of a thicker hybrid layer than the self-etching adhesive, with similar penetration into the dentinal tubules (resin tags).

Analisamos nesta pesquisa laboratorial/microscópica, o poder deformação da camada híbrida de adesão e dos prolongamentos resinosos (tags) em tecido dentinário hígido, empregando, para tanto, nesse substrato dental, um sistema adesivo convencional e outro autocondicionante. Após a realização dos procedimentosrestauradores; os espécimes foram descalcificados em solução de ácido fórmico/citrato de sódio, incluídos em parafina, cortados a uma espessura de 6 micrometros, corados pelo método Brown & Brenn, para posteriormente, serem analisados e mensurados emmicroscopia óptica comum (AXIOPHOT) (400X). Após a coleta dos resultados, estes foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA, ao nível de 5%. De acordo com os resultados obtidospudemos concluir que o adesivo convencional possibilitou a formaçãode uma camada híbrida de adesão mais espessa do que o adesivo autocondicionante e um mesmo nível penetração no interior do túbulo dentinário (Tags).

Segmentacao arterial do rim em natimortos de termo. / Renal arterial segmentation in stillborn

Os autores estudaram o padrao segmentar arterial do rim de natimortos atraves de 33 moldes obtidos por corrosao. A divisao primaria e secundaria da arteria renal e sua distribuicao foram observadas e relacionadas a formacao dos segmentos. Os moldes mostraram predominancia de tres ou quatro segmentos (36,4% e 39,4%, respectivamente). A presenca do segmento posterior ocorreu em 90,9% e o padrao classico de cinco segmentos ocorreu em apenas 15,1% dos casos