Brazilian Black Women are at Higher Risk for COVID-19 Complications: An Analysis of REBRACO, a National Cohort / Mulheres negras brasileiras correm maior risco de complicações da COVID-19: uma análise do REBRACO, uma coorte nacional

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the race (Black versus non-Black) on maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods This is a subanalysis of REBRACO, a Brazilian multicenter cohort study designed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. From February2020 until February 2021, 15 maternity hospitals in Brazil collected data on women with respiratory symptoms. We selected all women with a positive test for COVID-19; then, we divided them into two groups: Black and non-Black women. Finally, we compared, between groups, sociodemographic, maternal, and perinatal outcomes. We obtained the frequency of events in each group and compared them using X2 test; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. We also estimated the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Results 729 symptomatic women were included in the study; of those, 285 were positive for COVID-19, 120 (42.1%) were Black, and 165 (57.9%) were non-Black. Black women had worse education (p = 0.037). The timing of access to the health system was similar between both groups, with 26.3% being included with seven or more days of symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (OR 2.22 CI 1.17-4.21), intensive care unit admission (OR 2.00 CI 1.07-3.74), and desaturation at admission (OR 3.72 CI 1.41-9.84) were more likely to occur among Black women. Maternal death was higher among Black women (7.8% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.048). Perinatal outcomes were similar between both groups. Conclusion Brazilian Black women were more likely to die due to the consequences of COVID-19.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da raça (negra versus não negra) nos desfechos maternos e perinatais de gestantes com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos Esta é uma subanálise da REBRACO, um estudo de coorte multicêntrico brasileiro desenhado para avaliar o impacto da COVID-19 em mulheres grávidas. De fevereiro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, 15 maternidades do Brasil coletaram dados de mulheres com sintomas respiratórios. Selecionamos todas as mulheres com teste positivo para COVID-19; em seguida, as dividimos em dois grupos: mulheres negras e não negras. Finalmente, comparamos, entre os grupos, os resultados sociodemográficos, maternos e perinatais. Obtivemos a frequência dos eventos em cada grupo e comparamos usando o teste X2; Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados significativos. Também estimamos o odds ratio (OR) e os intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados 729 mulheres sintomáticas foram incluídas no estudo; desses, 285 foram positivos para COVID-19, 120 (42,1%) eram negros e 165 (57,9%) não eram negros. As mulheres negras apresentaram pior escolaridade (p = 0,037). O tempo de acesso ao sistema de saúde foi semelhante entre os dois grupos, com 26,3% incluídos com sete ou mais dias de sintomas. Síndrome respiratória aguda grave (OR 2,22 CI 1,17-4,21), admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva (OR 2,00 CI 1,07-3,74) e dessaturação na admissão (OR 3,72 CI 1,41-9,84) foram mais prováveis de ocorrer entre mulheres negras. A mortalidade materna foi maior entre as negras (7,8% vs. 2,6%, p = 0,048). Os resultados perinatais foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. Conclusão Mulheres negras brasileiras tiveram maior probabilidade de morrer devido às consequências da COVID-19.

Xerostomia impacts oral health-related quality of life in individuals with end-stage renal disease / Xerostomia impacta a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de indivíduos em estágio final de doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT Objective: This two-centre cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether xerostomia occurrence is associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after the adjustment for potential confounders. Methods: Oral examinations were performed by calibrated examiners for untreated dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss in 180 adults with ESRD. The presence of xerostomia was determined using the global question "How often does your mouth feel dry?". OHRQoL was evaluated by the simplified version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) questionnaire. Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis was used to calculate the incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the nonzero scores and odds ratios (OR) of having no impact in OHIP14 scores according to the presence of exposure. Results: In the adjusted model, xerostomia (IRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.20) was associated with poorer OHRQoL. The adjusted domain-specific analysis revealed that xerostomia occurrence significantly impacted the psychological disability and social disability, and the chance of having no impact was lower for the psychological discomfort domain (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.98). Conclusion: Xerostomia exert an impact on OHRQoL in patients with ESRD, mainly in the psychological and social disabilities constructs.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo transversal realizado em dois centros teve como objetivo avaliar se a ocorrência de xerostomia está associada à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) em pacientes com doença renal crônica em estágio final (DRCEF) após o ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão. Métodos: Exames bucais foram realizados por examinadores calibrados para cárie dentária não tratada, periodontite e perda dentária em 180 adultos com DRCEF. A presença de xerostomia foi determinada por meio da pergunta global "Com que frequência você fica com a boca seca?". A QVRSB foi avaliada pela versão simplificada do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A análise multivariada de regressão binomial negativa inflacionada por zero foi usada para calcular as taxas de incidência (IRR) para os escores diferentes de zero e os razões de chance (OR) de não haver impacto nos escores do OHIP-14 de acordo com a presença dA exposição. Resultados: No modelo ajustado, a xerostomia (IRR = 1,57; IC 95%: 1,12 a 2,20) foi associada a pior QVRSB. A análise específica por domínio revelou que a ocorrência de xerostomia impactou significativamente a incapacidade psicológica e a incapacidade social, e a chance de não haver impacto foi menor para o domínio desconforto psicológico (OR = 0,84; IC95%: 0,12 a 0,98). Conclusão: A xerostomia exerce impacto sobre a QVRSB em pacientes com DRCEF, principalmente nos construtos de deficiência psicológica e social.

The impact of child poverty on brain development: does money matter? / O impacto da pobreza infantil no desenvolvimento do cérebro: o dinheiro importa?

ABSTRACT The development of the human nervous system makes up a series of fundamental and interdependent events involving birth, growth, and neuronal maturation, in addition to the positive or negative selection of synapses of these neurons that will participate in the composition of neural circuits essential to the activity of the nervous system. In this context, where environment and social relationships seem to be relevant markers for neurodevelopment, advanced neuroimaging techniques and behavioral assessment tools have demonstrated alterations in brain regions and cognitive functions among children developing in low or high socioeconomic status environments. Considering the aspects mentioned, this review aimed to identify the importance of socioeconomic status in children's brain development, seeking to identify what are the impacts of these factors on the morphological and physiological formation of the nervous system, allowing a greater understanding of the importance of environmental factors in neurodevelopmental processes.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso humano compõe uma série de eventos fundamentais e interdependentes envolvendo o nascimento, crescimento e maturação neuronal, além da seleção positiva ou negativa de sinapses desses neurônios que participarão da composição de circuitos neurais essenciais à atividade do sistema nervoso. Nesse contexto, em que o ambiente e as relações sociais parecem ser marcadores relevantes para o neurodesenvolvimento, técnicas avançadas de neuroimagem e ferramentas de avaliação comportamental têm demonstrado alterações em regiões cerebrais e funções cognitivas em crianças que se desenvolvem em ambientes de baixo ou alto nível socioeconômico. Considerando os aspectos mencionados, esta revisão teve como objetivo identificar a importância do status socioeconômico no desenvolvimento cerebral infantil, buscando identificar quais são os impactos desses fatores na formação morfológica e fisiológica do sistema nervoso, permitindo maior compreensão da importância dos fatores ambientais nos processos de neurodesenvolvimento.

Selectivity of herbicides applied to Brazilian tree species at post-emergence

The presence of weeds in silvicultural systems has been considered one of the main obstacles to the success of projects designed to recover degraded areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied at post-emergence in the initial growth of seedlings of capixingui (Croton floribundus), açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), and guaritá (Astronium graveolens), in the municipalities of Jaboticabal and Junqueirópolis, state of São Paulo. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications, and the treatments consisted of herbicides (g a.i.·ha-1) clethodim + phenoxaprop-p-ethyl (50 + 50), sethoxydim (184), quizalofop-p-ethyl (75), nicosulfuron (50), fluazifop-p-butyl (125), fomesafen (225), haloxyfop-methyl (48), bentazon (720), chlorimuron-ethyl (15), in addition to control without herbicide. The characteristics analyzed were: plant height increase and visual phytointoxication at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after herbicide application. At the end of the experiment, the shoots of the plants were removed to assess shoot dry matter. The herbicides clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, and quizalofop-p-ethyl showed selective potential for the species capixingui, açoita-cavalo, and guaritá. The herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl caused mild intoxication symptoms when applied to seedlings of capixingui and açoita-cavalo; also, it was not selective for the guaritá species grown in Jaboticabal. All species showed selectivity to the herbicides sethoxydim, fomesafen, haloxyfop-methyl, and nicosulfuron, as their growth and initial development were not influenced. The herbicide bentazon caused high percentages of injury to açoita-cavalo plants in both cultivation places, but it did not influence the growth and development of the species.

Does pericapsular anesthetic block improve the postoperative period in transtrochanteric fractures? / Bloqueio anestésico pericapsular melhora o pós operatório em fraturas transtrocantéricas?

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate pain and mobility in patients with transtrochanteric fractures subjected to osteosynthesis with pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and compare with patients who did not receive the block. Methods: The medical records of 49 patients were analyzed and data were collected regarding: age, gender, anesthetic evaluation, cause of trauma, locomotion, fracture classification, type of anesthesia used, anesthetic technique, pain, opioid administration and mobility with partial load. Results: Out of 49 patients, 17 (34.7 %) received PENG block. After surgery, most patients complained of pain and opioids were administered (67.3 %), with greatest frequency in the group without PENG block (93.3 %). Most patients who received PENG block walked within 6 h after surgery (52.9 %) and all recovered the ability to walk until hospital discharge (48 h), different from the group that did not receive PENG block (p = 0.012). The groups showed a significant difference between them regarding the frequency of reports of moderate to severe pain (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The use of PENG block in patients with transtrochanteric fractures subjected to osteosynthesis can help to reduce postoperative pain, early mobility with partial load and less use of opioids. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a dor e a mobilidade em pacientes com fraturas transtrocantéricas submetidos à osteossíntese com bloqueio do grupo de nervos pericapsulares (PENG) e comparar a pacientes que não receberam o bloqueio. Métodos: Foram analisados os prontuários de 49 pacientes e coletados dados referentes a: idade, sexo, avaliação anestésica, causa do trauma, locomoção, classificação da fratura, tipo de anestesia utilizada, técnica anestésica, dor, administração de opioide e deambulação com carga parcial. Resultados: Dos 49 pacientes, 17 (34,7%) receberam o bloqueio PENG. Após a cirurgia, a maioria dos pacientes queixou-se de dor e foi administrado opioide (67,3%), sendo a maior frequência no grupo sem o bloqueio PENG (93,3%). A maioria dos pacientes que receberam bloqueio PENG deambularam em até 6h após a cirurgia (52,9%) e todos recuperaram a capacidade de deambular até a alta hospitalar (48h), diferindo do grupo que não recebeu o bloqueio PENG (p = 0,012). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à frequência de relatos de dor moderada a forte (p = 0,003). Conclusão: O uso de bloqueio PENG em pacientes com fraturas transtrocantéricas submetidos à osteossíntese pode auxiliar na diminuição da dor pós-operatória, deambulação precoce com carga parcial e menor necessidade de uso de opioides. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo.

Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (hmb) and resistance training on body fat and lipid metabolism signaling pathways

ABSTRACT Excess body fat is a serious problem for increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, compromising the health and quality of life of the population. In this sense, resistance training (RT) is type of physical exercise which improves body composition by increasing lean mass and reducing fat mass. RT in combination with nutrition (i.e. protein supplementation) is a key intervention to improve body fat metabolism and reducing obesity. Concerning protein supplementation, the β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid leucine that has demonstrated positive effects on body fat reduction. However, the effects of combining HMB supplementation with RT related to adipose tissue metabolic activity are controversial and warrant further investigation. This study analyzed the effects of HMB supplementation associated with RT on body fat concentration and lipid metabolism signaling pathways.

RESUMEN El exceso de grasa corporal es un problema grave que aumenta tu riesgo de enfermedades y problemas de salud, tales como enfermedad cardíaca, diabetes, presión arterial alta y ciertos tipos de cáncer. En este sentido, y dentro del ejercicio físico, el entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) es un tipo de entrenamiento con pesos que mejora la composición corporal aumentando la masa magra y perdiendo masa grasa. El ER asociado con la nutrición (ej. suplementación proteica) es una excelente intervención para mejorar el metabolismo de los lípidos al reducir la grasa corporal. En relación con la suplementación proteica el β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato (HMB) es un metabolito del aminoácido de cadena ramificada esencial leucina que ha demostrado efectos positivos en la reducción de grasa corporal. Sin embargo, los efectos de la suplementación con HMB asociados con TR relacionados con la actividad metabólica del tejido adiposo son controvertidos y necesita la realización de investigaciones adicionales. Este estudio analizó los efectos de la suplementación con HMB asociados con TR en la concentración de grasa corporal y en las vías de señalización que participan en la regulación del metabolismo de los lípidos.

Case report: Buschke-Löwenstein tumor in a non-immunosuppressed patient

The present work aims to report a case of Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), which is a mass of genital warts that usually affects immunosuppressed people. The reported case was diagnosed in a young patient with no known immunosuppression. Several tests were performed to confirm the diagnostic hypothesis, including immunohistochemistry, histological, molecular and imaging analysis. The results obtained were confirmatory in all analyses, except in the molecular one. Because BLT is a rare condition, there is still great literary heterogeneity regarding the ideal treatment, but some options can be considered, such as excision and radiotherapy. (AU)

Rompimento das barragens de Fundão e da Mina do Córrego do Feijão em Minas Gerais, Brasil: decisões organizacionais não tomadas e lições não aprendidas / Barragem de Fundão and Mina do Córrego do Feijão dams rupture in Minas Gerais, Brazil: untended organizational decisions and unlearned lessons

Resumo Introdução: rompimentos de barragens de rejeitos de mineração provocaram, em 2015, o maior desastre socioambiental e, em 2019, o maior acidente de trabalho do Brasil, ocasionando, respectivamente, a morte de 19 e 270 trabalhadores e moradores das áreas atingidas. Objetivo: identificar e discutir fatores gerenciais, de operação e de manutenção que podem contribuir para acidentes de rompimento de barragens, assim como sugerir medidas de aprimoramento de sistemas de gestão de empresas mineradoras, de políticas públicas e de normas técnicas que tratem da segurança de barragens. Métodos: ensaio com base em pesquisa documental. Foram utilizados relatórios oficiais sobre os acidentes, publicações técnicas e científicas e legislação pertinente ao tema. Resultados: fatores gerenciais, de operação, de manutenção, de engenharia e do ambiente de trabalho contribuíram para os rompimentos das barragens de Fundão e da mina do Córrego do Feijão. Discutem-se decisões gerenciais que levaram aos dois eventos e são apontadas medidas que poderiam ter evitado os acidentes. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a relevância da autonomia de técnicos e gerências na tomada de decisões, além da necessidade de alterar as normas técnicas utilizadas por empresas e os critérios de licenciamento e controle estatal de atividades que implicam grande risco ambiental e social.

Abstract Introduction: the rupture of mine-tailing dams in Brazil accounted for the largest socio-environmental disaster in 2015, and for the major work-related accident in 2019, causing, respectively, the death of 19 and 270 workers and residents of the affected areas. Objective: this study aimed to identify and discuss management, operational, and maintenance factors that may lead to dam failure, as well as suggest measures to improve management systems of mining companies, public policies, and technical regulations related to dam safety. Methods: essay based on documentary research making use of the accidents official reports, technical and scientific publications, and relevant legislation. Result: factors related to management, operation, maintenance, engineering, and work environment contributed to the dams rupture of Barragem do Fundão and Mina do Córrego do Feijão. We discussed management decisions that led to both events, as well as measures that could have prevented them. Conclusion: the findings highlight the relevance of the technicians' and managers' autonomy in decision-making, besides indicating the need for changing technical standards maintained by companies, and state control, and licensing criteria for activities involving great environmental and social risk.

Conditioning factors to market fruits and vegetables from family farms to supermarket supply chains / Fatores condicionantes à comercialização de frutas, legumes e verduras da agricultura familiar em cadeias de suprimentos de supermercados

ABSTRACT: Globally, increasing number of fruits and vegetables are being consumed to maintain healthy eating habits. Family farming plays a crucial role in fruits and vegetables production; products are marketed in supply chains, which are increasingly demanding, diversified, and complex. Participation of the family farms in each of these supply chains is subject to their ability to meet the increasingly strict participation criteria. In this context, this study identified the main factors that affect the participation of the family farmers in the supermarket supply chains for fresh fruits and vegetables. A systematic literature review was conducted, covering the period from 2005 to 2019. Results indicated eleven variables that affect the participation of the fruits and vegetables family farms in the supermarket supply chains. These variables were grouped in an analytical framework, which comprised four factors: characteristics of the producer, characteristics of the farm, institutional aspects, and available infrastructure. This framework is useful for the development and implementation of the public and private policies for successful participation of fruits and vegetables family farmers in supermarket supply chains.

RESUMO: Preocupações ambientais e a busca por uma alimentação saudável têm levado ao aumento mundial de consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras. A agricultura familiar é um segmento muito importante na produção de frutas, legumes e verduras, sendo os seus produtos comercializados em cadeias de suprimentos crescentemente mais exigentes, complexas e diversificadas. A participação de produtores familiares em cada uma destas cadeias de suprimentos está submetida a capacidade deles atenderem critérios de inserção cada vez mais estritos.As cadeias de suprimentos de frutas,legumes e verduras que abastecem os supermercados não fogem a esta situação.Neste contexto, este artigo identificou os principais fatores que condicionam a inserção dos agricultores familiares nas cadeias de suprimentos de frutas, legumes e verduras dos supermercados.Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura num período compreendido entre 2005 e 2019. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que existem onze variáveis que condicionam a inserção da agricultura familiar em cadeias supermercadistas de frutas, legumes e verduras. Estas variáveis foram agrupadas em um framework analítico composto por quatro fatores: características do produtor e da propriedade, aspectos institucionais e infraestrutura. Este framework é útil ao desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas e privadas voltadas à inserção exitosa da produção de frutas, legumes e verduras de agricultores familiares nas cadeias de suprimentos de supermercados.

Public perception of COVID-19 in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais state, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey

This was a cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey aimed at assessing the perceptions and basic knowledge of COVID-19, a highly transmissible disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, in a sample population in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A questionnaire devised by the researchers and distributed through social media was applied between June 16, 2020 and August 21, 2020. The survey consisted of questions about the basic aspects of COVID-19, which included symptoms, risk groups, suspicion of infection, prevention, transmission, and perception regarding social isolation. The average distribution, frequencies, similarities and differences between the responses for the different variables were evaluated. Five hundred twenty valid responses were obtained from participants aged ≥18 years. Most of the respondents showed satisfactory basic knowledge of COVID-19. Moreover, the data showed that the participants scored an average of 87.6%. Sex, age, and socioeconomic vulnerability presented a statistically significant link with knowledge of the disease; women, young participants, and the least socioeconomically vulnerable had the highest scores. This study indicated that the population in the Triângulo Mineiro region able to access social networking platforms were basically well informed regarding COVID-19, although differences were observed depending on the group analyzed.

Effects of yacon flour associated with an energy restricted diet on intestinal permeability, fecal short chain fatty acids, oxidative stress and inflammation markers levels in adults with obesity or overweight: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objectives Yacon flour is rich in bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds and fructooligosaccharides (FOS)), and may therefore reduce the risk of diseases associated with excess body weight. However, its effect on fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), intestinal permeability, oxidative stress and inflammation markers has not been studied in adult humans with excess body weight. Thus, we evaluated the effect of the consumption of yacon flour on these variables. Materials and methods Twenty-six excess body weight (30.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2) adults (31.3 ± 8.5y) were randomized to one of two groups (yacon flour or control; n = 13) on a double blind clinical trial. Subjects received a breakfast drink containing or not yacon flour (25g) associated with an energy restricted diet, for six weeks. The flour chemical characterization, FOS and total phenolics contents were evaluated. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo (plasma). Intestinal permeability, fecal SCFA, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers also were evaluated in vivo. Results Yacon flour was well tolerated. It presented an in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity, increased plasma total antioxidant capacity (ΔYAC: 49.16 (-4.20; 156.63)) and reduced protein carbonyl concentrations (ΔYAC: -0.98 (-1.54; -0.42)). A reduction in SCFAs was observed in both groups (Δacetic: -3.16 (-5.07; -0.95) vs. -1.05 (-2.65; 1.11); Δpropionic: -1.05 (-2.60;-0.38) vs. -0.41 (-2.08; 0.09); Δbutyric: -0.75 (-1.38; -0.04) vs. -0.28 (-0.98; 0.11), for YAC and CON, respectively). Other variables did not change. Conclusion The yacon flour increased the plasma antioxidant capacity, decreased oxidative stress and SCFAs in adults with obesity or overweight.

Self-reported dental treatment needs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil: an infodemiological study

Abstract The aim of the present infodemiological study was to evaluate whether the COVID-19 outbreak has influenced the volume of content related to the dental treatment needs of Brazilian Twitter users to summarize the trends, and to identify the perceptions of the treatment needed. We collected tweets related to dental care needs of individuals exposed to the COVID-19 outbreak scenario between March 23 to May 4, 2020 and of those not exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic (unexposed group) on the same reported days of 2019 using the terms "dentista (dentist), dente (tooth), siso (third molar), and aparelho (orthodontic appliance)." Descriptive analysis was performed to provide summary statistics of the frequencies of tweets related to different dental treatment needs and also the differences in volume content between the years 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the data were analyzed by qualitative analysis using an inductive approach. A total of 1,763 tweets from 2020 and 1,339 tweets from 2019 were screened. Those tweets posted by non-Brazilian users, duplicates, and those unrelated to dental treatment needs were removed and, therefore 1,197 tweets from 2020 and 719 tweets from 2019 were selected. Content volume related to dental treatment needs greatly increased during the COVID-19 outbreak. Findings from the word cloud and content analysis suggest that dental pain, related or not to the third molar, and problems with orthodontic appliances were the topics most commonly related to dental treatment needs discussed during the COVID-19 outbreak, mainly conveying anxiety and distress. The volume of tweets related to dental treatment needs posted by Brazilian users increased during the COVID-19 outbreak and self-reported pain and urgencies were the most popular topics.

Hyperimmune globulin and monoclonal antibody for the treatment of SARS CoV-2 infection

The current pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19), caused by the pathogen SARSCoV-2, leading to thousands of deaths in 2020, has mobilized the scientific community, with the purpose of understanding the different aspects of the disease and proposing new treatment and prevention measures. Research carried out in several areas includes evaluating the possibility of using hyperimmune globulin and monoclonal antibodies against SARS CoV-2 as well as analyzing the viability and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune globulin in combating Sars-CoV-2. A literature review was carried out with a defined search strategy using the keywords (i) "hyperimmune globulin", (ii) "monoclonal antibody", (iii)" covid-19" and (iv)" sars-cov-2", in the PubMed and ResearchGate databases, using the bibliographic references of the articles selected in these databases. Of the 187 citations obtained, 10 articles published between 2019 and 2020 were selected after reading the summary of each one and determining its compatibility with the objective of this study. Final considerations highlight the main challenges and the feasibility of using hyperimmune globulin and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment/prevention of SARS CoV-2 infection.

Heifers rearing on natural grassland under rotational grazing during warm season / Recria de novilhas em pastagem natural sob pastoreio rotativo na primavera-verão

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two rest intervals between grazing on the structural characteristics of pasture and performance of beef heifers in Campos grassland under rotational grazing. The treatments were two intervals between 375 and 750 DD (degree-days) grazing, based on the cumulative thermal sum for leaf expansion of native grasses belonging to capture and conservation groups of resources dominant in a natural grassland. The experiment was conducted during 151 days from October 2015 to March 2016, and twenty-four Braford heifers tests mean age = 12 months; mean body weight = 220kg (± 27.8) were used. The pre-grazing total forage mass (FMt) was on average 3791 kgMSha-1 and did not differ between treatments and season, the same occurred with the non-tussock FM. The average stocking rate was 469 kg ha-1 in both treatments. The average daily gain varied only between seasons, 0.102 kg animal-1 day-1 during spring and 0.372 kg animal-1 day-1 during summer. During the 151 evaluation days, the gain per area was a 103 kgha-1. The use of rest intervals between grazing based on the leaf elongation of dominant grasses, when applied to the areas of Campos grasslands, provided nutritional conditions to reach the target body weight for breeding 24 months old beef heifers.

RESUMO: O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de dois intervalos de descanso entre pastoreios nas características estruturais do pasto e desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagens naturais manejadas em pastejo rotativo. Os tratamentos foram dois intervalos entre pastejos de 375 e 750 GD (graus dia), baseados na soma térmica da duração de elongação foliar média de gramíneas de grupos de captura e conservação dos recursos dominantes de uma pastagem natural. O experimento foi conduzido no período de outubro de 2015 a março de 2016, com duração de 151 dias e os períodos experimentais divididos em primavera e verão. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas teste da raça Braford, com idade inicial na média de 12 meses, e de peso corporal médio de 220 kg (± 27,8). A Massa de forragem total (FMt) pré-pastejo foi em média de 3791 kgMSha-1 e não diferiu entre tratamentos e estação, o mesmo ocorreu com a FM de estrato não touceira. A taxa de lotação média foi de 469 kgha-1 em ambos os tratamentos. O ganho médio diário variou apenas entre estações, com médias de 0,102 kganimal-1dia-1 na primavera e 0,372 kganimal-1dia-1 no verão. O ganho por área durante os 151 dias de avaliação foi em média de 103 kgha-1. As pastagens naturais submetidas a intervalos de descanso entre pastoreios baseados na elongação foliar de gramíneas dominantes, independente do tratamento utilizado, proporcionam ritmos de ganhos médios diários compatíveis com a meta de peso corporal, a ser atingida aos 24 meses, para que as novilhas possam ser acasaladas.

Silêncios em discurso: Família, conflito e micropolítica em narrativas sobre a revelação da homossexualidade / Silencios en el discurso: Familia, conflicto y micropolítica en las narraciones sobre la revelación de la homosexualidad / Silences in discourse: family, conflict and micropolitics in narratives about the revelation of homosexuality

Resumo Este artigo aborda experiências de revelação da orientação sexual para a família de origem entre gays e lésbicas, baseado em entrevistas e observação participante conduzidas na cidade de Belo Horizonte, entre 2017 e 2018. O trabalho explora sentidos e efeitos do silêncio vivenciado no cotidiano da casa após a revelação da orientação homossexual para a família, considerando como este integra disputas micropolíticas. Argumentamos que as formas plurais pelas quais silêncios podem ser constituídos, percebidos e relatados guardam relação com a constituição de lugares e distâncias sociais dentro da família, situadas no interior de contextos político-culturais mais abrangentes.

Resumen Este artículo analiza las experiencias de revelar orientación sexual a la familia de origen entre gays y lesbianas, en base a entrevistas y observación participante realizada en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, entre 2017 y 2018. El artículo explora los significados y los efectos del silencio experimentado en la vida cotidiana de la casa. después de la revelación de la orientación homosexual a la familia, considerando cómo integra las disputas micropolíticas. Argumentamos que las formas plurales en las que se pueden constituir, percibir e informar los silencios están relacionadas con la constitución de lugares y distancias sociales dentro de la familia, situadas en contextos político-culturales más amplios.

Abstract This article discusses experiences of coming out to the family of origin between gays and lesbians, based on participant observation and interviews conducted in the city of Belo Horizonte, between 2017 and 2018. The study explores meanings and effects of silence experienced in the everyday life of households after the revelation of homosexual orientation for the family, considering how it takes part in micropolitical disputes. We argue that the plural forms by which silences can be constituted, perceived and narrated are articulated with the constitution of social places and social distances in the family, located within broader political-cultural contexts.

Pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia / Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia

A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença multifatorial e multissistêmica específica da gestação. É classicamente diagnosticada pela presença de hipertensão arterial associada à proteinúria em gestante previamente normotensa após a 20a semana de gestação. A pré-eclâmpsia também é considerada na ausência de proteinúria se houver lesão de órgão-alvo. A presente revisão tem uma abordagem geral focada em aspectos de interesse prático na assistência clínica e obstétrica dessas mulheres. Assim, explora a etiologia ainda desconhecida, aspectos atuais da fisiopatologia e do diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial de convulsões, a abordagem da predição da doença, seus resultados adversos e prevenção. A conduta baseia-se em princípios gerais, tratamento clínico não farmacológico e farmacológico de situações graves ou não graves, com ênfase na crise hipertensiva e eclâmpsia. O controle obstétrico se fundamenta na pré-eclâmpsia sem ou com sinais de deterioração clínica e/ou laboratorial, estratificação da idade gestacional abaixo de 24 semanas, entre 24 e menos de 34 semanas e 34 ou mais semanas de gestação e orientação na via de parto. Uma abordagem imediata do puerpério e repercussões na vida futura de gestantes que desenvolvem pré-eclâmpsia também foram apresentadas.(AU)

Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial and multisystemic disease specific to gestation. It is classically diagnosed by the presence of hypertension associated with proteinuria manifested in a previously normotensive pregnant woman after the 20th week of gestation. Pre-eclampsia is also considered in the absence of proteinuria if there is target organ damage. The present review takes a general approach focused on aspects of practical interest in the clinical and obstetric care of these women. Thus, it explores the still unknown etiology, current aspects of pathophysiology and of the diagnosis, the approach to disease prediction, its adverse outcomes and prevention. Management is based on general principles, on nonpharmacological and on pharmacological clinical treatment of severe or nonsevere situations with emphasis on the hypertensive crisis and eclampsia. Obstetric management is based on preeclampsia without or with signs of clinical and/or laboratory deterioration, stratification of gestational age in < 24 weeks, between 24 and less than 34 weeks, and ≥ 34 weeks of gestation, and guidance on route of delivery. An immediate puerperium approach and repercussions in the future life of pregnant women who develop preeclampsia is also presented.(AU)