Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy applied in pediatrics: endoscopic and histological findings, including Helicobacter pylori / Endoscopia digestiva alta aplicada em pediatria: hallazgos endoscópicos e histológicos incluyendo al Helicobacter pylory

Objective: To present and discuss the endoscopic and histological results, as well as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori and other diseases, indications and characteristics of upper digestive endoscopies performed in children. Material and methods: Twenty-five endoscopies were performed in children aged six months to 11 years (mean 7.69 years), from February 2013 to January 2016. In 200 patients, endoscopies were diagnostic and serial biopsies were performed (esophagus, stomach and duodenum), in 120 of them. Results: The indication of endoscopy was diagnosed in 88.89% of the patients, and in 26 patients, a therapeutic procedure was performed. The most frequent endoscopic findings were esophagitis in 49 patients, gastritis in 84 and duodenitis in 16 patients. Four duodenal ulcers were diagnosed. In the therapeutic endoscopies, six gastrostomies were performed, 14 foreign body withdrawals, five nasoenteral tube passages and esophageal dilatation. The H. pylori survey was performed by anatomopathological method and was positive in 26 (13%) of the 200 patients in whom it was searched. Conclusion: pediatric endoscopy is an important niche of the digestive endoscopy, where it is important to emphasize the relevance of the institutional structure that performs these procedures, in order to conduct them safely, being able to treat possible and feasible complications

Objetivo: Presentar y discutir los hallazgos endoscópicos e histológicos, así como la incidencia de Helicobacter pylori y otras enfermedades, indicaciones y características de endoscopia digestiva alta realizada en niños. Material y métodos: Fueron realizadas 225 endoscopias en niños de seis meses a 11 años (media de 7,69 años) a partir de febrero de 2013 hasta enero de 2016. En 200 pacientes, en las endoscopias diagnósticas se llevan a cabo biopsias seriadas (esófago, estómago y duodeno) en 120 de ellos. Resultados: La indicación de endoscopia fue diagnóstica en el 88,89% de los pacientes y en 26 pacientes se realizaron un procedimiento terapéutico. Los hallazgos endoscópicos más frecuentes fueron esofagitis en 49 pacientes, gastritis y duodenitis 84 y en 16 pacientes se diagnosticaron cuatro úlceras duodenales. En endoscopias terapéuticas fueron realizadas seis gastrostomías, catorce extracciones de cuerpos extraños, cinco pasajes de sonda nasogástrica y una dilatación esofágica. El estudio de H. pylori se realizó por el método histopatológico y fué positivo en 26 (13%) de 200 pacientes en los que se han buscado. Conclusión: La endoscopía pediátrica es un nicho importante de la endoscopía digestiva donde es importante enfatizar la relevancia de la estructura institucional que realiza estos procedimientos para conducirlos con seguridad y ser capaces de tratar las complicaciones posibles

Tratamento endoscópico do câncer retal precoce / Endoscopic treatment of early rectal cancer

Relata-se um caso de tratamento endoscópico de câncer retal precoce. Paciente do sexo masculino, 63 anos, foi admitido no Serviço de Endoscopia do Hospital Ana Costa para a realização de colonoscopia para seguimento de doença diverticular dos cólons. Durante o procedimento, além da diverticulose, observou-se lesão plano-elevada em reto médio, que foi ressecada em bloco com alça de polipectomia precedida de injeção de solução de azul de metileno na submucosa. A peça foi submetida a estudo anatomopatológico, que evidenciou adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado com margens circunferenciais livres. Foi realizada ecoendoscopia transrretal perilesional, com o intuito de detectar a presença de neoplasia residual e acometimentos linfáticos e vasculares com resultados negativos. A conduta a seguir foi a realização de seguimento com retossigmoidoscopia flexível e colonoscopia para detecção de recidiva do tumor.

We report a case of endoscopic treatment of early rectal cancer. A male patient, 63 years, was admitted to the Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Ana Costa, Santos, SP, for colonoscopy to follow-up colon diverticular disease. During the procedure, beyond diverticulosis, a high level lesion in medium rectum was observed, which was resected en bloc with polipectomy loop preceded by injection of methylene blue in submucosa. The piece underwent pathologic evaluation, which showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with free circunferencial margins. It was performed perilesional transrretal ultrasound in order to detect the presence of residual neoplastic superficial vascular and lymphatic affections with negative results. The path to follow was to conduct screening with flexible retosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy for detection of recurrence tumor.