Inflammation, a key factor in cancer ambush

Inflammatory condition is the consequence of defensive mechanism of immune system against viral and bacterial infection, tissue injury, UV radiation, stress and etc. Persistently acute inflammation leads to chronic phase which is characterized by production of pro-inflammatory mediators from T cells. These molecules [e.g. IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-17] are mostly pleiotropic cytokines involved in multiple signaling cascades. NF-kappaB, STAT3, and HIF-1alpha are the major engaged pathways directing to several downstream targets associating with tumorigenesis and inflammation. Carcinogenesis processes such as DNA mutation/damage, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and invasion are implicated to inflammation. Clearly there is a closely association between cancer and inflammation reported as "Seven Hallmark of Cancer". The elucidation of relationship between inflammation and cancer and their interaction may result in effective therapy and prevention. Gastric cancer is one of the main cancer involved in complex correlation of inflammation and cancer. Inflammation in gastric epithelium could trigger cellular transformation and promote invasion by inducing immune responses and utilizing signaling cascades. Gastric tumor microenvironment has inverse association by providing cytokines and inflammatory mediators. This closely relationship facilitates gastric tumor development and the induction of chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironment. The current review will focus on describing the possible and critical ways in which inflammation and cancer are linked together with specific view to gastric cancer and inflammation. Finally, it introduces some putative treatment generally used in this way in order to direct more attention for further exploration

Personalized medicine; a bridge between current medicine and the future healthcare

Personalized medicine is a new insight of health care in which interventions is informed by each patient's characteristics; including in genotype and phenotype. Nowadays, rapid advances in genomics, proteomics, and lipomics, which identified individuals differences may lead to produce new drug and diagnostic and screening biomarkers. These allow physicians to determine the type and dosage of drugs based on genetic and genomic characteristics of each patient. Genetic variants that identified by using molecular analysis can be used to screen at risk people on the particular disease, design and administer appropriate medications that are fit to the genetic background, and select the best treatment protocol. Actually, personalized medicine will be the bridge between current medicine and future medicine. In addition to a brief review of history of personalized medicine, this review focused on its required technologies, the role of personalized medicine in pharmacogenetics, prognostic, diagnostic, and target therapy of cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, allergic and infectious diseases