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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 88(6): 345-350, dic. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530032

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la usabilidad de un dispositivo para medir el dolor durante el trabajo de parto a través de siete ítems: tamaño, textura, facilidad de uso, peso, resistencia, comodidad y seguridad. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Se solicitó a 60 pacientes usar el sensor manual durante el transcurso de seis contracciones uterinas (aproximadamente 10-20 minutos) y al día siguiente se aplicó una encuesta en la que las pacientes evaluaron la usabilidad del dispositivo en cuanto a textura, peso, resistencia, comodidad, facilidad de uso, tamaño del sensor, seguridad de uso, peso del sensor, resistencia y comodidad, mediante una escala de Likert de 1 a 7. La seguridad fue evaluada con una escala de 1 a 5. Resultados: Se realizaron gráficos de caja. Con respecto a la seguridad, un 86% de las usuarias marcaron 5 puntos en la escala, percibiendo el dispositivo como seguro. Conclusiones: El dispositivo fue percibido como seguro, liviano, fácil de usar y cómodo.


Objective: To evaluate the usability of a device to measure pain during labor through seven items: size, texture, ease of use, weight, resistance, comfort, and safety. Method: Longitudinal observational study. 60 patients were asked to use the manual sensor during the course of six uterine contractions (approximately 10-20 minutes) and the following day a survey was applied where the patients evaluated the usability of the device in terms of texture, weight, resistance, comfort, easiness of use, sensor size, safety of use, sensor weight, resistance and comfort through a Likert scale from 1 to 7. Safety was evaluated with a scale from 1 to 5. Results: They were schematized with a box plot. Regarding safety, 86% of the users scored 5 points on the scale, perceiving the device as safe. Conclusions: It can be seen that the device was perceived as safe, light, easy to use and comfortable.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Medição da Dor/instrumentação , Dor do Parto/diagnóstico , Trabalho de Parto , Parto Obstétrico , Desenho de Equipamento
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(10)oct. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389223

RESUMO

Background: Equations for the evaluation of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) with Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were formulated in Caucasian populations. International recommendations suggest that population-specific equations should be formulated. Aim: To validate an equation previously formulated in Chileans adults and compare it to a new equation generated on an independent sample. Material and Methods: In 108 adult volunteers aged 38.1±14.1 years (44% males), with a body mass index (BMI) of 25.1± 4.1 kg/m2, body composition was measured by BIA (Bodystat) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA: Lunar Prodigy). Body composition estimated using Schifferli equation and BIA were compared with DEXA, by the Bland-Altman method and simple linear regression. Results: FFM and FM measured by DXA were 45.2 ± 9.8 kg and 29.6 ± 11.7 % respectively. Resistance was 467.7 ± 76.3 ohm. Schifferli equation and BIA significantly overestimated FFM by 7.3 and 7.4 kg, respectively. The error was higher for high levels of FFM (slope β < 1, p < 0.01). Both equations underestimated FM measured by DXA (averages of 7.5 and 7.8%, respectively, p < 0.01), without a differential bias for Schifferli equation, but with a bias in low levels of FM measured with BIA (slope β < 1, p < 0.01). Estimation biases could be eliminated using the regression coefficients. Conclusions: Both equations behave similarly and have biases, although less with Schifferli. Statistically correcting for biases, the new adjusted equations provide clinically valid estimates of FFM and FM. Equations should not only be population-specific, but also device-specific.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Composição Corporal , Absorciometria de Fóton , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Impedância Elétrica
3.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 9(4): 326-335, ago. 31, 2020. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1179157

RESUMO

Objectives: To compare sleep disorders and polysomnographic records among a group of young adults with sleep bruxism (SB) and a control group (C). Material and methods: This cross-sectional study considered a consecutive sampling of students from the target population, searching for cases of SB until 20 individuals with and without SB were obtained. Sleep disorders were determined by applying both medical records and physiological records during sleep which were gathered from a polysomnography exam. To establish the difference of the means according to SB, the T-Student or Mann-Whitney U tests were used, depending on the data. A Logistic Regression analysis was also applied. Results: The study found differences (p-value<0.05) in the variables related to the sleep disorder: the possibility of major depressive episode (SB: 30% - C: 5%), degree of nasal airway obstruction (SB: 20% - C: 10%) and in polysomnographic registers: sleep time stage 1 (SB: 9 min - C: 18 min), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage (SB: 123 min C: 93 min ), number of periodic movement of the limbs (SB: 84.2 - C: 49.7), bruxism index (SB: 40.2 - C: 10.1) and average of total arousals (SB: 71.9 - C: 57.5). According to the logistic regression model, the Odds Ratio (OR) of SB, in relation to the periodic movement of the limbs and the degree of airway obstruction, it showed a statistically significant relationship (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences recorded in two sleep disorders between the two groups: the degree of airway obstruction and the possibility of having a major depressive episode. Differences were found in sleep and REM time stages, periodic movement of limbs and bruxism events.


Objetivo: Comparar los trastornos del sueño y los registros polisomnográficos entre un grupo de adultos jóvenes con bruxismo del sueño (BS) y un grupo control (C). Material y Métodos: Este estudio transversal consideró una muestra consecutiva de estudiantes de la población objetivo, buscando casos de BS hasta obtener 20 individuos con y sin BS. Los trastornos del sueño se determinaron aplicando registros médicos y fisiológicos durante el sueño que se obtuvieron de un examen de polisomnografía. Para establecer la diferencia de las medias según BS se utilizaron las pruebas t-Student o U de Mann-Whitney, según los datos. También se aplicó un análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: El estudio encontró diferencias (p<0,05) en las variables relacionadas con el trastorno del sueño: posibilidad de episodio depresivo mayor (BS: 30% - C: 5%), grado de obstrucción de la vía aérea nasal (BS: 20% - C: 10%) y en registros polisomnográficos: tiempo de sueño etapa 1 (BS: 9 min - C: 18 min), etapa de Movimiento Ocular Rápido (REM) (SB: 123 min C: 93 min), número de movimientos periódicos del extremidades (BS: 84.2 - C: 49.7), índice de bruxismo (BS: 40.2 - C: 10.1) y promedio de despertares totales (BS: 71.9 - C: 57.5). Según el modelo de regresión logística, el Odds Ratio (OR) del BS, en relación al movimiento periódico de las extremidades y al grado de obstrucción de la vía aérea, mostró una relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusión: Se registraron diferencias significativas en dos trastornos del sueño entre los dos grupos: el grado de obstrucción de la vía aérea y la posibilidad de tener un episodio depresivo mayor. Se encontraron diferencias en las etapas de sueño y tiempo REM, movimiento periódico de extremidades y eventos de bruxismo.


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Bruxismo , Bruxismo do Sono , Estudos Transversais , Polissonografia , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva
4.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 83(5): 464-470, nov. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-978120

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: Relacionar la pertenencia a la etnia Mapuche y los síntomas climatéricos de indicación de Terapia Hormonal de la Menopausia (THM), en una población del sector rural de Boyeco, región de La Araucanía. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional realizado en mujeres rurales en control de salud en CESFAM Boyeco entre octubre de 2016 y enero de 2017. Ninguna de las participantes evaluadas recibía THM. Para el estudio, se consideró el número de apellidos mapuches. Se utilizó el instrumento validado para población chilena, "Escala MRS" (Menopause Rating Scale), el cual permite discriminar los diferentes dominios sintomáticos del climaterio. Resultados: El grupo en estudio lo componen 36 mujeres de 41 a 78 años de edad, promedio (DE) 52,8(8,6) años, un 52,8% tiene dos apellidos mapuches y 25% uno. Un 92,8% de las mujeres mapuche tiene indicación de terapia, versus todas las no mapuche. En las menores de 50 años, todas tiene indicación de terapia, frente a un 71,4% en las mayores de 50 años. Conclusiones: Las pacientes mapuches tienen mayor sintomatología en los dominios somáticos y psicológicos, especialmente aquellas bajo 50 años. Todas las mujeres estudiadas bajo 50 años requieren terapia, sin variación estadísticamente significativa x etnicidad.


SUMMARY Objective: To stablish the relationship between belonging to Mapuche ethnic group on the climacteric symptoms for indication of menopause hormone therapy (HTM), in the rural population of Boyeco, inside of Araucania's region, Chile. Materials and methods: An observational and descriptive study, in a sample in time of 36 women belonging to the sector who attended CESFAM Boyeco, between October 2016 and January 2017. None of the evaluated participants received THM. As exposure variable, it was considered the number the mapuche surnames. We used the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), an international instrument validated for Chilean population, to discriminate the different symptomatic domains of the climacteric period. Results: 94.7% of mapuche women and all non-mapuche population had prescribed hormonal therapy. Independent of ethnicity, those under 50 years of age, 100% have an indication for therapy compared to 71.4% in those over 50 years of age. Conclusions: Mapuche patients have greater symptomatology in the somatic-psychological domains, especially in those under 50 years of age. The totality of women under 50 requires therapy, however, variation according to ethnicity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Climatério , Menopausa/etnologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Povos Indígenas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/métodos , Chile/epidemiologia
5.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 5(2): 171-177, Aug. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-608718

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal durante el año 2008 con una muestra 301 niños de 2 y 4 años que asisten por primera vez al servicio dental del Hospital de Calbuco, cuyo objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de caries temprana de la infancia (CTI), severa caries temprana de la infancia (CTI-S) y sus factores asociados. El diagnóstico de caries siguió los criterios establecidos por la OMS, considerando a las caries incipientes dentro del componente caries. Además se investigó su relación con factores socio-demográficos, dietarios y hábitos de higiene oral. La información fue analizada usando test exacto de Fisher y modelos de regresión logística. La prevalencia de CTI fue de un 70 por ciento con una severidad de un 52 por ciento. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre CTI y variables como edad, ruralidad, estado nutricional, uso de biberón, uso biberón nocturno e índice de higiene oral simplificado (p<0,05). Del estudio multivariado se determinó que a los 2 años el usar biberón nocturno es un factor protector (OR=2,6). La alta prevalencia de CTI en la población estudiada evidencia la necesidad de incorporar programas educativos y preventivos durante el primer año de vida.


A cross-sectional study was performed during 2008, with a sample of 301 two and four year-old children attending their first dental appointment in the Calbuco Hospital. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and their associated factors. The children´s dental examination and caries diagnosis were carried out using standardized methods (World Health Organization). White spot lesion was recorded as caries. The relationship of socio-demographic factors, dietary habits and oral hygiene was also investigated. The data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test and logistic regression models. The prevalence of ECC, including white spot lesions was 70 percent with a severity of 52 percent. A significant statistical association was found between ECC and variables such as age, rurality, nutritional status, bottle-feeding, bottle-feeding at bedtime and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) (p<0.05). The multivariate study determined that the presence of bottle-feeding at bed time is a protective factor in 2 year-old children (OR = 2.6). The high prevalence of ECC highlighted the need to incorporate educational and preventive programs during the first year of life.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Cárie Dentária , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Modelos Logísticos , Estado Nutricional , Higiene Bucal , Prevalência , Zona Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Área Urbana
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