RESUMO
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of nonpolymorphic resistance-associated mutations [RAM] in HIV-1 patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Kuwait
Subjects and Methods: Total RNA was isolated from plasma samples of 42 patients who received a first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]-based regimen. HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genetic regions were then amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. The HIV-1 subtype was identified using the Bayesian phylogenetic method, and RAM were identified using the Stanford University genotypic resistance interpretation algorithm
Results: The HIV-1 viral load at sampling ranged from < 20 to 8.25 × 10[4] copies/ml. CRF01_AE, C, and B were the most predominant HIV-1 subtypes. Nonpolymorphic mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were detected in 11 [26.2%] of the 42 patients; 5 [11.9%] patients had mutations associated with a high-level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTI], 4 [9.5%] patients had mutations associated with resistance to NNRTI, 1 [2.4%] patient had mutations associated with resistance to both NRTI and NNRTI, and 1 [2.4%] patient had mutations potentially associated with low-level resistance to both protease inhibitors and NNRTI. All patients with RAM had a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA level
Conclusion: Our results indicate the development of RAM during an NNRTI-based regimen and highlight the importance of considering other regimens to avoid treatment failure