Prognostic factors of worse outcome for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with emphasis on chest computed tomography data: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate anthropometric and clinical data, muscle mass, subcutaneous fat, spine bone mineral density, extent of acute pulmonary disease related to COVID-19, quantification of pulmonary emphysema, coronary calcium, and hepatic steatosis using chest computed tomography of hospitalized patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and verify its association with disease severity. Methods: A total of 123 adults hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in the present study, which evaluated the anthropometric, clinical and chest computed tomography data (pectoral and paravertebral muscle area and density, subcutaneous fat, thoracic vertebral bodies density, degree of pulmonary involvement by disease, coronary calcium quantification, liver attenuation measurement) and their association with poorer prognosis characterized through a combined outcome of intubation and mechanical ventilation, need of intensive care unit, and death. Results: Age (p=0.013), body mass index (p=0.009), lymphopenia (p=0.034), and degree of pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 pneumonia (p<0.001) were associated with poor prognosis. Extent of pulmonary involvement by COVID-19 pneumonia had an odds ratio of 1,329 for a poor prognosis and a cutoff value of 6.5 for increased risk, with a sensitivity of 64.9% and specificity of 67.1%. Conclusion: The present study found an association of high body mass index, older age, extent of pulmonary involvement by COVID-19, and lymphopenia with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized patients.

Physician-patient communication in diagnostic examinations: what is the role of the radiologist? / Comunicação médico-paciente em exames diagnósticos: qual o papel do radiologista?

Abstract Historically, radiology has developed in a way that has increasingly distanced the radiologist from the patient. Currently, diagnostic imaging results are predominantly communicated through written reports. Written communication is not considered sufficient, verbal communication being essential for the performance of the modern radiologist to be considered satisfactory. However, a lack of preparation on the part of the radiologist when communicating the diagnosis, especially when it is not favorable (as is often the case in a cancer hospital), makes that conversation quite challenging. Studies conducted in other countries have demonstrated that there are a variety of opinions on the part of requesting physicians and patients regarding radiologist-patient communication, which can be explained by cultural differences. Although there is no rule regarding the best way to accomplish such communication, there are definitely incorrect ways. To bridge the gap between radiologists and patients and improve radiologist-patient communication, preparation of radiologists during their medical residency is fundamental. Therefore, it is important to address this question in Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify deeper discussions about the topic in the scientific literature. This analysis could help us map those involved and plan strategies to improve the ethical behavior of radiologists toward their patients.

Resumo A radiologia se desenvolveu, historicamente, de uma maneira que afastou cada vez mais o radiologista do paciente. Atualmente, a comunicação do diagnóstico radiológico é realizada predominantemente por laudos escritos. A comunicação escrita, porém, não pode ser considerada suficiente, sendo a comunicação verbal essencial para a boa atuação do radiologista moderno. Entretanto, a falta de preparo do radiologista na informação do diagnóstico, principalmente quando este não é favorável, como acontece frequentemente em um hospital oncológico, constitui um grande problema para esse especialista. Estudos realizados em outros países demonstraram variedade de opiniões dos médicos solicitantes e dos pacientes quanto à comunicação médico-paciente na radiologia, o que pode ser explicado por diferenças culturais. Embora não haja uma regra sobre a melhor maneira de realizar essa comunicação, há certamente maus caminhos. Para que o distanciamento entre radiologistas e pacientes diminua e a comunicação melhore, é fundamental o preparo do radiologista durante a residência médica. Deste modo, é importante levantar essa questão em nosso meio. Este estudo pretende buscar, na literatura científica, discussões mais profundas acerca do tema, pois essa análise pode nos auxiliar no mapeamento dos envolvidos e, futuramente, planejar estratégias de melhora no comportamento ético do radiologista frente ao paciente.