A Study Of Accessory Foramen Transversarium In Dry Cervical Vertebrae And Its Clinical Implications.

Background & Objective: The foramen transversarium in the transverse process is the characteristic feature for cervical vertebrae and distinguish it from other vertebrae. It transmits the vertebral artery, vertebral vein and sympathetic nerves. These foramina show variations in its size, shape and number. The present study was done to find out the incidence of accessory foramen transversarium and compare it with other study. Methodology: A total 150 dried cervical vertebrae were observed macroscopically for accessory foramen transversarium in the department of anatomy. Results: Out of 150 vertebrae, accessory foramen transversarium was found in 41(27.33%) vertebrae. Among 41 vertebrae unilateral accessory foramen transversarium was found in 27(18%) vertebrae and bilateral was found in 14(9.33%) vertebrae. Conclusion: The knowledge of accessory foramen transversarium is useful for spine surgeons in surgery around cervical vertebrae. It helps radiologists in interpretation of computed tomogram and magnetic resonance image scans. It is also helpful for anatomist, anthropologist and clinicians.

A study of variant origin of vertibral artery.

Background: Vertebral artery is the first branch of subclavian artery .It is an important source of blood supply to the brain. Accurate knowledge of normal and variant arterial anatomy of vertebral artery is important for clinical procedures and vascular radiology as its injury may occur at the time of cervical fracture or dislocation. The present study was done to study variant origins of vertebral artery. Aims & Objective: To study the variant origins of vertebral artery. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on thirty human cadavers to know the variant origin of vertebral arteries by Dissection method. Results: In the present study, variant origin of Left Vertebral Artery (LVA) was found in one male (3.33%) cadaver out of 30 cadavers. There was aortic origin of Left Vertebral Artery (LVA) instead of left subclavian artery. Conclusion: An understanding of anomalous origin of vertebral artery is very much important while performing diagnostic and interventional angiography & clinical improvements before vascular surgeries of supraaortic arteries.

A Study on Division of Brachial Artery and Its Clinical Correlations.

Background: The brachial artery begins as the continuation of 3rd part of axillary artery at the distal border of teres major muscle. It terminates about a centimetre below the elbow joint at the level of neck of radius into radial and ulnar arteries. Context & purpose of study: The present study was done on 30 cadavers in department of anatomy to find out any variations in division pattern of the brachial artery. Results: Variations were found in two cadavers. An unusual short segment of the brachial artery which divide at middle of arm was found in right upper limb of one cadaver. There was a high origin of the radial artery from axillary artery found in right upper limb of one cadaver. The variations can be explained on the basis of embryological development. conclusions: The knowledge of branching pattern of brachial artery is useful for physicians, surgeons, nephrologists, radiologist and interventionist in various surgical procedures and also for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase producing pseudomonas spp.(in Tertiary Care Hospital).

Background: Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) mediated resistance to carbapenem is an emerging threat in Pseudomonas isolates. The aim of this study is to detect metallo-β-lactamase producing isolates of Pseudomonas spp. from various clinical samples from indoor patients in a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: Total 900 bacterial strains were isolated from different clinical samples from indoor patients. The bacterial strains were isolated and identified as per the standard guidelines. Amongst them 100 isolates of Pseudomonas were taken for the present study. All pseudomonas isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (CLSIs). In all imipenem resistant isolates of Pseudomonas spp., MBL detection was carried out by Imipenem-EDTA combined-disc synergy test (CDST). Results: Out of 100 isolates of Pseudomonas, 44 (44%) were imipenem resistant. Of these 44 isolates, 30 were producing MBL enzyme. 30 MBL positive isolate included 12 (40%) from surgical wards, 10 (33.33%) from tuberculosis ward, 4 (13%) from medicine ward, 2 (7%) from paediatric ward, 1 (3%) from urology ward and 1 (3%) from neonatal ICU. All MBL positive strains were resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Conclusion: Prevalence of MBL producing Pseudomonas spp. is 30%. The MBL producing Pseudomonas spp. isolates were multidrug resistant. It is important to identify MBL producing pseudomonas isolates in laboratory as may cause serious infections and may cause a nosocomial outbreak.

The study of karyotypes in patients with congenital heart diseases of Gujarat State.

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of all the birth defects and is a leading cause of mortality in the 1st year of life. Congenital heart disease can be related to chromosomal aberrations and mutation of single gene. Material and Method: In this study a total of 24 confirmed cases of CHD were considered of age ranging from Day 1 to 15 years. A prior Written consent was taken from the parents of these patients. The relevant clinical data, important investigations and blood samples where collected. A conventional cytogenetic study was performed on the 24 selected patients. Results: Out of 24 patients 1 patient showed a chromosomal abnormality in the form of trisomy 21. Conclusion: Hence the present study was carried out as a Continued research on the genetic cause of congenital heart diseases and to augment our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the normal and abnormal development of the cardiac structures.