RESUMO
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are among the top leading causes of death, adversely affect the quality of life by increasing hospital stay, treatment cost, and morbidity. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs by health-care professionals (HCP) helps in signal detection and enables regulatory agencies to formulate drug use guidelines, issue warnings, or even ban/withdraw the drug from the market. Dissemination of knowledge regarding the patterns of ADRs seen in adverse drug reaction monitoring centers (AMCs) among HCP will enable to promote awareness on ADRs, help in early detection, and encourage them to be more vigilant so as to prevent recurrence of ADRs. Aims and Objectives: We conducted an observational study, with the following objectives. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of ADRs reported to AMC at PESIMSR, causality assessment, severity score, and preventability. Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective, and questionnaire-based study in PESIMSR AMC, Department of Pharmacology. The study period was between January 2016 and December 2016. All ADRs reported to the AMC in the above period were collected by convenient sampling method. Data collected includes patient characteristics such as age, gender, details of the reaction, details regarding suspected drugs, treatment, and outcome of ADR details as outlined in the standard CDSCO ADR notification form. Data were entered in SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics used and values are expressed in frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 153 cases were taken for analysis. Among them, 52% were males and 48% were females. The incidence of ADRs was higher (26%) among third and fourth decade than other age groups. Most frequent classes of drugs causing ADRs are antibiotics (44%) followed by analgesics (10%) and oral hypoglycemics (6%). The most frequently reported ADRs were cutaneous reactions. According to the WHO scale for causality assessment, 59% were possible ADRs. According to modified Hartwig Seigel’s severity assessment scale, about 16% were assessed as severe reactions. About 39% were probably preventable ADRs as assessed by modified Schummock and Thornton scale. Conclusion: Hospital-based ADR monitoring and reporting programs aim to identify and quantify the risks associated with the use of drugs. This study gives an insight to emphasize the awareness to the health-care providers on vigilant monitoring of ADRs and promptly reporting the same so as to prevent the occurrence of the reactions in vulnerable population.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective. Evaluate the relationship between bovinemetric measurements and their proportion to the living weight of Senepol registered animals in Colombia. Materials and Methods. An analysis of variance of the weight and bovinemetric measurements was conducted on 1.402 animals, with information gathered on the technical visits (from 2008 to 2014) to 63 ranches belonging to ASOSENEPOL, located at the regions of: Caribbean, Interandean and Orinoquia - Amazonia Valleys. The animals were classified under sex, region and age group, and an analysis of multiple regression was made in order to select the bovinemetric measurements with the greatest effect on weight (p<0.0001). Results. In females: hip width and rump length were significant (p<0.0001). In males: hip width, rump length, rump height, body length and pin bone width were significant (p<0.0001). The variation in weight for females was related to bovinemetric measurements associated to meat production (thoracic perimeter, body length and rump height), with easy calving (hip width, pin bone width and rump length). For males, the variation in weight was observed in bovinemetric measurements associated to meat production like hip width, pin bone width, rump length, and testicular circumference. Conclusions. Bovinemetric measurements and weight differed among groups of present study, due to environmental factors, such as region, animal age and sex.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar la relación de las medidas bovinométricas y su proporcionalidad con el peso vivo de animales Senepol registrados en Colombia. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un análisis de varianza del peso y medidas bovinométricas para 1.402 animales mediante información recopilada durante las visitas técnicas entre los años 2008 a 2014, en 63 haciendas pertenecientes a ASOSENEPOL, ubicadas en las regiones: Caribe, Valles Interandinos y Orinoquía - Amazonía. Se clasificaron los animales en grupos por sexo, región y grupo etario, se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple, con el fin de seleccionar las medidas bovinométricas con mayor efecto sobre el peso (p<0.0001). Resultados. En hembras: amplitud de cadera y longitud del anca (p<0.0001). En machos: amplitud de cadera, longitud del anca, altura al sacro, longitud corporal y amplitud de isquiones (p<0.0001). La variabilidad de peso entre hembras se relacionó a medidas bovinométricas asociadas a producción de carne (perímetro torácico, longitud corporal y altura al sacro) con facilidad de parto (amplitud de cadera, amplitud de isquiones, longitud del anca). Para machos, la variabilidad de peso se observó en las medidas asociadas a producción cárnica como amplitud de cadera, amplitud de isquiones, longitud del anca y circunferencia testicular. Conclusiones. Las medidas bovinométricas y el peso difirieron entre los grupos del presente estudio, por factores ambientales de entorno como la región, la edad del animal y el sexo.