Nivel de conocimiento sobre métodos anticonceptivos y salud reproductiva en adolescentes mexicanos de medio rural / Level of knowledge about contraceptive methods and reproductive health in Mexican adolescents in rural area

INTRODUCCIÓN la información sobre anticoncepción es importante antes que se inicie la vida sexual. OBJETIVO determinar el nivel de conocimiento y uso de métodos anticonceptivos por adolescentes en medio rural. MÉTODOS estudio transversal analítico, se encuestó a adolescentes de 15-19 años de edad de ambos sexos, que asistían a un centro de salud rural, 70% sin vida sexual y 30% que ya habían iniciado su vida sexual. Se empleó una cuestionario auto-administrado que incluyó variables sociodemográficas, socioeducativas y de uso de métodos anticonceptivos. RESULTADOS el nivel de conocimientos fue medio en 38% y bajo en 31%. El condón fue el método anticonceptivo más utilizado (88%) y del que se tenía más conocimiento. Tiene un conocimiento bajo el 48,7%, el 30% y el 29,7% de adolescentes de 15, 16 y 17 años respectivamente. El conocimiento va aumentando con la edad; es "medio y alto" en 48,7% y 86,6% a los 15 y 19 años, respectivamente. Se observa que a mayor conocimiento, mayor uso de métodos anticonceptivos. CONCLUSIONES es necesaria mayor información sobre el uso adecuado de los métodos anticonceptivos en la escuela y en la familia a nivel rural antes del inicio de la vida sexual, para prevenir las enfermedades de transmisión sexual y los embarazos no deseados.

INTRODUCTION information on contraception is important before sexual life begins. OBJECTIVE to determine the level of knowledge and use of contraceptive methods by adolescents in rural areas. METHODS analytical cross-sectional study, surveyed adolescents aged 15-19 years of both sexes, who attended a rural health center, 70% without sexual life and 30% who had already started their sexual life. A self-administered questionnaire was used that included sociodemographic, socio-educational and use of contraceptive variables. RESULTS the level of knowledge was medium in 38% and low in 31%. The condom was the most widely used contraceptive method (88%) and the most widely known. 48,7%, 30%, and 29,7% of adolescents aged 15, 16, and 17, respectively, have low knowledge. Knowledge increases with age; it is "medium and high" in 48,7% and in 86,6% at 15 and 19 years, respectively. It is observed that the greater the knowledge, the more frequent use of contraceptive methods. CONCLUSIONS more information is needed on the proper use of contraceptive methods at school and in the family at the rural level before the start of sexual life, to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies.

Parietal peritoneum graft for duodenum injuries in an animal model / Enxerto de peritônio parietal em lesão duodenal: modelo animal

ABSTRACT Background: Duodenal injuries and their surgical procedure cause a high morbidity and mortality. Aim: To assess the overall effectiveness of the auto-graft of peritoneum in the treatment of the perforation of the duodenum, aiming to reduce surgery time, costs, complexity and mortality. Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits, ages 4-6 months, both sexes, underwent designed surgical grade III duodenal injuries that were repaired 18 h after. Rabbits were surgically treated with the proposed auto-graft of peritoneum. Results: No postoperative deaths were observed; the animals presented corporal weight increase and were euthanized six months later. There was no significant difference between both groups relating to the postoperative evolution or in the histological changes. Conclusion: Auto-graft of the peritoneum and posterior fascia is a useful option for duodenal repair and that is worth of evaluation for humans.

RESUMO Racional: Lesões duodenais e seu procedimento cirúrgico causam alta morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia geral de retalho peritoneal no tratamento da perfuração do duodeno, visando reduzir o tempo, os custos, a complexidade e a mortalidade cirúrgicas. Métodos: Doze coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, com idades entre 4-6 meses, ambos os sexos, foram submetidos a lesões duodenais cirúrgicas de grau III, que foram reparadas 18 h depois. Coelhos foram tratados cirurgicamente com a proposta de auto-enxerto de peritônio. Resultados: Não foram observados óbitos pós-operatórios; os animais apresentaram aumento de peso corporal e foram eutanasiados seis meses depois. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em relação à evolução pós-operatória ou nas alterações histológicas. Conclusão: A auto-enxertia do peritônio e da fáscia posterior é uma opção útil para o reparo duodenal e vale a pena ser avaliada em seres humanos.