[Effect of kegel exercise and interfrential current in treatment women with stress urinary incontinence]

Urinary stress incontinence has been defined as any involuntary leakage of urine on effort or exertion or on sneezing or coughing. Physical treatment and rehabilitation have an important role in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. In this clinical trial study, forty five women with urinary stress incontinence were included.Diagnosis was made according to the detailed history, physical examinations and urinary tests. All cases were randomly divided into three groups. Fifteen cases underwent kegel exercises, fifteen other cases underwent interferential current and both treatment [kegel exercise and interferential current] were applied the remaining cases. Number of leakages in three days and amount of leakage were evaluated pre and post treatment and the values of these data were compared in each group and among groups. All of the parameters improved after treatment in each group [p<0/05]. Kegel exercise and interferential current seemed to have similar effects on the number of leakages in three days before and after test. Treatment with kegel exercise and interferential current together was more effective on decreasing the number of leakages in three days than each one alone [p<0/05]. Conclusions: Physical therapy modalities used in this trial are easy and non invasive. Treatment with kegel exercise and interferential current together can be more effective in patients with urinary stress incontinence

Educational needs in premarital counseling: viewpoints of couples referring to health care centers in Mashhad

In recent years, premarital programs are considered important in order to promote the quality of married life. This study was performed to determine the educational needs in premarital stages from the viewpoints of married couples referring to health care centers of Mashhad. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 223 couples [n = 446] referring to health centers in Mashhad during the years 2006-2007. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire containing 2 forms. The first form included 8 demographic questions and 4 questions related to samples' viewpoints about the way of holding sessions. The second form included 47 questions on 7 areas including fertility, family planning, congenital diseases, prevalent cancer prevention, sexual relationships, relationship with spouse and family, and Islamic and legal issues and 2 open questions were dedicated to other viewpoints of couples. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used for analyzing the data. The need to education in all areas was higher than average in both groups. Comparing the scores in 7 areas showed no significant difference between males and females. The most important need in both groups was concerning the relationship with spouse and family [3.97 +/- 0.067 in females and 3.95 +/- 0.077 in males]. Couples have a tendency for more education in the field of relationship with spouse and family, and are willing to increase the number of educational sessions to 3 or 4. Males and females had felt the need for providing educational programs in the mentioned priorities

[corelation between engagement time of fetal head in early active phase and delivery outcome in primigravida women]

Engagement that is the passage of fetus head through the pelvic inlet is one of the main stages of delivery. There is a controversy about the engagement time in different resources. The main objective of this descriptive study is to determine a possible correlation between engagement time of fetal head and delivery outcome in primiparous women.This descriptive study carried out on 471 primiparous women. The inclusion criteria were minimum height 145cm, documented term gestation 37-42 weeks, vertex presentation, single fetus, spontaneous onset of labor, cervical dilatation 4cm or less and lack of any complications. At the onset of active labor, 386 women had unengaged and 85 of them had an engaged fetal head. The data were analyzed by using t and X[2] tests.Our results significantly showed that unengagement of fetal head conferred a longer active phase as well as a longer second stage of labor [p=0.001]. Furthermore, an increased need for oxytocin was observed in women with an unengaged fetal presentation [p=0.04], but the delivery method of labors, length of third stage of labor, first and fifth minute Apgar score in two groups showed no significant differences. This study showed that unengaged fetal head in early active phase although increases the duration of delivery but it does not increase delivery complications [cesarean section rate, fetal distress and low Apgar score]