RESUMO
Obesity as major global pandemic is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs] and weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and blood pressure status in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 5852 men and women, aged 19-70 years, who participated in the fourth phase [2009-2011] of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographics, anthropometries, biochemical measurements including triglycerides, HDL and blood pressure were assessed. Intakes of SSBs including carbonated drinks and synthetic fruit juices were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Mean dietary intake of SSBs was 48.9 +/- 77.8 g/d. After adjustment for all potential confounding variables, significant associations were observed between SSB consumption and BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL and blood pressure in the fourth quartile. Participants in the highest, compared to the lowest quartile category of SSBs had 25%, 37%, 22% and 32% higher risk of general obesity [OR: 1.25, 95% Cl: 1.02-1.50], abdominal obesity [OR: 1.37, 95% Cl: 1.15-1.64], low HDL cholesterol [OR: 1.22, 95% Cl: 1.04-1.44] and hypertension [OR: 1.32, 95% Cl: 1.08-1.61], respectively. Higher intakes of SSBs were found to be associated with a higher risk of general obesity and its related cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian adults
RESUMO
Nutrition as an important factor in health can be effective in educational success of students. Malnourished students have less concentration and attention. Lack of breakfast consumption for a long period has negative effect in behavior and health. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a nutritional teaching booklet about breakfast on the knowledge of fourth grade girls at Tehran's 6th educational and teaching district. This interventional study performed on 100 fourth grade girls from 10 schools in Tehran city, randomly divided into two groups; case who received booklet and control group. Subject: At first a pretest of knowledge was done for all the students [case and control]. The case group was given the booklet to read by themselves. No teaching provided for the control group. A knowledge posttest was performed two weeks later. Two types of questionnaires [general and knowledge] were used to collect data. The following methods were used: chi-square test for comparing case and control groups from the aspect of independent variables, pair t- test for comparing the knowledge scores between case and control groups and one-way ANOVA for assessment of independent variables effect on the mean difference of knowledge in samples. The mean score of knowledge in the case group against the control increased 2.22 [p < 0.001]. The one-way ANOVA method showed that none of the independent variables [family size, parents' career and educational level, dinner breakfast sleeping and waking up time, the person who prepares breakfast at home, breakfast consumption status in other members of family] had significant effect on the mean of the knowledge scores' difference. The results of this study showed the nutritional teaching booklet about breakfast caused an increase in the knowledge of this age group of girl students