effect of four commonly used root conditioner agents in different time periods applied on periodontally diseased and healthy teeth

Statement of Problem: Root surface contamination or infection can potentially change the consequences of regenerative periodontal therapies and therefore the modification and disinfection of the contaminated root surfaces are necessary

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the surface characteristics of the extracted human teeth after exposure to four root conditioners in different time periods

Materials and Methods: The study samples were prepared from 40 freshly extracted teeth including 20 affected teeth with periodontal diseases and 20 healthy teeth. After performing root planning, 240 dentinal block samples were prepared and each affected and healthy sample was randomly allocated to receive one of the following root conditioners; Ethylenediaminetetraaceti acid [EDTA], citric acid, doxycycline, and tetracycline or rinsed with normal saline as the control agent. The prepared specimens were evaluated using scanning electron microscope and the inter-group differences and changes in study indices; dentin [%], tubular spaces [%], and diameter of dentinal tubules [micro m[2]] were compared using one-way ANOVA test

Results: In the control group receiving normal saline, the changes in the indicators of dentin, tubular spaces, and diameter of dentinal tubules remained insignificant in all time periods. EDTA, citric acid, and tetracycline had chelating effects on the study indices; however, doxycycline led to gradual decrease of the tubular space and diameter as well as increase in dentin percentage

Conclusions: In different time intervals and when considering healthy or affected tooth surfaces, the effect of conditioning agents could be different. Amongst the four agents used, EDTA and tetracycline consistently increased the diameter of tubules and percentage of patent tubules in both healthy and diseased teeth

Compare of sequntional effect of chlorhexidine NaF mouth washes on plaque control

Dental plaque is recognized as the main etiologic factor in gingival diseases. There fore, prevention and control of plaque aggregation on various dental surface display a very significant role in prophylaxis and treatment of both gingivitis and periodontitis. However mechanical removing of the plaque is the primary method for dental and oral hygiene, It can not be carried out perfectly even by precision patient. To resolve the problem, it is recommended to add chemical control to mechanical method. In respect to the importance of chemical control, this study purposes to evaluate synergic effect and compare effect of chlorhexidine, NaF mouth washes, a type of chemical method, on plaque control. The studied group consist of 15 dentistry students .After a thorough professional prophylaxis including interdental cleaning. 15 subjects started to rinse according to 4 different regiments: regimen CH-NaF: chlorhexidine Immediately followed by Sodium fluoride in the morning and in the evening; regimen NaF-CH: Sodium Fluoride immediately followed by Chlorhexidine in the morning and in the evening; regimen CH: chlorhexidine in the morning and in the evening; regimen NaF: Sodium Fluoride in the morning and in the evening. No further oral hygiene measures were allowed for the next 5 day. After 5day, the subject were scored for BOP, PI and PCR, afther of days" washout period of 4 days. Following this procedure, all subjects went through all 4 regiments. Our observation revealed no bleeding due to probing in all who used four rinsing regimes. The rate of plaque index varied according to the type and manner of the mouthwash applied, so that minimal plaque index was seen in combining chlorhexidine / Sodium Fluoride regimen. In addition, the mean plaque control record percent different in accordance to the type and manner of the mouthwash applied, so that the lowest mean was illustrated in the regimen combining chlorhexidine / Sodium Fluoride mouthwashes. The observation showed no bleeding on probing in subjects who applied four regimens. The best outcomes of plaque index and plaque control record were obtained with use of chlorhexidine-sodium fluoride mouth washes

[Sialochemistry of parotid, and assessment of dental caries rate and gingivitis in patients with major Thalassemia]

Systemic consequences of major thalassemia [MT], can induce some changes in saliva chemistry, and increase dental caries, as well as gingivitis in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the sialochemistry of saliva, state of dental caries, and gingivitis in MT patients with healthy individuals. In this historical cohort study, 28 MT patients [9 girls and 19 boys] with the mean age of 11/75 years, and 60 healthy individuals [20 girls and 40 boys] with the mean age of 11/36 years as a control group were examined from DMF and GI index point of view. After stimulation of parotid gland, secretions were collected from both groups. The saliva samples were tested for calcium, phosphor, potassium, sodium, and urea. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 using Mann-Whitney and t-test. Dental caries and gingivitis were shown to be higher in MT patients compared to the control group [p<0.001]. Also results from sialochemistry of parotid showed that, the mean calcium and phosphor saliva concentrations were significantly higher in patients with MT than in the control group [p<0.001]. However, the mean urea and sodium concentrations in saliva were significantly lower in the control group [p=0.009, p=0.035]. The potassium content in patients' saliva did not have a significant difference with the control group [p=0.34]. The result of this study showed that dental caries, gingivitis, and mean saliva concentration of calcium and phosphor was higher in MT patients than the control group but sodium and urea in the healthy group was higher. Concentration of potassium did not show any difference between the two groups