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@#Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Shenyuan Gan (参远苷, SYG) on the inflammatory response in BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods The cytotoxicity of SYG to BV2 microglial cells was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the effect of SYG concentrations on LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells was studied. The morphological changes were observed using an optical microscope. The nitric oxide (NO) concentration in cell culture supernatant was determined using Griess reagent. The expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators were also measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, alpha inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB-α), phosphorylation-IκB-α (p-IκB-α), NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1 expression. Moreover, the expression of iNOS, NLRP3, and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) was also observed using immunofluorescent staining. Results SYG had a low cytotoxic effect on BV2 microglial cells and could significantly decr-ease LPS-induced morphological changes of BV2 microglial cells (P < 0.05). ELISA results showed that SYG significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in BV2 microglia cells (P < 0.05), and Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of iNOS, NF-κB p65, and IκB-α as well as NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression were also significantly decreased, and IκB-α expression was increased after SYG treatment (P < 0.05, compared with the LPS-treated group). The immunofluorescence results were consistent with the Western blot results, and Iba1 staining indicated that the cell morphology tended to be resting. These results indicate that SYG has a certain inhibitory effect on LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells. Conclusion SYG can inhibit LPS-induced release of inflammatory factors in BV2 microglial cells by affecting the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α. SYG is a valuable candidate for treating neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between Th17/Treg balance in peripheral blood and cerebral infarction and its clinical value.Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients with cerebral infarction treated in affiliated Dongfeng Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine from February 2013 were randomly selected as the infarction group,and the other 122 healthy subjects for physical examination in Dongfeng Hospital at the same period were selected as the control group.The two groups were tested for peripheral blood Th17/Treg cells,and the content of interleukin-17 was detected and the correlation was analyzed.Results The percentage of Th17 cells and the levels of IL-17 in infarction group were (1.45 ±0.24)％ and (58.20±22.19) ng/L,respectively,which were higher than those in the control group ((0.84±0.15) ％,(21.00± 11.93) ng/L) (t =10.648,11.285,P＜ 0.05).The proportion of Treg cells in the infarction group was (4.89±0.81)％,lower than that of the control group ((11.38±1.89)％) (t=11.298,P＜0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the proportion of Treg cells in patients with cerebral infarction were negatively correlated with Th17 cell ratio,IL-17 content,neurological deficit score and infarct volume (r =-0.671,-0.385,-0.414,-0.533,P＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the percentage of Th17,IL-17 content and infarct volume were the main influencing factors of Treg cells (OR (95％ CI) =2.216 (1.120-4.283),2.062 (1.109-3.298),1.022 (1.008-4.192),P ＜0.05).Conclusion Peripheral blood Th17 cells and Treg cells have the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects by secreting cytokines in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Th17/Treg balance in peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral infarction is involved in the process of brain tissue damage after cerebral infarction.
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BACKGROUND:Double filtration plasmapheresis is an effective means for treatment of myasthenia gravis in recent years. There are many mechanisms underlying double filtration plasmapheresis for treatment of myasthenia gravis, but there is no unified understanding. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical effect of double filtration plasmapheresis combined with glucocorticoid treatment for myasthenia gravis. METHODS:A total of 46 patients diagnosed as having advanced myasthenia gravis who were consecutively admitted were enroled and randomized into experimental group (n=26) and control group (n=20). Patients in the control group received glucocorticoid treatment, and those in the experimental group received double filtration plasmapheresis combined with glucocorticoid treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The titers of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody in the two groups were both decreased significantly after treatment (P < 0.05), especialy in the experimental group (P < 0.01); but the IgA and IgM clearance rate in the experiment group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The quantitative myasthenia gravis score, symptom remission time, in-hospital time in the experimental group were al significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0.01). What’s more, the total effective rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. The double filtration plasmapheresis combined with glucocorticoid treatment for myasthenia gravis is safe and effective that can effectively remove the anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody, IgA and IgM.