Spatial distribution of Brazilian bovine taurine breeds associated with climatic, physical and socioeconomic variables / [Distribuição espacial de raças taurinas bovinas brasileiras associada a variáveis climáticas, físicas e socioeconômicas]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of purebred Bos taurus taurus bovine breeds raised in Brazil in association with climatic, physical and socioeconomic variables. The breeds Aberdeen Angus, Ayrshire, Braford, Brangus, Charolais, Devon, Flemish, Hereford, Pinzgauer, Shorthorn and Simental were classified according to their aptitude (milk, meat or dual-purpose). They were spatialized according to their aptitude using state and municipal information. The milk breeds were found in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, while the dual-purpose breeds were found in Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul states and the beef breeds were concentrated in the southern region. Only the Aberdeen Angus meat breed showed higher dispersion in other regions. Meat and dual-purpose breeds tended to be raised in regions with lower maximum temperature, average temperature, thermal amplitude and temperature-humidity index. Dual-purpose breeds were found in municipalities with high humidity and altitude, but with a low gross domestic product, little technical guidance received from cooperatives and the government, low control of diseases and parasites, as well as low use of pasture rotation systems. The spatial distribution of Brazilian bovine taurine breeds, regardless of aptitude, was related to climatic, physical and socioeconomic factors.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição espacial de raças bovinas puras Bos taurus taurus criadas no Brasil, associadas a variáveis climáticas, físicas e socioeconômicas. As raças Aberdeen Angus, Ayrshire, Braford, Brangus, Charolês, Devon, Flamenga, Hereford, Pinzgauer, Shorthorn e Simental foram classificadas de acordo com sua aptidão (leite, carne ou duplo-propósito). Elas foram espacializadas de acordo com sua aptidão a partir de informações estaduais e municipais. As raças leiteiras foram encontradas nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina, enquanto as raças de duplo-propósito foram encontradas nos estados de Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul, e as raças de carne concentraram-se na região Sul. Apenas a raça de carne Aberdeen Angus apresentou maior dispersão nas demais regiões. As raças de carne e de duplo-propósito tendem a ser criadas em regiões com menores temperatura máxima, temperatura média, amplitude térmica e índice de temperatura e umidade. As raças de duplo-propósito foram encontradas em municípios com alta umidade e altitude, mas com baixo produto interno bruto, pouca orientação técnica recebida de cooperativas e do governo, baixo controle de doenças e de parasitas e baixo uso de sistema de rotação de pastagens. A distribuição espacial das raças taurinas bovinas brasileiras, independentemente da aptidão, foi relacionada a fatores climáticos, físicos e socioeconômicos.(AU)

Mindoro blindness from corneal degeneration

The Mindoro corneal blindness is a difficult ophthalmological problem in the Philippines. It is degenerative in nature and familial in tendency, with heredity, nutrition and trauma as probable additional factors. There are no evidences to consider it a part of a dermatological, so-called "lapnus syndrome," and there are insufficient findings to incriminate stored rice as the sole cause of it. It is certainly not due to ariboflavinosis. A small, 6.5 mm., central penetrating corneal transplant may remain transparent for many years in the early cases. For moderately advanced cases, it seems to be the first choice, but for the advanced cases, a wide, 9 mm. or more, penetrating keratoplasty, has been followed by opacification of the graft after about a month. A preliminary wide anterior lamellar grafting needs further trial for those advanced casesThe pathologic picture of degenerative keratopathy may be distinct and pure in the beginning but as the lesion advances, those of inflammation, proliferation, death and even necrosis may appear probably because of biological chain reactionsThe pathogenesis of degenerative keratopathies is probably a disturbance or a defect in one or more parts of the metabolic mechanism which interferes with one or more events in metabolismThe etiology of degenerative keratopathies is often multiple and varies with race, heredity, geography, nutrition and other factorsDegenerative keratopathies should be studied along cellular and non-cellular aspects. (Conclusions)